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B1 adverb 10分で読める

مشترکاً

moshtarakan
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解説 مشترکاً in your Level:
At the A1 level, you usually learn the word 'با هم' (ba ham) to say 'together'. The word 'مشترکاً' (moshtarekan) might look scary because of the special marks at the end. For now, just remember that it is a very fancy way of saying 'together' that grown-ups use in offices or on the news. If you see a word ending in 'اً' (an), it is often an adverb telling you *how* something is done. In this case, it means two or more people are doing a job together as partners. You don't need to use it yet, but recognizing it will help you understand formal Persian signs or news headlines.
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As an A2 learner, you are starting to see more formal words. 'مشترکاً' is the adverb form of 'مشترک' (shared). Think of 'مشترک' like a 'shared' folder on a computer. When you add the 'an' sound at the end, it becomes 'jointly'. You will see this word in simple news stories about two countries working together. It is different from 'ba ham' because 'ba ham' is for friends, while 'مشترکاً' is for organizations or official partners. Try to recognize the root 'sh-r-k' which is also in 'sherkat' (company). This will help you remember that it's a 'business' kind of together.
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At the B1 level, you should start using 'مشترکاً' in your writing. This is the target level for this word. You need it to describe collaborative projects, joint responsibilities, and formal agreements. When you write an essay about teamwork or a formal letter to a colleague, 'مشترکاً' makes your Persian sound more professional. It shows you understand the 'tanvin' suffix, which is a key part of intermediate Persian grammar. Remember: 'مشترکاً' is an adverb. Use it to modify verbs. For example: 'They jointly (مشترکاً) decided to start a company.' This level is about moving away from basic words and using more precise, formal vocabulary.
For B2 learners, 'مشترکاً' is a standard part of your vocabulary. You should be able to distinguish it from similar adverbs like 'متفقاً' (unanimously) and 'منفرداً' (individually). You will encounter 'مشترکاً' in complex texts about economics, law, and politics. At this level, you should also be familiar with the phrase 'به طور مشترک', which is a common alternative. You should understand the legal implications of the word in a contract—that 'jointly' implies shared responsibility. Practice using it in debates or formal presentations to emphasize collective action over individual effort.
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At the C1 level, you are exploring the nuances of Persian legal and academic prose. 'مشترکاً' appears in sophisticated contexts, often paired with other legal terms like 'متضامناً' (severally). You should understand how this word functions in the 'Fiqh' (Islamic jurisprudence) and modern Iranian law. You will notice it in the preambles of international treaties and in the methodology sections of high-level academic papers. At this stage, you should be able to use the word with perfect native-like flow, knowing exactly when the formal register of 'مشترکاً' is required versus the more descriptive 'به صورت اشتراکی'.
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As a C2 learner, you have mastered the stylistic weight of 'مشترکاً'. You can use it to create specific rhetorical effects in formal speeches or literary analysis. You understand its etymological roots and how the 'tanvin' adverbs entered Persian from Arabic to fulfill the need for precise administrative language. You can analyze how its usage has evolved in Iranian media over the decades. In a professional capacity, such as translation or high-level diplomacy, you use 'مشترکاً' to ensure there is no ambiguity in the shared nature of an obligation or a statement. You are also aware of its synonyms in classical Persian literature, though 'مشترکاً' remains the modern standard.
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مشترکاً 30秒で

  • Formal adverb meaning 'jointly' or 'together'.
  • Used in business, law, and news contexts.
  • Derived from the Arabic root for sharing (sh-r-k).
  • Pronounced with an 'an' sound at the end.

The Persian word مشترکاً (moshtarekan) is a formal adverb that translates to 'jointly', 'commonly', or 'together with others'. It is derived from the Arabic root 'sh-r-k' (ش-ر-ک), which relates to partnership, sharing, and association. In Persian grammar, the addition of the 'tanvin' suffix (اً) transforms the adjective 'moshtarak' (shared) into an adverb. This word is essential for learners moving into the B1 level because it marks a transition from basic conversational Persian to more formal, professional, and legal registers. While a beginner might use the phrase 'با هم' (ba ham) for 'together', an intermediate learner uses 'مشترکاً' to describe actions performed in a structured partnership or shared capacity.

Legal Context
In legal documents, 'مشترکاً' is used to define joint ownership or liability. For instance, if two people own a property, they own it 'مشترکاً'. It implies that the rights and responsibilities are not divided but held as a single unit by multiple parties.

این سند توسط هر دو طرف مشترکاً امضا شد.

Translation: This document was signed jointly by both parties.

The nuance of 'مشترکاً' lies in its formality. You would rarely hear this word in a casual setting like a kitchen or a playground. Instead, you encounter it in news reports concerning international relations (e.g., 'The two nations jointly declared...'), academic research (e.g., 'The study was conducted jointly by two universities...'), and business operations. It suggests a level of premeditated cooperation that 'ba ham' does not necessarily convey. When you use this word, you are signaling that the cooperation is official, documented, or significant in scope.

Academic and Professional Use
When authors write a book together, they are 'مشترکاً' responsible for its content. In a professional email, if you want to emphasize that a decision was made by the whole team, using this adverb adds a layer of professionalism and collective accountability.

آن‌ها مشترکاً برای حل این مشکل تلاش کردند.

Translation: They worked jointly to solve this problem.

Culturally, the concept of 'moshtarek' is deeply embedded in Iranian social structures. From 'sofreh' (shared meals) to 'vaghf' (charitable endowments), the idea of doing things for the common good or in partnership is a core value. However, 'مشترکاً' specifically targets the formalization of these actions. It is the language of the 'edareh' (office) and the 'dadgah' (court). Understanding this word allows a learner to navigate Persian bureaucracy and high-level discourse more effectively. It is a bridge between the personal 'we' and the institutional 'we'.

