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B2 verb 7分で読める

مشاهده نمودن

moshahede nemoodan
例文 メモとヒント مشاهده نمودن 30秒で
解説 مشاهده نمودن in your Level:
At the A1 level, you don't really need to use 'مشاهده نمودن'. It is too formal and complex. Instead, you should focus on the basic verb 'دیدن' (didan), which means 'to see'. For example, you would say 'Man yek gol didam' (I saw a flower). At this stage, you are just learning to identify objects and people. You might learn that 'moshahede' means 'observation' as a noun in very basic contexts, but using the full verb 'namudan' is not expected. Just remember that Persian has different levels of politeness and formality, and this word is at the very top of that list. If you see it in a book, just know it means 'to see' but in a very serious way.
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At the A2 level, you begin to distinguish between 'seeing' and 'watching'. You use 'tamasha kardan' for movies and 'negah kardan' for looking at pictures. You might encounter 'moshahede' in simple news headlines or signs in a museum. You should understand that 'namudan' is a formal version of 'kardan'. While you won't use 'مشاهده نمودن' in your daily speaking tasks, you might see it in a reading passage about a famous scientist or a historical site. It's a good time to start noticing how 'namudan' changes the tone of a sentence from friendly to official. If you are describing a picture in an exam, sticking to 'man dar in aks ... ra mi-binam' is safer than using 'moshahede mi-namayam'.
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At the B1 level, you are moving into intermediate territory where register starts to matter. You should be able to recognize 'مشاهده نمودن' in formal texts, such as newspaper articles or academic introductions. You understand that this verb is used for systematic looking. You might start using 'moshahede kardan' (the slightly less formal version) in your own writing when discussing social issues or describing a process. You should be aware of the past stem 'namud' and the present stem 'namay'. You can now differentiate between 'seeing' (didan), 'watching' (tamasha kardan), and 'observing' (moshahede kardan/namudan). You are expected to understand sentences like 'The doctor observed the symptoms' in a reading comprehension task.
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B2 is the target level for this word. At this stage, you should be able to use 'مشاهده نمودن' actively in formal essays, reports, and academic presentations. You understand the nuance of using 'namudan' instead of 'kardan' to convey a high level of formality and professionalism. You can use it to describe scientific experiments, social trends, or detailed analyses of literature. You are comfortable with its conjugation in various tenses, including the present and past perfect. You also know how to use it with the object marker 'ra' and how to follow it with a 'ke' clause to explain what exactly was observed. You can discuss the results of a study using this verb to sound more authoritative.
At the C1 level, you have a deep appreciation for the stylistic choices 'مشاهده نمودن' offers. You can use it to create specific rhetorical effects in your writing. You might use it in a legal brief, a complex editorial, or a literary critique. You are also aware of the synonyms like 'molaheze kardan' or 'rasad kardan' and can choose between them based on subtle differences in meaning (e.g., 'rasad' for stars vs. 'moshahede' for general facts). Your use of 'namudan' is seamless and doesn't feel forced. You also understand when *not* to use it to avoid sounding archaic or overly bureaucratic in modern contexts. You can interpret the philosophical implications of 'observation' in Persian intellectual discourse.
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At the C2 level, you have native-like mastery of 'مشاهده نمودن'. You can read classical and modern texts and understand how the use of this verb has evolved. You might encounter it in the works of 20th-century intellectuals who used a highly Persianized, formal style. You can use it in high-level diplomatic correspondence or in writing a book. You understand its relationship to the Arabic root 'sh-h-d' (to witness) and can connect it to related words like 'shahed' (witness), 'mashhad' (place of martyrdom/witnessing), and 'shohud' (intuition/witnessing). You can engage in debates about whether 'namudan' is being overused in modern media and offer stylistic alternatives that maintain formality without being cumbersome.
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例文 メモとヒント

مشاهده نمودن 30秒で

  • Formal verb for 'to observe' used in academic and professional Persian.
  • Formed from 'moshahede' (observation) and the auxiliary 'namudan' (formal 'to do').
  • Essential for B2+ level reading and writing in science, news, and law.
  • Implies careful, objective attention rather than casual seeing.

