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B1 verb #9,000 よく出る 9分で読める

پوسیدن

pusidan 上位9,000

練習する例文メモとヒント پوسیدن 30秒で

解説 پوسیدن in your Level:

At the A1 level, you only need to know that 'pousidan' means 'to rot' or 'to go bad' in a physical sense. You can use it to talk about food that you shouldn't eat. Imagine you have an apple that has been on the table for two weeks. It is now brown and soft. You can say 'Sib pousideh ast' (The apple is rotten). At this stage, don't worry about the complex grammar. Just remember the past participle 'pousideh' as an adjective to describe old food or old wood. It is a useful word when you go shopping or when you are cleaning your room and find something very old. You might also hear it in very simple stories about nature, like a leaf falling and rotting on the ground. Focus on the physical world around you. If something is falling apart because it is very old, 'pousideh' is the word you use. It is a basic building block for describing the condition of objects. Remember: Pousidan = Rotting.

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At the A2 level, you can start using the verb 'pousidan' in simple sentences with different tenses. You should learn the past tense 'pousid' and the present tense 'mipousad'. For example, 'Chub dar ab mipousad' (Wood rots in water). You can also use it to talk about health, specifically your teeth. If you eat too much sugar, your teeth might rot: 'Dandaan-at mipousad'. This is a very common way to use the word in daily life. You are also introduced to the idea that things other than food can rot, like a rope (tanaab) or clothes (lebaas) if they are left in a wet place. You can start to form sentences like 'Lebaas-e kohne pousid' (The old cloth rotted). At this level, you are expanding from just 'food' to 'materials'. You should also recognize the word 'pousidegi' which means 'decay' or 'a cavity'. If you go to the dentist, they might say 'Shoma pousidegi darid' (You have decay/a cavity). This helps you navigate basic medical situations in Persian.

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At the B1 level, you should be comfortable with the metaphorical uses of 'pousidan'. This is where the word becomes more expressive. You can use it to describe a feeling of being stuck or wasting your time. For example, 'Man dar in shahr dar haal-e pousidan hastam' (I am rotting in this city). This doesn't mean you are physically decaying, but that your spirit or your life is stagnating. You should also understand the difference between 'pousidan' and 'gandidan' (stinking rot). B1 learners should be able to use the continuous forms ('dar haal-e pousidan') to describe ongoing processes in nature or society. You will see this word in news reports about environmental issues, like how plastic doesn't rot (nemitavanad bepousad) while paper does. You should also be able to use the causative form 'pousandan' (to cause to rot) to explain why something happened: 'Rotubat-e hava lebaas-ha ra pousand' (The air's humidity rotted the clothes). This level requires a more nuanced understanding of how environmental factors affect materials and how humans feel in stagnant environments.

At the B2 level, you can use 'pousidan' to discuss social and political concepts. You might read an editorial where the author describes 'afkaar-e pousideh' (rotten/outdated thoughts) of a previous generation. Here, the word is a powerful tool for social critique. You should be able to handle complex sentence structures, such as 'Agar in tanaab napousideh bud, ma nemioftadim' (If this rope hadn't rotted, we wouldn't have fallen). Your vocabulary should now include synonyms like 'tajziyeh shodan' and you should know when to use the scientific term versus the common one. You will encounter 'pousidan' in Persian literature, particularly in modern short stories (like those by Sadegh Hedayat) where decay is a central theme representing the state of the soul or society. You should be able to analyze why an author chose the word 'pousidan' over 'kharab shodan'. This level is about moving from the physical and personal to the societal and literary. You are expected to use the word with precision in debates about tradition and progress.

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At the C1 level, your understanding of 'pousidan' should include its historical and etymological weight. You can appreciate its use in classical poetry, where 'pousideh-ostokhaan' (rotten bones) is a motif for mortality and the vanity of worldly power. You should be able to use the word in academic or highly formal contexts, such as a paper on archaeology or environmental science, discussing the 'pousidegi' of ancient artifacts. You can also use the word with subtle irony or sarcasm in high-level social commentary. You understand the phonetic nuances and how the word sounds in different dialects or registers. For example, in very formal Persian, the 'u' sound in 'pousidan' is distinct and clear. You can engage in deep discussions about the philosophy of decay—how 'pousidan' is a necessary part of the cycle of life (tajdid-e hayaat). At this level, you aren't just using a word; you are using a concept that carries thousands of years of Persian thought about life, death, and the nature of matter.

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At the C2 level, you have a masterly grasp of 'pousidan' and all its derivatives. You can use it in creative writing to create vivid, sensory-rich descriptions of decay that go beyond the literal. You can distinguish between the most subtle shades of meaning—why a certain type of structural failure in a building is 'pousidegi' while another is 'farsoudegi' (wear and tear). You are familiar with obscure idioms or proverbs that might use the word. You can effortlessly switch between the scientific, the colloquial, the literary, and the archaic registers of the word. You might use it to translate complex English concepts like 'urban decay' or 'moral decomposition' with the perfect Persian equivalent, knowing exactly when 'pousidan' fits better than 'enhetat'. You can also discuss the word's relationship to other Indo-European roots, showing a deep linguistic awareness. For a C2 speaker, 'pousidan' is a versatile brush in their linguistic palette, used to paint everything from a simple rotten fruit to the complex disintegration of an empire.