Grammatical Placement
In a sentence, 'مشترکاً' usually appears before the verb or immediately after the subject. It acts as a modifier for the entire action, indicating that the 'togetherness' is the primary mode of the verb's execution.

پروژه مشترکاً توسط دو شرکت اجرا می‌شود.

ما مشترکاً صاحب این مغازه هستیم.

Using 'مشترکاً' correctly requires an understanding of sentence flow and register. Because it is an adverb of manner, it describes *how* an action is performed. In Persian syntax, adverbs are quite flexible, but for 'مشترکاً', placing it before the verb is the most standard and clear approach. This section explores its application across different domains such as business, law, and collaborative arts.

Domain: Business Partnerships
When two companies enter a joint venture, every action they take is done 'مشترکاً'. Example: 'The investment was provided jointly by the partners.'

سرمایه‌گذاری مشترکاً توسط شرکا انجام شد.

In academic writing, 'مشترکاً' is used to attribute work to multiple researchers. This is crucial for avoiding plagiarism and correctly identifying the scope of a study. If a paper has five authors, they have researched the topic 'jointly'. This usage emphasizes the collective intellectual effort.

این مقاله مشترکاً توسط اساتید دانشگاه تهران و شیراز نوشته شده است.

Translation: This article was written jointly by professors from Tehran and Shiraz Universities.
Domain: International Relations
Diplomatic statements often use this word to show solidarity. 'The two presidents jointly condemned the violence.' Here, 'مشترکاً' adds a sense of official weight to the condemnation.

دو کشور مشترکاً بیانیه‌ای صادر کردند.

In civil law, 'مشترکاً' helps define shared liability. If two tenants are responsible for rent, they are responsible 'jointly'. This means the landlord can seek the full amount from either or both. The precision of this word is why it is so common in the 'vakil' (lawyer) vocabulary.

مستاجران مشترکاً مسئول پرداخت اجاره هستند.

Domain: Family and Inheritance
When a father leaves a house to his children, they own it 'مشترکاً' until the inheritance is formally divided. This state of shared ownership is often referred to as 'mal-e moshtarak'.

وراث مشترکاً در ملک سهیم هستند.

Finally, in the arts, 'مشترکاً' describes collaborations. A movie directed by two people or a song composed by a duo is described as being made 'مشترکاً'. It highlights that neither person is the sole creator, but the work is a product of their combined effort.

To truly master 'مشترکاً', you must know where it lives in the real world. This is not a word you will hear at the fruit market (unless the fruit sellers have a very formal business agreement!). Instead, 'مشترکاً' is the language of the 'khabar' (news), the 'ghardad' (contract), and the 'konferans' (conference). If you turn on IRIB News or read a Persian newspaper like 'Etelaat', you will see this word frequently.

In the News
News anchors use 'مشترکاً' when reporting on international maneuvers or multi-national space missions. 'Iran and Russia jointly conducted naval exercises.' Here, the word emphasizes the strategic partnership between the nations.

رزمایش نظامی مشترکاً توسط نیروهای دریایی انجام شد.

In the corporate world, during board meetings or annual reports, 'مشترکاً' is the standard way to describe collective decision-making. If the board of directors agrees on a new policy, they have decided 'مشترکاً'. This terminology protects individuals by emphasizing that the decision belongs to the entity as a whole.

هیئت مدیره مشترکاً بر سر سیاست‌های جدید توافق کردند.

Translation: The board of directors jointly agreed on the new policies.
In Legal Proceedings
Inside a Persian courtroom, a judge might rule that two defendants are 'مشترکاً و متضامناً' (jointly and severally) liable for damages. This is a very specific legal phrase where 'مشترکاً' is the first component, indicating shared fault.

You will also find 'مشترکاً' in the world of philanthropy and non-governmental organizations (NGOs). When multiple charities launch a campaign, they do it 'مشترکاً'. This signals to the public that the cause is larger than any single organization. It builds trust through the appearance of a united front.

خیریه‌ها مشترکاً برای کمک به زلزله‌زدگان فراخوان دادند.

In Technology and Open Source
In the modern era, Persian tech blogs use 'مشترکاً' to describe collaborative software development. If a group of developers contributes to a project on GitHub, they are working 'مشترکاً' on the code.

برنامه‌نویسان مشترکاً روی این نرم‌افزار کار می‌کنند.

In summary, 'مشترکاً' is the word of institutions. It is used whenever the 'who' of an action involves more than one person or entity acting in a formal, unified capacity. By listening for it in news broadcasts and reading it in formal letters, you will quickly grasp the specific contexts where it is indispensable.

Learning 'مشترکاً' involves avoiding several pitfalls that English speakers often fall into due to the differences between English adverbs and Persian 'tanvin' adverbs. The most common mistake is using 'مشترکاً' in a casual conversation. If you say to a friend, 'Let's eat lunch jointly,' using 'مشترکاً', it will sound extremely strange and overly formal, almost as if you are proposing a legal contract for a sandwich.

Mistake 1: Misusing Register
Confusion: Using 'مشترکاً' instead of 'با هم' (ba ham) or 'دوتایی' (dotayi) in daily life. Correction: Use 'با هم' for friends and family; save 'مشترکاً' for business and law.

Incorrect: بیایید مشترکاً به سینما برویم.

Correct: بیایید با هم به سینما برویم. (Let's go to the movies together.)