The Persian verb مشاهده نمودن (moshahede namudan) is a sophisticated, formal expression used to describe the act of observing, witnessing, or carefully watching a phenomenon or event. While the basic verb for 'to see' is didar or didand, and the common verb for 'to watch' is tamasha kardan, moshahede namudan elevates the action to a level of professional, scientific, or literary scrutiny. It is not merely seeing with the eyes; it is the cognitive process of gathering data or noticing details through visual perception. This verb is a compound formed from the Arabic loanword 'moshahede' (observation) and the Persian auxiliary verb 'namudan' (to do/to show), which is the formal counterpart to 'kardan'. Use this word when you are writing a research paper, giving a formal report, or describing a profound moment in literature where a character witnesses something significant.

Formal Register
This verb is almost exclusively used in written Persian or very formal speeches. In casual conversation, people will almost always use 'moshahede kardan' or simply 'didan'.
Scientific Context
It is the standard term for 'observation' in physics, biology, and social sciences. When a scientist monitors a reaction, they 'moshahede' the results.
Legal and Official Use
In police reports or legal testimonies, witnesses 'observe' facts rather than just 'seeing' them, implying a level of attention and accuracy.

دانشمندان تغییرات اقلیمی را با دقت مشاهده نمودند تا الگوهای جدید را کشف کنند.

Translation: Scientists observed climate changes carefully to discover new patterns.

Understanding the nuance of 'namudan' is key to mastering B2-level Persian. Unlike 'kardan', which is the workhorse of the language, 'namudan' signals to the listener that the speaker is educated and the context is serious. It is often found in the news when reporting on international events or in historical accounts. For example, a historian might write about how a traveler 'observed' the customs of a foreign land. The word carries a sense of objectivity; it implies that the observer is standing back and looking at the whole picture without necessarily being part of it. This makes it perfect for academic discourse where neutrality is prized.

در این آزمایش، ما رفتار سلول‌ها را زیر میکروسکوپ مشاهده نمودیم.

Translation: In this experiment, we observed the behavior of cells under the microscope.

Furthermore, 'moshahede' implies a duration. You don't usually 'moshahede' a flash of light (that would be 'didan'); you 'moshahede' a process that unfolds over time. It suggests a methodical approach. If you are watching a movie for fun, you use 'tamasha kardan'. If you are a film critic analyzing the cinematography and lighting of that same movie for a professional review, you might use 'moshahede namudan' to describe your analytical viewing process.

Using مشاهده نمودن correctly requires an understanding of Persian verb conjugation in its formal variant. The present stem is نمای (namay) and the past stem is نمود (namud). Because it is a compound verb, the 'moshahede' part remains unchanged, while the auxiliary 'namudan' carries the person, tense, and mood. For instance, in the present continuous (formal), you might see 'dar hal-e moshahede namudan hastand' (they are currently observing).

Past Tense Construction
Subject + moshahede + past stem (namud) + personal ending. Example: 'Man moshahede namudam' (I observed).
Present Tense Construction
Subject + moshahede + mi- + present stem (namay) + personal ending. Example: 'U moshahede mi-namayad' (He/She observes).

بازرسان آژانس بین‌المللی انرژی اتمی از تاسیسات هسته‌ای مشاهده نمودند.

Translation: The inspectors of the International Atomic Energy Agency observed the nuclear facilities.

In formal writing, the passive voice is also common. To say 'it was observed', you would use 'moshahede shod' or the even more formal 'moshahede gardid'. However, when using 'namudan', the active voice is usually preferred to show the agency of the observer. Another important aspect is the object marker 'ra'. If you are observing a specific thing, that thing must be followed by 'ra'. For example, 'setaregan ra moshahede namudim' (we observed the stars).

آیا شما در طول سفر خود تغییرات فرهنگی را مشاهده نمودید؟

Translation: Did you observe cultural changes during your trip?