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練習する例文メモとヒント

پوسیدن 30秒で

Pousidan means to rot or decay, primarily used for organic materials like wood and food.
It is also the standard word for tooth decay (cavities) in Persian medical contexts.
Metaphorically, it describes someone wasting away or 'rotting' in a place due to boredom or neglect.
The past participle 'pousideh' is a very common adjective meaning 'rotten' or 'outdated'.

The Persian verb پوسیدن (Pousidan) is a fundamental term used to describe the natural process of biological or physical decay. At its core, it refers to the decomposition of organic matter, such as wood, food, or flesh, often due to the passage of time, moisture, or the action of bacteria and fungi. However, in the Persian language, its utility extends far beyond just biology. It is frequently employed to describe the deterioration of inorganic materials like fabric or leather when they become brittle and fall apart. For a learner, understanding پوسیدن involves recognizing both its literal physical implications and its evocative metaphorical applications in Persian literature and daily speech.

Biological Context: This is the most common use, referring to fruit rotting, leaves decomposing in the soil, or a fallen tree trunk slowly breaking down in the forest. It implies a loss of structural integrity and a transition back into the earth.

تنه درخت قدیمی در جنگل نمناک به آرامی در حال پوسیدن است. (The old tree trunk in the damp forest is slowly rotting.)

Medical Context: In dentistry, the derivative 'pousidegi' (decay/cavity) is used. When a tooth 'mupousad' (rots), it means it has a cavity. This is an essential word for daily life in Iran when visiting a dentist.

Metaphorically, پوسیدن is used to describe a person wasting away in a specific location, usually due to neglect or imprisonment. If someone says they are 'rotting in this house,' they are using this verb to convey a deep sense of stagnation and the feeling that their life and potential are slowly disintegrating. This usage is very common in Iranian cinema and dramatic literature to emphasize the psychological toll of isolation. Furthermore, it can describe old systems, ideas, or traditions that are no longer viable and are 'rotting' away to make room for the new. The word carries a heavy, somber tone, suggesting an inevitable and slow decline rather than a sudden destruction.

او ده سال از عمرش را در آن زندان تاریک پوسید. (He spent ten years of his life rotting in that dark prison.)

Material Decay: Used for ropes, cloth, or leather that has become old and weak. If you pull an old rope and it snaps because the fibers are brittle, you say the rope has 'pousideh'.

Using پوسیدن correctly requires understanding its conjugation and its intransitive nature. As an intransitive verb, it does not take a direct object. Something rots on its own; you don't 'rot' something (for that, you would use the causative form pousandan). The past stem is پوسید (pousid) and the present stem is پوس (pous). Because decay is usually a slow, ongoing process, you will often encounter this verb in the continuous aspect (using 'dar hal-e') or the imperfect tense.

اگر میوه‌ها را در گرما بگذاری، سریع می‌پوسند. (If you leave the fruits in the heat, they will rot quickly.)

When talking about specific items, the subject is the thing undergoing decay. For example, if you are talking about a wooden door in a humid climate like Northern Iran (Shomal), you would say 'dar-e chubi dar rotubat mipousad'. Here, the humidity is the cause, but the door is the subject of the rotting. In the past tense, 'pousid' indicates that the process has reached a point of failure or completion. If a rope 'pousid', it means it is now unreliable and likely to break.

Present Continuous: Used for things currently decaying: 'In kaghaz-ha daran mipousan' (These papers are rotting/decaying).

دندانم از داخل پوسیده بود و من نمی‌دانستم. (My tooth had rotted from the inside and I didn't know.)

The past participle پوسیده (pousideh) is extremely common as an adjective. It describes anything that is in a state of decay. You can have 'tanaab-e pousideh' (rotten rope), 'dandaan-e pousideh' (decayed tooth), or 'afkaar-e pousideh' (decayed/outdated thoughts). Using the adjective is often more common in casual conversation than the verb itself when describing the state of an object. When using it for people, 'pousidan' often appears in the subjunctive mood to express a wish or a fear: 'Nemikhaham dar in shahr bepousam' (I don't want to rot in this city).

Causative Form: If you want to say 'The moisture rotted the wood', you use 'pousandan': 'Rotubat chub ra pousand'. This shifts the focus to the agent of decay.

In everyday Iranian life, you will hear پوسیدن in several distinct environments. The first and most practical is the kitchen or the fruit market (Miveh-forushi). If you are buying fruit and notice a soft, brown spot on a peach, you might point it out to the vendor by saying 'In miveh dareh mipouseh' (This fruit is starting to rot). It indicates that the produce is no longer fresh and is beginning its biological breakdown. It is a word of warning and quality control.