Another frequent error involves the pronunciation of the 'tanvin'. Many students forget to pronounce the final 'n' sound. They might say 'moshtareka' instead of 'moshtarekan'. In Persian, the 'اً' suffix specifically dictates an 'an' sound. Omitting the 'n' can make the word unrecognizable or sound like an incomplete adjective.

Mistake 2: Adverb vs. Adjective
Confusion: Using 'مشترکاً' to describe a noun. Example: 'A joint project'. Correction: Use the adjective 'مشترک' for nouns. 'پروژه مشترک' (Joint project). Use 'مشترکاً' only for the action (verb).

Correct: آن‌ها پروژه را مشترکاً مدیریت کردند. (They managed the project jointly.)

A third mistake is redundant usage. Since 'مشترکاً' already implies 'together', using it with 'با هم' in the same sentence is often unnecessary and clunky. For example, 'Ba ham moshtarekan' is repetitive. Choose one based on the level of formality you wish to achieve.

Mistake 3: Redundancy
Redundant: ما با هم مشترکاً روی این کار کردیم. Better: ما مشترکاً روی این کار کردیم.

پلیس و ارتش مشترکاً عملیات را انجام دادند.

Finally, watch out for the 'ezafe' construction. Beginners often try to attach 'مشترکاً' to a noun using an ezafe (e.g., 'kar-e moshtarekan'). This is grammatically impossible. Adverbs do not take ezafe. If you need to describe a noun, you must revert to the adjective form 'مشترک'. Mastering these distinctions will ensure your Persian sounds natural and grammatically precise in professional settings.

To enrich your Persian vocabulary, it is helpful to compare 'مشترکاً' with its synonyms and related terms. While 'مشترکاً' is the most standard formal adverb for 'jointly', there are other ways to express similar ideas depending on whether you are being poetic, legalistic, or casual. Understanding these alternatives allows you to choose the exact 'flavor' of cooperation you want to describe.

1. با هم (Ba ham)
Comparison: This is the most common and versatile way to say 'together'. It is used in 90% of daily conversations. Unlike 'مشترکاً', it carries no formal or legal weight. Use it for friends, family, and simple actions like 'walking together'.

ما با هم چای خوردیم. (We drank tea together.)

2. متفقاً (Muttafeghan)
Comparison: This also uses the 'tanvin' suffix and means 'unanimously' or 'in agreement'. While 'مشترکاً' focus on the *action* being shared, 'متفقاً' focuses on the *opinion* or *decision* being shared. They are often used together in high-level committees.

شورای امنیت متفقاً قطعنامه را تصویب کرد. (The Security Council unanimously passed the resolution.)

3. دسته‌جمعی (Daste-jam'i)
Comparison: This means 'collectively' or 'as a group'. It is often used for social or cultural activities, like a group prayer or a collective protest. It feels more 'human' and 'populist' than the institutional 'مشترکاً'.

مردم دسته‌جمعی سرود ملی را خواندند. (The people sang the national anthem collectively.)

In summary, choose 'مشترکاً' for formal partnerships and legal sharing, 'با هم' for everyday togetherness, 'متفقاً' for unanimous decisions, and 'دسته‌جمعی' for group actions involving many people. By distinguishing between these, you will show a high level of linguistic sophistication and cultural awareness.

How Formal Is It?

豆知識

The root Sh-R-K is the same root used for 'Sherkat' (Company). So when you use 'moshtarekan', you are literally acting like a 'company' of people.

発音ガイド

UK /moʃ.tæ.re.kæn/
US /moʊʃ.tæ.re.kæn/
The primary stress is on the last syllable: mosh-ta-re-KAN.
韻が合う語
مثلاً (masalan) عملاً (amalan) تقریباً (taghriban) اتفاقاً (ettefaghan) احتمالاً (ehtemalan) شخصاً (shakhsan) قطعاً (ghat'an) واقعاً (vaghe'an)
よくある間違い
  • Pronouncing it as 'moshtareka' (missing the final 'n').
  • Putting the stress on the first syllable.
  • Confusing the 'sh' sound with 's'.
  • Making the 'a' in 'kan' too long like 'kaaan'.
  • Pronouncing the 't' too softly.

難易度

読解 3/5

Easy to recognize because of the distinctive 'tanvin' ending.

ライティング 4/5

Requires understanding of when to use formal versus informal registers.

スピーキング 5/5

The 'an' sound at the end can be tricky for beginners to remember.

リスニング 3/5

Common in news and formal audio, usually pronounced clearly.

次に学ぶべきこと

前提知識

با هم (Together) شرکت (Company) کار کردن (To work) دوست (Friend) گروه (Group)

次に学ぶ

متضامناً (Severally/Jointly liability) انفراداً (Individually) ائتلاف (Coalition) تفاهم‌نامه (Memorandum of understanding) حقوقی (Legal)

上級

مشاع (Jointly owned/undivided property) تضامن (Solidarity/Joint liability) مشارکت مدنی (Civil partnership) کنسرسیوم (Consortium) وحدت رویه (Unity of procedure)

知っておくべき文法

Tanvin Adverbs

Words like مشترکاً, واقعاً, and احتمالاً use the Arabic tanvin to function as adverbs in Persian.

Adverb Placement

Adverbs like مشترکاً usually come before the verb or after the subject for emphasis.

Formal vs Informal Register

Use 'ba ham' in speech, but 'moshtarekan' in formal writing.

Adjective to Adverb Transformation

Adding 'an' to 'moshtarek' (shared) makes it 'moshtarekan' (jointly).

Passive Voice with Adverbs

In 'Project moshtarekan anjam shod', the adverb modifies the whole passive phrase.