When constructing complex sentences, 'moshahede namudan' often takes a clause introduced by 'ke' (that). For example: 'Moshahede namudim ke mardom bishtar az gozashte be mohit-e zist ahammiyat mi-dahand' (We observed that people care more about the environment than in the past). This structure is very common in journalism and social commentary.

You will encounter مشاهده نمودن in specific professional and academic environments. It is a staple of the evening news on channels like IRIB or BBC Persian when reporters describe official visits or scientific breakthroughs. For example, 'The President observed the progress of the project' would use this verb. It is also the language of 'The Academy'. If you attend a lecture at the University of Tehran, or read a thesis in Persian, this verb will appear frequently in the methodology and results sections.

News Media
Reporters use it to sound objective and professional. 'Gozareshgar moshahede namud ke...' (The reporter observed that...).
Medical Reports
Doctors use it in written evaluations. 'Dar in bimar, hich neshane-i az behbudi moshahede nanamudam' (In this patient, I observed no signs of improvement).

در اخبار دیشب اعلام شد که کارشناسان نقص‌های فنی را در سیستم مشاهده نموده‌اند.

Translation: In last night's news, it was announced that experts have observed technical flaws in the system.

In literature, especially in 20th-century prose that maintains a degree of formality, authors use it to create a sense of distance between the narrator and the events. It gives the narrative a 'witness' quality. You might also find it in high-end travelogues where the writer is not just a tourist but an observer of civilizations. Furthermore, in the world of astronomy and birdwatching, where 'observing' is the primary activity, this verb is the standard jargon.

منجمان با استفاده از تلسکوپ‌های جدید، کهکشان‌های دوردست را مشاهده نمودند.

Translation: Astronomers observed distant galaxies using new telescopes.

The most common mistake learners make with مشاهده نمودن is using it in the wrong register. Because it is a B2/C1 level word, beginners often try to use it to sound 'smart' in casual settings, which results in sounding unnatural. For example, saying 'I observed my friend at the park' using this verb would sound like you are a secret agent or a scientist studying your friend like a lab rat. In that case, 'didam' (I saw) is the correct choice.

Overuse in Speech
Avoid using this verb in 'Mohavereyi' (spoken/colloquial) Persian. Use 'moshahede kardan' if you must be formal, but 'didan' for everything else.
Confusion with 'Didar'
Learners sometimes confuse 'moshahede' with 'didar'. 'Didar' is a meeting or a visit with a person. 'Moshahede' is the visual observation of a thing or event.

اشتباه: من دیروز مادرم را مشاهده نمودم.

Correction: This sounds like you were spying on her. Use 'Man diruz madaram ra didam'.

Another mistake involves the auxiliary verb. Some learners conjugate 'namudan' as if it were 'kardan'. Remember the stems: namay/namud. Mixing them up with kon/kard is a sign of a lower-level grasp of formal Persian. Also, be careful with the preposition. While 'didan' is a direct transitive verb, 'moshahede namudan' sometimes appears in phrases like 'moshahede az...' (observation of/from), though it is primarily transitive.

Persian is rich in verbs related to sight. Choosing the right one depends on the intensity and the context of the seeing. مشاهده نمودن sits at the top of the formality and analysis pyramid. Below are some comparisons to help you choose the right word for your needs.

Didan (دیدن)
The general verb for 'to see'. Neutral register. Used for everything from seeing a movie to seeing a friend.
Tamasha Kardan (تماشا کردن)
To watch for entertainment. Used for TV, sports, or a beautiful sunset. It implies enjoyment.
Negah Kardan (نگاه کردن)
To look at. It implies directing one's gaze toward something specific. 'Look at this!'
Nazar Afkandan (نظر افکندن)
Literally 'to cast a glance'. Highly poetic and literary. Used in classical poetry or high-style prose.

تفاوت بین دیدن و مشاهده نمودن تفاوت بین اتفاق و دقت است.

Translation: The difference between seeing and observing is the difference between accident and precision.

When you want to emphasize that you are 'monitoring' something, you might use 'zire nazar dashtan' (to keep under observation). If you are 'witnessing' a crime or a historical event, 'shahed budan' (to be a witness) is often used alongside 'moshahede namudan'. In scientific contexts, 'rasad kardan' is specifically used for astronomical observations.

How Formal Is It?

豆知識

The root 'sh-h-d' is the same as in the word 'Shahid' (martyr), which literally means 'witness' (one who witnesses the truth of their faith).

発音ガイド

UK /mo.ʃɒː.he.de na.muː.dæn/
US /moʊ.ʃɑː.he.deɪ næ.muː.dæn/
Primary stress is on the last syllable of 'moshahede' (de) and the last syllable of 'namudan' (dan).
韻が合う語
ستودن (sotudan) گشودن (goshudan) ربودن (robudan) فرمودن (farmudan) نمودن (namudan) آزمودن (azmudan) آسودن (asudan) افزودن (afzudan)
よくある間違い
  • Pronouncing 'sh' as 's'.
  • Shortening the long 'a' in 'moshahede'.
  • Confusing 'namudan' with 'nemudan' (though 'nemudan' is the older pronunciation, 'namudan' is standard modern).
  • Stressing the first syllable.
  • Mumbling the 'h' in 'moshahede'.

難易度

読解 4/5

Common in formal texts, but requires knowing the 'namudan' conjugation.

ライティング 5/5

Hard to use naturally without sounding overly formal.

スピーキング 5/5

Rarely used in speech; sounds robotic if misused.

リスニング 3/5

Easy to recognize in news and lectures.

次に学ぶべきこと

前提知識

دیدن کردن نمودن نگاه دقت

次に学ぶ

ملاحظه نمودن بررسی نمودن تحلیل کردن استنتاج نمودن اثبات کردن

上級

تجلی مکاشفه شهود منظر نظاره

知っておくべき文法

Compound Verb Conjugation

Only the 'namudan' part changes: moshahede mi-namayam.

Formal vs. Informal Auxiliarie

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レベル別の例文

1

من در پارک یک پرنده دیدم.

I saw a bird in the park.

A1 uses 'didam' (saw) instead of 'moshahede namudam'.

2

او به عکس نگاه می‌کند.

He is looking at the photo.

Uses 'negah kardan' for looking.

3

ما تلویزیون تماشا می‌کنیم.

We are watching TV.

Uses 'tamasha kardan' for watching entertainment.

4

آیا شما این فیلم را دیدید؟

Did you see this movie?

Simple past of 'didan'.

5

کتاب روی میز است.

The book is on the table.

Basic sentence structure.

6

من خورشید را می‌بینم.

I see the sun.

Present tense of 'didan'.

7

او گربه را دید.

He saw the cat.

Third person past tense.

8

ما در جنگل درختان زیادی دیدیم.

We saw many trees in the forest.

Plural past tense.

1

در موزه، ما اشیای قدیمی را مشاهده کردیم.

In the museum, we observed old objects.

Uses 'moshahede kardan', which is less formal than 'namudan'.

2

دکتر بیمار را معاینه کرد.

The doctor examined the patient.

Related to observation but specifically medical.

3

او با دقت به درس گوش داد.

He listened to the lesson carefully.

Careful attention, similar to 'moshahede'.

4

من تغییرات را در باغچه دیدم.

I saw the changes in the garden.

Simple observation.

5

پلیس ترافیک را کنترل می‌کند.

The police control the traffic.

Observation for control.

6

ما در آسمان ستاره‌ها را تماشا کردیم.

We watched the stars in the sky.

Watching for pleasure.

7

او هر روز پرندگان را مشاهده می‌کند.

He observes birds every day.

Habitual observation.

8

آیا شما در این شهر ساختمان‌های بلند دیدید؟

Did you see tall buildings in this city?

General seeing.

1

محققان رفتار حیوانات را در طبیعت مشاهده نمودند.

Researchers observed animal behavior in nature.

Formal 'namudan' used in a research context.

2

در این گزارش، مشکلات زیادی مشاهده می‌شود.

In this report, many problems are observed.

Passive voice 'moshahede mi-shavad'.