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レベル別の例文

1

ما مشترکاً کار می‌کنیم.

We work jointly.

Simple subject + adverb + verb.

2

آن‌ها مشترکاً غذا می‌خورند.

They eat commonly (together).

Note that 'ba ham' is more common here, but 'moshtarekan' is possible in a formal description.

3

این اتاق مشترکاً استفاده می‌شود.

This room is used jointly.

Passive construction with 'shodan'.

4

ما مشترکاً کتاب می‌خوانیم.

We read books together/jointly.

Adverb modifying the action of reading.

5

آن دو نفر مشترکاً برنده شدند.

Those two people won jointly.

Use of 'moshtarekan' to describe a shared victory.

6

این باغ مشترکاً مال ماست.

This garden is jointly ours.

Adverbial use describing ownership.

7

آن‌ها مشترکاً تصمیم گرفتند.

They decided jointly.

Past tense 'tasmim gereftan'.

8

ما مشترکاً بازی می‌کنیم.

We play jointly.

Simple present 'bazi mikonim'.

1

دو شرکت مشترکاً یک کارخانه ساختند.

Two companies jointly built a factory.

Formal adverb used for corporate action.

2

والدین مشترکاً از کودک مراقبت می‌کنند.

Parents jointly care for the child.

Describing shared responsibility.

3

این دو نویسنده مشترکاً کتاب را نوشتند.

These two authors jointly wrote the book.

Common academic/literary usage.

4

ما مشترکاً هزینه سفر را پرداختیم.

We jointly paid the travel costs.

Financial cooperation.

5

آن‌ها مشترکاً در یک آپارتمان زندگی می‌کنند.

They live jointly in one apartment.

Describing a shared living arrangement.

6

دو تیم مشترکاً تمرین کردند.

Two teams practiced jointly.

Collaborative action.

7

این زمین مشترکاً متعلق به دو برادر است.

This land jointly belongs to two brothers.

Legal ownership context.

8

آن‌ها مشترکاً برای امتحان درس خواندند.

They studied jointly for the exam.

Shared effort.

1

ایران و ترکیه مشترکاً مرزها را کنترل می‌کنند.

Iran and Turkey jointly control the borders.

Diplomatic/Political register.

2

پروژه تحقیقاتی مشترکاً توسط دو دانشگاه اجرا شد.

The research project was jointly executed by two universities.

Passive voice 'ejra shod'.

3

طرفین قرارداد مشترکاً مسئول خسارات هستند.

The parties to the contract are jointly responsible for damages.

Legal liability context.

4

این بیانیه مشترکاً صادر شده است.

This statement has been issued jointly.

Present perfect tense.

5

ما باید مشترکاً برای حفظ محیط زیست تلاش کنیم.

We must jointly strive to protect the environment.

Modal verb 'bayad' + subjunctive.

6

سرمایه‌گذاران مشترکاً ریسک پروژه را پذیرفتند.

The investors jointly accepted the project risk.

Formal business usage.

7

این نرم‌افزار مشترکاً توسط تیم‌های فنی توسعه یافته است.

This software has been jointly developed by technical teams.

Compound verb 'tose'e yaftan'.

8

آن‌ها مشترکاً خانه‌ای را در شمال خریدند.

They jointly bought a house in the north.

Shared asset acquisition.

1

کشورهای منطقه مشترکاً با تروریسم مبارزه می‌کنند.

Regional countries are jointly fighting terrorism.

Political/Security context.

2

این طرح مشترکاً از سوی وزارتخانه‌های بهداشت و آموزش مطرح شد.

This plan was jointly proposed by the Ministries of Health and Education.

Institutional collaboration.

3

هنرمندان مشترکاً نمایشگاهی را برگزار کردند.

Artists jointly held an exhibition.

Cultural collaboration.

4

بانک‌ها مشترکاً وام بزرگی به این صنعت اختصاص دادند.

Banks jointly allocated a large loan to this industry.

Financial consortium usage.

5

این دو فیلسوف مشترکاً بر روی این نظریه کار کرده‌اند.

These two philosophers have jointly worked on this theory.

Intellectual partnership.

6

سازمان‌های بین‌المللی مشترکاً به پناهندگان کمک می‌کنند.

International organizations are jointly helping refugees.

Humanitarian context.

7

شهرداری و پلیس مشترکاً ترافیک را مدیریت می‌کنند.

The municipality and police jointly manage the traffic.

Public administration.

8

این جایزه مشترکاً به دو دانشمند اعطا شد.

This prize was jointly awarded to two scientists.

Formal recognition.

1

مستاجران در قبال موجر مشترکاً و متضامناً مسئول هستند.

Tenants are jointly and severally responsible to the landlord.

Highly technical legal terminology.

2

این ائتلاف مشترکاً برای تغییر قوانین انتخاباتی تلاش می‌کند.

This coalition is jointly striving to change electoral laws.

Political activism register.

3

منابع طبیعی باید مشترکاً توسط تمام نسل‌ها حفظ شوند.

Natural resources must be jointly preserved by all generations.

Philosophical/Environmental ethics.

4

دو ابرقدرت مشترکاً برای کاهش تسلیحات هسته‌ای توافق کردند.

The two superpowers jointly agreed to reduce nuclear weapons.

Geopolitical history context.

5

این میراث فرهنگی مشترکاً به تمام بشریت تعلق دارد.

This cultural heritage jointly belongs to all of humanity.

UNESCO/Global heritage register.

6

پژوهشگران مشترکاً به این نتیجه رسیدند که فرضیه اشتباه بوده است.