3

ما باید نتایج را با دقت مشاهده نماییم.

We must observe the results carefully.

Subjunctive formal: 'moshahede namayim'.

4

او تغییرات آب و هوا را مشاهده کرده است.

He has observed the weather changes.

Present perfect of 'moshahede kardan'.

5

آیا شما اثرات این دارو را مشاهده نمودید؟

Did you observe the effects of this medicine?

Formal question in a clinical context.

6

روزنامه‌نگاران وضعیت را از نزدیک مشاهده کردند.

Journalists observed the situation from up close.

Journalistic observation.

7

او در طول سفر خود فرهنگ‌های مختلفی را مشاهده نمود.

During his trip, he observed different cultures.

Literary/Formal past tense.

8

من تفاوت‌های زیادی بین این دو شهر مشاهده می‌کنم.

I observe many differences between these two cities.

Intermediate observation.

1

دانشمندان در این آزمایش هیچ واکنشی مشاهده ننمودند.

Scientists observed no reaction in this experiment.

Formal negative past: 'moshahede nanamudand'.

2

در تحلیل نهایی، کاهش تورم مشاهده گردید.

In the final analysis, a decrease in inflation was observed.

Highly formal passive using 'gardid'.

3

بازرسان باید تمام جزئیات را مشاهده نمایند.

Inspectors must observe all details.

Formal modal 'bayad' + present stem.

4

ما در سال گذشته پیشرفت‌های چشمگیری را مشاهده نمودیم.

We observed significant progress last year.

Reporting success in a formal context.

5

او در نوشته‌های خود، فقر را به دقت مشاهده و توصیف نمود.

In his writings, he observed and described poverty carefully.

Literary use of 'moshahede' and 'towsif'.

6

آیا در این منطقه فعالیت‌های غیرقانونی مشاهده شده است؟

Have illegal activities been observed in this area?

Present perfect passive.

7

منجمان پدیده‌ای نادر را در فضا مشاهده نمودند.

Astronomers observed a rare phenomenon in space.

Scientific reporting.

8

با مشاهده نمودن رفتار مشتریان، می‌توانیم خدمات خود را بهبود بخشیم.

By observing customer behavior, we can improve our services.

Gerund-like use of the infinitive.

1

منتقد آثار هنری را از منظر زیبایی‌شناسی مشاهده نمود.

The critic observed the artworks from an aesthetic perspective.

High-level analytical context.

2

در متون تاریخی، این واقعه به گونه‌ای متفاوت مشاهده شده است.

In historical texts, this event has been observed differently.

C1 level passive voice usage.

3

فیلسوف جهان را به عنوان یک کل واحد مشاهده می‌نماید.

The philosopher observes the world as a single whole.

Abstract/Philosophical use.

4

ما در این دوره، تحولی بنیادین در اندیشه بشری مشاهده نمودیم.

In this era, we observed a fundamental transformation in human thought.

Academic/Intellectual history.

5

نویسنده با ظرافت تمام، جزییات زندگی روزمره را مشاهده نموده است.

The author has observed the details of daily life with total subtlety.

Literary appreciation.

6

هیچ‌گونه تناقضی در بیانات شاهد مشاهده نگردید.

No contradiction was observed in the witness's statements.

Formal legal language.

7

جامعه‌شناسان تغییر در ساختار خانواده را مشاهده می‌نمایند.

Sociologists observe a change in the family structure.

Social science formal present.

8

او با نگاهی ژرف، حقایق پنهان را مشاهده نمود.

With a deep gaze, he observed hidden truths.

Metaphorical observation.

1

عارف در خلوت خویش، جلوه‌های حق را مشاهده می‌نماید.

The mystic, in his solitude, observes the manifestations of Truth.

Sufi/Mystical terminology.

2

در این رساله، نگارنده به مشاهده نمودن پدیده‌های فرامادی می‌پردازد.

In this treatise, the writer deals with the observation of metaphysical phenomena.

Highly academic/Archaic style.

3

سیاستمدار با کیاست، جنبش‌های زیرپوستی جامعه را مشاهده نمود.