Researchers jointly concluded that the hypothesis was wrong.

Scientific consensus.

7

این سند مشترکاً توسط نمایندگان پارلمان تدوین شد.

This document was jointly drafted by members of parliament.

Legislative process.

8

شرکت‌های تابعه مشترکاً در سود و زیان سهیم هستند.

Subsidiary companies jointly share in profits and losses.

Corporate finance.

1

حاکمیت ملی مشترکاً ناشی از اراده تمام آحاد ملت است.

National sovereignty jointly stems from the will of all individuals of the nation.

Constitutional law register.

2

این دو مکتب فکری مشترکاً بر اهمیت عقلانیت تاکید دارند.

These two schools of thought jointly emphasize the importance of rationality.

Comparative philosophy.

3

مسئولیت مدنی مشترکاً بر عهده مسببان حادثه است.

Civil liability rests jointly upon the causes of the accident.

Tort law precision.

4

این اثر هنری مشترکاً تجسمی از رنج و امید است.

This artwork is jointly an embodiment of suffering and hope.

Art criticism register.

5

کشورهای عضو مشترکاً متعهد به اجرای پروتکل‌های زیست‌محیطی هستند.

Member states are jointly committed to implementing environmental protocols.

International law commitment.

6

این نظریه مشترکاً از منظر جامعه‌شناسی و روان‌شناسی قابل بررسی است.

This theory is jointly examinable from the perspectives of sociology and psychology.

Interdisciplinary academia.

7

حقوق مالکیت فکری مشترکاً برای پدیدآورندگان محفوظ است.

Intellectual property rights are jointly reserved for the creators.

Copyright law.

8

فضای ماورای جو مشترکاً به عنوان میراث مشترک بشریت شناخته می‌شود.

Outer space is jointly recognized as the common heritage of mankind.

Space law/Global commons.

よく使う組み合わせ

مشترکاً امضا کردن
مشترکاً تصمیم گرفتن
مشترکاً مسئول بودن
مشترکاً مدیریت کردن
مشترکاً منتشر کردن
مشترکاً مالک بودن
مشترکاً اقدام کردن
مشترکاً توافق کردن
مشترکاً سرمایه‌گذاری کردن
مشترکاً اجرا کردن

よく使うフレーズ

مسئولیت مشترکاً و متضامناً

— Joint and several liability. A standard legal phrase.

در این قرارداد، مسئولیت مشترکاً و متضامناً است.

به صورت مشترکاً

— A slightly redundant but common way to say 'in a joint manner'.

آن‌ها به صورت مشترکاً کار می‌کنند.

بیانیه مشترکاً صادر شد

— The statement was issued jointly. Common in news.

بیانیه مشترکاً از سوی دو دولت صادر شد.

مشترکاً ذینفع بودن

— To be jointly beneficial/interested parties.

ما مشترکاً در این پروژه ذینفع هستیم.

مشترکاً بهره‌برداری کردن

— To exploit or use something jointly (like a resource).

دو کشور از میدان نفتی مشترکاً بهره‌برداری می‌کنند.

مشترکاً متعهد شدن

— To be jointly committed or obligated.

ما مشترکاً متعهد به انجام این کار هستیم.

مشترکاً فراخوان دادن

— To issue a joint call or appeal.

هنرمندان مشترکاً فراخوان دادند.

مشترکاً نظارت کردن

— To supervise or monitor jointly.

دو سازمان مشترکاً بر انتخابات نظارت می‌کنند.

مشترکاً تدوین کردن

— To draft or compile jointly.

آیین‌نامه مشترکاً تدوین شد.

مشترکاً مقابله کردن

— To confront or tackle something jointly.

باید مشترکاً با بحران مقابله کنیم.

よく混同される語

مشترکاً vs مشترک

This is the adjective (shared). Use it before nouns. Use 'moshtarekan' only as an adverb for actions.

مشترکاً vs شراکت

This is the noun (partnership). You cannot use it as an adverb.

مشترکاً vs متفقاً

Means 'unanimously'. Use it when everyone agrees. Use 'moshtarekan' when everyone does the work.

慣用句と表現

"یک دست صدا ندارد"

— One hand makes no sound. This idiom emphasizes the need for joint action (moshtarekan).

باید مشترکاً کار کنیم چون یک دست صدا ندارد.

General/Informal
"هم‌سنگر بودن"

— To be in the same trench. Implies acting jointly in a struggle.

ما در این مسیر مشترکاً هم‌سنگر هستیم.

Figurative/Formal
"در یک کشتی بودن"

— To be in the same boat. Implies joint fate and action.

ما مشترکاً در یک کشتی هستیم و باید با هم تلاش کنیم.

General
"هم‌پیمان شدن"

— To become allies. Leads to acting jointly.

آن‌ها برای پیروزی مشترکاً هم‌پیمان شدند.

Formal/Historical
"دست به دست هم دادن"

— To join hands. The idiomatic way to say 'acting jointly'.

بیایید دست به دست هم دهیم و مشترکاً شهر را بسازیم.

Neutral
"هم‌کاسه شدن"

— To share a bowl. Often used for shared finances or living.

آن‌ها در تجارت مشترکاً هم‌کاسه شدند.

Informal/Old-fashioned
"هم‌داستان بودن"

— To be on the same page/story. Implies joint intent.

ما در این تصمیم مشترکاً هم‌داستان هستیم.

Literary
"هم‌سفره بودن"

— Sharing a table. Implies deep joint bond.

ما سال‌هاست که مشترکاً هم‌سفره هستیم.

Cultural/Emotional
"گره گشایی مشترک"

— Jointly untying a knot. Solving a problem together.

باید برای گره گشایی مشترکاً اقدام کنیم.

Figurative
"هم‌آوا شدن"

— Becoming one voice. Acting/speaking jointly.

همه مشترکاً هم‌آوا شدند.

Poetic

間違えやすい

مشترکاً vs شریک

Both share the root Sh-R-K.

'Sharik' is a person (partner), while 'moshtarekan' is how they act (jointly).

شریک من و من مشترکاً کار می‌کنیم.

مشترکاً vs مشارکت

Both relate to sharing.

'Mosharekat' is the act of participating (noun), while 'moshtarekan' is an adverb.

مشارکت ما باعث شد مشترکاً برنده شویم.

مشترکاً vs اشتراک

Both relate to commonality.

'Eshterak' often means a subscription (like Netflix) or a commonality between things.

ما اشتراک مجله را مشترکاً خریدیم.

مشترکاً vs تؤاماً

Both mean 'together'.

'Tؤam' implies being coupled or simultaneous; 'moshtarekan' implies shared agency.

این دو دارو را نباید تؤاماً مصرف کرد.

مشترکاً vs همزمان

Both imply things happening at once.

'Hamzaman' means 'at the same time' (chronological), 'moshtarekan' means 'jointly' (agency).

آن‌ها همزمان و مشترکاً حمله کردند.

文型パターン

B1

[Subject A] و [Subject B] مشترکاً [Verb].

من و دوستم مشترکاً کار می‌کنیم.

B1

[Object] مشترکاً توسط [Agent] [Verb].

خانه مشترکاً توسط ما خریداری شد.

B2

طرفین بر سر [Topic] مشترکاً توافق کردند.

طرفین بر سر قیمت مشترکاً توافق کردند.

B2

این [Noun] مشترکاً به [Person] تعلق دارد.

این زمین مشترکاً به ورثه تعلق دارد.

C1

مسئولیت [Action] مشترکاً بر عهده [Group] است.

مسئولیت اجرا مشترکاً بر عهده تیم است.

C1

اقدام [Adjective] مشترکاً صورت گرفت.

اقدام نظامی مشترکاً صورت گرفت.

C2

تحقق [Goal] مستلزم تلاش مشترکاً است.

تحقق صلح مستلزم تلاش مشترکاً است.

C2

مشترکاً و متضامناً در قبال [Issue] مسئول می‌باشند.

آن‌ها مشترکاً و متضامناً در قبال بدهی مسئول می‌باشند.

語族

名詞

اشتراک (eshterak) - participation/subscription
شرکت (sherkat) - company/partnership
شریک (sharik) - partner
مشارکت (mosharekat) - involvement

動詞

شرکت کردن (sherkat kardan) - to participate
اشتراک داشتن (eshterak dashtan) - to have in common
به اشتراک گذاشتن (be eshterak gozashtan) - to share

形容詞

مشترک (moshtarek) - shared/common
اشتراکی (eshteraki) - communal

関連

شراکت (sherakat) - partnership business
مشرک (moshrek) - polytheist (religious context)
شورای (showraye) - council
همکاری (hamkari) - cooperation
تعامل (ta'amol) - interaction
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使い方

frequency

High in formal/written Persian; Low in spoken Persian.

よくある間違い
  • Using 'مشترکاً' as an adjective. → پروژه مشترک (Joint project)

    You cannot say 'پروژه مشترکاً'. Use the adjective form 'مشترک' for nouns.

  • Pronouncing it 'moshtareka'. → moshtarekan

    The 'tanvin' (اً) must always end with an 'n' sound in Persian.

  • Using it in very casual settings. → با هم (Ba ham)

    It sounds overly formal and robotic in daily conversation with friends.

  • Misplacing it after the verb. → آن‌ها مشترکاً تصمیم گرفتند.

    While Persian word order is flexible, adverbs usually precede the verb in formal writing.

  • Confusing it with 'متفقاً'. → مشترکاً (Jointly) vs متفقاً (Unanimously)

    You can work jointly but not agree unanimously. Make sure you use the right nuance.

ヒント

Adverbial Suffix

Remember that the 'an' sound comes from the 'tanvin' (اً). This is a common pattern for formal Persian adverbs.

Professionalism

Use 'مشترکاً' in your resume or cover letter when describing team projects to sound more sophisticated.

Root Recognition

If you see 'Sh-R-K', think 'sharing'. This will help you guess the meaning of many related words.

Register Awareness

If you use this word in a cafe, Iranians might think you are a lawyer or joking. Context is key!

Legal Precision

In legal writing, 'مشترکاً' is often paired with 'متضامناً' to cover all bases of liability.

News Cues

When you hear 'moshtarekan' on the news, get ready to hear about two governments or organizations.

The 'An' Rule

Associate the ending '-an' with the English '-ly'. It works for many Persian adverbs (e.g., Shakhsan = Personally).

Shared Values

Iranians value 'Kherad-e Jam'i' (collective wisdom). 'Moshtarekan' is the formal way to describe this.

Visual Alef

Even if the two strokes are missing, a final Alef on a word like 'moshtarek' usually indicates the adverbial form.

Avoid Redundancy

Don't say 'Ba ham moshtarekan'. It's like saying 'Together jointly'. Pick one.

暗記しよう

記憶術

Think of 'Mosh' (like a mosh pit where everyone is together) + 'Tarek' (like a track) + 'An' (the adverb ending). Everyone is on the same track in the mosh pit jointly!

視覚的連想

Visualize two hands holding the same pen to sign a document. This is the essence of 'moshtarekan'.