The astute politician observed the subcutaneous movements of society.

Political metaphor.

4

هرگونه قصور در مشاهده نمودن موازین شرعی عواقب سنگینی دارد.

Any negligence in observing religious standards has heavy consequences.

Legal/Religious formal register.

5

شاعر در آینه، زوال تدریجی خویش را مشاهده می‌نمود.

The poet observed his own gradual decline in the mirror.

Melancholic literary past continuous.

6

ما در این پژوهش، همبستگی معناداری بین متغیرها مشاهده ننمودیم.

In this research, we did not observe a significant correlation between variables.

Advanced statistics in Persian.

7

مشاهده نمودن این حجم از بی‌عدالتی، وجدان هر انسانی را به درد می‌آورد.

Observing this amount of injustice pains the conscience of every human.

Ethical/Formal rhetoric.

8

او به چنان مقامی رسید که ملکوت را مشاهده می‌کرد.

He reached such a station that he would observe the celestial realm.

Classical hagiographic style.

よく使う組み合わせ

با دقت مشاهده نمودن
تغییرات را مشاهده نمودن
از نزدیک مشاهده نمودن
علائم را مشاهده نمودن
رفتار را مشاهده نمودن
نقص فنی مشاهده نمودن
در آزمایشگاه مشاهده نمودن
به وضوح مشاهده نمودن
نتایج را مشاهده نمودن
از دور مشاهده نمودن

よく使うフレーズ

همانطور که مشاهده نمودید

— As you observed/saw (used in presentations).

همانطور که مشاهده نمودید، آمار رو به رشد است.

موردی مشاهده نشد

— Nothing was observed/found (standard medical/legal result).

در معاینات، موردی مشاهده نشد.

قابل مشاهده بودن

— To be observable/visible.

این ستاره با چشم غیرمسلح قابل مشاهده است.

مشاهده عینی

— Objective/Empirical observation.

گزارش بر اساس مشاهده عینی نوشته شده است.

قدرت مشاهده

— Power of observation.

او قدرت مشاهده بالایی دارد.

مشاهده میدانی

— Field observation.

محققان به مشاهده میدانی پرداختند.

مشاهده مستقیم

— Direct observation.

مشاهده مستقیم رفتار حیوانات ضروری است.

پس از مشاهده

— After observing.

پس از مشاهده نتایج، تصمیم گرفتیم.

مشاهده غیرمستقیم

— Indirect observation.

ما از طریق دوربین به مشاهده غیرمستقیم پرداختیم.

مشاهده دقیق

— Close/Precise observation.

این کار نیاز به مشاهده دقیق دارد.

慣用句と表現

"به چشم خود مشاهده کردن"

— To see with one's own eyes (implies certainty).

من این معجزه را به چشم خود مشاهده نمودم.

Emphatic
"در آینه مشاهده کردن"

— To see a reflection of something (often metaphorical).

او آینده را در آینه تاریخ مشاهده نمود.

Literary
"حقایق را مشاهده کردن"

— To see the truth of a matter.

بالاخره او حقایق تلخ را مشاهده نمود.

General
"نور را مشاهده کردن"

— To see the light (often spiritual or realizing a solution).

پس از سال‌ها تاریکی، او نور را مشاهده نمود.

Poetic
"از منظر... مشاهده کردن"

— To observe from the perspective of...

او جهان را از منظر عشق مشاهده می‌نماید.

Intellectual
"در خواب مشاهده کردن"

— To see in a dream (formal).

او پیروزی خود را در خواب مشاهده نمود.

Mystical
"به وضوح مشاهده کردن"

— To see clearly (implies no doubt).

تغییرات به وضوح مشاهده می‌شوند.

Formal
"در خفا مشاهده کردن"

— To observe in secret/stealthily.

او دشمن را در خفا مشاهده می‌نمود.

Formal
"با بصیرت مشاهده کردن"

— To observe with insight/wisdom.

رهبر جامعه باید امور را با بصیرت مشاهده نماید.