Word Web

Sherkat (Company) Sharik (Partner) Eshterak (Subscription) Moshtarek (Common) Hamkari (Cooperation) Gharardad (Contract) Sarmaye (Capital) Tasmim (Decision)

チャレンジ

Try to write three sentences about a business deal using 'مشترکاً' and 'شریک'. For example: 'My partner and I jointly (مشترکاً) opened a cafe.'

語源

Derived from the Arabic root Sh-R-K (ش ر ك), which means 'to share' or 'to be a partner'. Persian adopted this root and added the 'tanvin' suffix (اً) to create the adverb.

元の意味： The original Arabic sense implies 'associating' or 'making someone a partner'.

Semitic root (Arabic) with Persian morphological suffix (Tanvin).

文化的な背景

Be careful not to use 'moshtarekan' when describing personal emotional bonds, as it can sound too transactional or robotic.

English speakers often use 'together' for both formal and informal settings. In Persian, you must switch to 'moshtarekan' to sound professional.

The 'Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action' (JCPOA) is often discussed in Persian news using the word 'moshtarek'. Joint military drills (Razmayesh-e Moshtarek) are a common news headline. Shared heritage sites are described as 'Miras-e Moshtarek'.

実生活で練習する

実際の使用場面

Business Contracts

  • سود مشترکاً تقسیم می‌شود.
  • شرکا مشترکاً تصمیم می‌گیرند.
  • هزینه‌ها مشترکاً پرداخت می‌شود.
  • مدیریت مشترکاً انجام می‌گردد.

International News

  • بیانیه مشترکاً صادر شد.
  • رزمایش مشترکاً برگزار شد.
  • دو کشور مشترکاً محکوم کردند.
  • توافق مشترکاً امضا شد.

Real Estate

  • ملک مشترکاً خریداری شد.
  • سند مشترکاً به نام شد.
  • اجاره مشترکاً پرداخت می‌شود.
  • تعمیرات مشترکاً انجام می‌گیرد.

Academic Research

  • مقاله مشترکاً تالیف شد.
  • پژوهش مشترکاً انجام گرفت.
  • داده‌ها مشترکاً تحلیل شدند.
  • نتایج مشترکاً ارائه شد.

Family/Legal

  • ارث مشترکاً تقسیم می‌شود.
  • حضانت مشترکاً بر عهده است.
  • خانه مشترکاً فروخته شد.
  • بدهی مشترکاً پرداخت می‌گردد.

会話のきっかけ

"آیا این پروژه را مشترکاً با تیم دیگری انجام می‌دهید؟ (Are you doing this project jointly with another team?)"

"چگونه می‌توانیم مشترکاً روی این مشکل کار کنیم؟ (How can we work jointly on this problem?)"

"آیا این سند باید مشترکاً توسط همه امضا شود؟ (Should this document be signed jointly by everyone?)"

"نظر شما درباره سرمایه‌گذاری مشترکاً در این بازار چیست؟ (What is your opinion on investing jointly in this market?)"

"کدام سازمان‌ها مشترکاً این برنامه را برگزار می‌کنند؟ (Which organizations are jointly holding this program?)"

日記のテーマ

درباره زمانی بنویسید که مجبور بودید با کسی مشترکاً تصمیمی بگیرید. (Write about a time you had to make a decision jointly with someone.)

مزایای کار کردن مشترکاً در یک تیم چیست؟ (What are the benefits of working jointly in a team?)

آیا ترجیح می‌دهید مالکیت چیزی را مشترکاً داشته باشید یا منفرداً؟ چرا؟ (Do you prefer to own something jointly or individually? Why?)

چگونه کشورهای همسایه می‌توانند مشترکاً از محیط زیست محافظت کنند؟ (How can neighboring countries jointly protect the environment?)

یک قرارداد فرضی بنویسید که در آن دو نفر مشترکاً یک مغازه را اداره می‌کنند. (Write a hypothetical contract where two people jointly run a shop.)

よくある質問

10 問

Technically yes, but it sounds very strange. It's like saying 'We jointly attended the cinema' in English. Use 'ba ham' instead.

On most Persian keyboards, it's Shift + Q or Shift + W. If you can't find it, just writing the Alef (ا) is often understood in informal typing, though incorrect.

It's a Persian word constructed from an Arabic root (Sh-R-K) and an Arabic adverbial suffix (tanvin). It is fully integrated into Persian.

There is no difference in meaning. 'Moshtarekan' is slightly more concise and formal, while 'be towr-e moshtarek' is more common in modern prose.

Not necessarily. It means the action is joint, but the specific shares (like 70/30) would be specified elsewhere in a contract.

Yes, it can be used for any number of people, companies, or nations acting together.

Rarely. Poets prefer more evocative words like 'hamrah' or 'hamgam'. 'Moshtarekan' is too 'bureaucratic' for most poetry.

Yes, for emphasis. E.g., 'مشترکاً تصمیم گرفتیم...' (Jointly, we decided...).

No, but you can use 'شرکت کردن' (to participate) or 'شراکت داشتن' (to have a partnership).

No. 'Omumi' means public. 'Moshtarekan' means shared by specific parties.

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自分をテスト 180 問

writing

Write a sentence: 'We work together.' (Use مشترکاً)

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

正解！ おしい！ 正解:
writing

Write a sentence: 'They bought the car jointly.'

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

正解！ おしい！ 正解:
writing

Write a sentence: 'The two countries jointly signed the agreement.'

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

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writing

Write a sentence: 'The research was conducted jointly by two labs.'

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

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writing

Write a sentence: 'The board of directors jointly decided on the policy.'

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

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writing

Write a sentence: 'We play together.' (Use مشترکاً)

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

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writing

Write a sentence: 'The two students jointly won the prize.'

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

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writing

Write a sentence: 'The project is being managed jointly.'

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

正解！ おしい！ 正解:
writing

Write a sentence: 'They jointly released a new software.'

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

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writing

Write a sentence: 'The inheritance is jointly owned by the siblings.'

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

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writing

Write a sentence: 'They eat together.' (Use مشترکاً)

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

正解！ おしい！ 正解:
writing

Write a sentence: 'We jointly paid the bill.'

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

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writing

Write a sentence: 'The statement was issued jointly by the ministries.'

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

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writing

Write a sentence: 'The companies jointly invested in the factory.'

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

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writing

Write a sentence: 'The tenants are jointly liable for damages.'

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

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writing

Write a sentence: 'We read together.' (Use مشترکاً)

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

正解！ おしい！ 正解:
writing

Write a sentence: 'They jointly built a house.'

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

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writing

Write a sentence: 'The two authors jointly wrote the article.'

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writing

Write a sentence: 'The teams jointly practiced on the field.'

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writing

Write a sentence: 'The cultural heritage belongs jointly to all.'

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

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speaking

Say: 'We work jointly.'

Read this aloud:

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speaking

Say: 'They bought the house jointly.'

Read this aloud:

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speaking

Say: 'The two countries jointly agreed.'

Read this aloud:

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speaking

Say: 'The project is managed jointly by us.'

Read this aloud:

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speaking

Say: 'The responsibility is jointly held by the board.'

Read this aloud:

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speaking

Say: 'They won jointly.'

Read this aloud:

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speaking

Say: 'We jointly paid the bill.'

Read this aloud:

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speaking

Say: 'This book was written jointly.'

Read this aloud:

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speaking

Say: 'They jointly invested in this company.'

Read this aloud:

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speaking

Say: 'The tenants are jointly liable for rent.'

Read this aloud:

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speaking

Say: 'We play jointly.'

Read this aloud:

正解！ おしい！ 正解:
speaking

Say: 'They jointly built the wall.'

Read this aloud:

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speaking

Say: 'The statement was jointly issued.'

Read this aloud:

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speaking

Say: 'The software was jointly developed.'

Read this aloud:

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speaking

Say: 'The heirs jointly own the land.'

Read this aloud:

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speaking

Say: 'They study jointly.'

Read this aloud:

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speaking

Say: 'We jointly use this room.'

Read this aloud:

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speaking

Say: 'The two teams jointly practiced.'

Read this aloud:

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speaking

Say: 'The prize was jointly awarded.'

Read this aloud:

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speaking

Say: 'The treaty was jointly signed.'

Read this aloud:

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listening

Identify the word 'مشترکاً' in the audio sentence.

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listening

Listen and write the missing word: ما این خانه را _______ خریدیم.

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listening

Listen and write the sentence: دو کشور مشترکاً بیانیه دادند.

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listening

Listen and write the sentence: پروژه مشترکاً توسط تیم‌ها اجرا شد.

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listening

Listen and write the sentence: طرفین مشترکاً مسئول خسارت هستند.

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listening

Does the speaker say 'ba ham' or 'moshtarekan'?

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listening

Identify the adverb used in the audio.

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listening

Complete the transcript: بیانیه _______ صادر شد.

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listening

Complete the transcript: آن‌ها _______ سرمایه‌گذاری کردند.

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listening

Identify the legal term in the audio.

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listening

Listen and repeat: ما مشترکاً کار می‌کنیم.

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listening

Listen and repeat: آن‌ها مشترکاً برنده شدند.

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listening

Listen and repeat: کتاب مشترکاً نوشته شده است.

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正解！ おしい！ 正解:
listening

Listen and repeat: جایزه مشترکاً اعطا شد.

正解！ おしい！ 正解:
正解！ おしい！ 正解:
listening

Listen and repeat: وراث مشترکاً در ملک سهیم هستند.

正解！ おしい！ 正解:
正解！ おしい！ 正解:
writing

Write a short paragraph about two friends starting a company jointly.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

正解！ おしい！ 正解:

/ 180 correct

Perfect score!

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関連コンテンツ

numbersの関連語

اعشار

B1

「اعشار」は小数点を持つ数、つまり全体の分数部分を表す数を意味します。

اعشاری

B1

<strong>アシ​​ャリー</strong>（Aashari）はペルシャ語の形容詞で「小数の」を意味し、小数点の付く数値に関連します。数値、分数、測定値、または小数を含む計算を修飾するために使用されます。例えば、「小数の数」は「یک عدد اعشاری」と言います。

عددنویسی

B1

記数法；数値を割り当てたり表現したりするプロセス。

عددی

B1

数値の、数字に関する (e.g., 数値データを入力してください。)

عدم دقت

B1

計算の不正確さが失敗の原因でした。

عرضی

B1

幅方向の、または横断的なことを示す形容詞です。物体の幅に沿って伸びたり、幅方向に配置されたりするものを指します。例えば、布を幅方向に切ることは「عرضی」なカットと呼ばれます。

اضافه

B1

追加、余分、過剰。ペルシャ語の文法では、語を繋ぐ「エザーフェ」。

افزایش یافتن

B1

増加する、上がる（自動詞）。例：価格が上がった（قیمت‌ها افزایش یافت）。人口が増加している（جمعیت افزایش می‌یابد）。

افزایشی

B1

今月の価格動向は上昇（afzāyeši）傾向にあります。

آمار

B1

統計によると、人口は減少しています。

役に立った？

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