Political/Religious
"جلوه‌های زیبایی را مشاهده کردن"

— To observe manifestations of beauty.

در طبیعت می‌توان جلوه‌های زیبایی را مشاهده نمود.

Literary

語族

名詞

مشاهده (observation)
مشاهد (observer - rare)
مشاهدات (observations/findings)

動詞

مشاهده کردن (neutral to observe)
مشاهده شدن (to be observed)

形容詞

مشاهده‌پذیر (observable)
قابل مشاهده (visible/observable)

関連

شاهد (witness)
شهادت (testimony)
شهود (intuition)
مشهد (place of witnessing)
تشهد (religious testimony)
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暗記しよう

記憶術

Imagine a scientist named 'Mosha' who is 'Headed' (moshahede) to a lab to 'Name' (namu-) the things he sees 'Then' (-dan).

視覚的連想

Picture a person in a white lab coat looking through a large telescope at a glowing planet. The word 'MOSHAHEDE' is written on the telescope.

Word Web

Science Eyes Report Formal Attention Witness Study Detail

チャレンジ

Write three sentences about a scientific experiment you would like to conduct, using 'moshahede namudan' in the past, present, and future tenses.

語源

Compound of Arabic 'Mushahada' (verbal noun of shahada, to witness) and Persian 'Namudan'.

元の意味： To witness face-to-face; to see something with one's own eyes.

Afro-Asiatic (Arabic) + Indo-European (Persian).

文化的な背景

None. It is a neutral, professional term.

In English, 'observe' can be casual ('I observed him walking'), but in Persian, 'moshahede namudan' is much more formal than 'observe' usually is in English.

Scientific journals like 'Majalleh-ye Elmi'. Legal documents from the Iranian Ministry of Justice. Classical travelogues like 'Safarnameh' of Nasir Khusraw (though he uses older forms).

実生活で練習する

実際の使用場面

Science/Lab

  • واکنش را مشاهده نمودن
  • تغییر رنگ را مشاهده نمودن
  • زیر میکروسکوپ مشاهده نمودن
  • داده‌ها را مشاهده نمودن

Legal/Police

  • جرم را مشاهده نمودن
  • صحنه را مشاهده نمودن
  • رفتار مشکوک را مشاهده نمودن
  • شاهد عینی مشاهده نمود

Journalism

  • وضعیت را مشاهده نمودن
  • پیشرفت را مشاهده نمودن
  • اعتراضات را مشاهده نمودن
  • گزارشگر مشاهده نمود

Medicine

  • بهبودی را مشاهده نمودن
  • علائم را مشاهده نمودن
  • واکنش بدن را مشاهده نمودن
  • در اسکن مشاهده نمودن

Astronomy

  • سیاره را مشاهده نمودن
  • کسوف را مشاهده نمودن
  • با تلسکوپ مشاهده نمودن
  • پدیده را مشاهده نمودن

会話のきっかけ

"آیا شما در سفر خود به ایران، تفاوت‌های فرهنگی زیادی مشاهده نمودید؟"

"در آزمایش امروز، چه تغییراتی را مشاهده نمودید؟"

"آیا تا به حال یک پدیده نادر طبیعی را از نزدیک مشاهده نموده‌اید؟"

"در گزارش جدید بانک مرکزی، چه روندی در اقتصاد مشاهده نمودید؟"

"به نظر شما، مهم‌ترین تغییری که در نسل جدید مشاهده نموده‌اید چیست؟"

日記のテーマ

امروز در مسیر رفتن به کار، چه رفتارهای جالبی از مردم مشاهده نمودید؟ با جزئیات بنویسید.

یک آزمایش علمی را تصور کنید و مراحلی را که مشاهده نمودید گزارش دهید.

تغییرات محله خود را در ده سال گذشته چگونه مشاهده می‌نمایید؟

اگر می‌توانستید به گذشته سفر کنید، کدام واقعه تاریخی را دوست داشتید از نزدیک مشاهده نمایید؟

در مورد یک اثر هنری که اخیراً مشاهده نموده‌اید و تاثیری که بر شما گذاشت بنویسید.

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