میوه‌ها را زود بخور قبل از اینکه بپوسند. (Eat the fruits soon before they rot.)

The second common place is the dentist's office. Dental hygiene is a major topic of conversation, and the word 'pousidegi' (decay) is the standard term for cavities. A dentist might tell a patient, 'Dandaan-e shoma az zir pousideh' (Your tooth has rotted from underneath). This specific usage makes the word essential for medical vocabulary. You will also hear it in construction or home maintenance, especially in the humid northern provinces of Iran like Gilan or Mazandaran. Because of the high humidity, wooden structures and metal pipes 'mipousand' (rot or corrode) much faster. A homeowner might complain about the 'pousidegi' of the pipes or the wooden beams of the roof.

In Literature and Cinema: Persian culture has a deep appreciation for melancholic and existential themes. In movies, a character might lament their life by saying 'Man dar in otagh pousidam' (I rotted in this room), expressing a soul-crushing boredom or lack of progress.

فکرهای پوسیده جایی در دنیای امروز ندارند. (Rotten/Outdated thoughts have no place in today's world.)

Lastly, you will encounter the word in social and political critiques. Intellectuals often use 'pousideh' to describe archaic laws or social norms that they believe are crumbling and should be discarded. It is a powerful rhetorical tool to label something as not just 'old' (ghadimi), but 'rotten' (pousideh), implying it is structurally unsound and potentially harmful. This gives the word a sharp edge in debates about modernity versus tradition.

Environmental Science: When discussing composting or natural cycles, 'pousidan' is used to describe how organic waste turns into fertilizer. It is the natural recycling process of the earth.

One of the most frequent mistakes English speakers make when using پوسیدن is confusing it with other verbs that describe things 'going bad'. Persian has several specific words for different types of spoilage. For instance, gandidan is often translated as 'to rot', but it specifically implies a putrid smell and a slimy texture, usually associated with meat or stagnant water. If you use pousidan for a piece of meat that smells terrible, a native speaker might find it slightly odd because pousidan usually suggests a dryer or more structural crumbling, like wood or a tooth.

Pousidan vs. Kharab Shodan: 'Kharab shodan' is a general term for 'to break' or 'to spoil'. While you can say fruit has 'kharab shodeh', 'pousidan' is much more specific about the biological process. Don't use 'pousidan' for a broken car or a malfunctioning phone; that is always 'kharab shodan'.

اشتباه: ماشین من پوسیده است. (Wrong: My car is rotted - unless it's literally rusted through). درست: ماشین من خراب شده است. (Correct: My car is broken.)

Another mistake is the confusion between pousidan and zang zadan (to rust). While rust is a form of decay for metal, Persian uses 'zang zadan' specifically for oxidation. However, if the rust is so advanced that the metal is crumbling into flakes, you might then say the metal has 'pousideh'. The distinction is in the physical state: 'zang' is the orange coating, 'pousidegi' is the actual structural failure.

Transitive vs. Intransitive: English uses 'rot' as both: 'The apple rotted' and 'The water rotted the apple'. In Persian, 'pousidan' is ONLY 'The apple rotted'. You cannot say 'Ab sib ra pousid'. You must use the causative 'pousand'.

Finally, be careful with the word 'pousideh' in social settings. Calling someone's ideas 'pousideh' is a direct insult to their intelligence and worldview, suggesting they are backwards and obsolete. It is much stronger than just saying 'ghadimi' (old-fashioned). Use it only when you intend to be sharply critical.

To enrich your Persian vocabulary, it is helpful to look at words that share the semantic space of decay with پوسیدن. Depending on the context—whether it's food, metal, or abstract concepts—different verbs might be more appropriate. Understanding these nuances will make your Persian sound much more natural and precise.

Gandidan (گندیدن): This is the 'smelly' version of rotting. It is used for meat, eggs, or stagnant water. If something is 'gandideh', it usually means it's emitting a foul odor. 'Pousidan' is often odorless or smells like damp earth.

گوشت در بیرون از یخچال گندید. (The meat rotted/stank outside the fridge.)

Tajziyeh Shodan (تجزیه شدن): This is a more scientific and formal term meaning 'to decompose' or 'to break down'. It is used in biology or chemistry textbooks. While 'pousidan' is the common word, 'tajziyeh' is the technical one.

Zang Zadan (زنگ زدن): Specifically for the oxidation of metals (rusting). As mentioned before, 'pousidan' is the stage after the rust has eaten through the metal.

For abstract decay, you might use enhetat (decline/decadence) or zavaal (downfall/fading). If a civilization is 'rotting', you could use pousidan for a poetic effect, but dar haal-e zavaal would be the more formal, historical way to describe it. In the context of teeth, you might also hear kherm-khordegi (literally 'worm-eaten'), which is a colloquial way to describe cavities, though 'pousidegi' remains the standard medical term. Knowing these alternatives allows you to choose the word that fits the exact 'flavor' of decay you wish to describe.

How Formal Is It?

豆知識

The word is a 'cognate' with the English word 'pus'. When you see 'pus' in a wound, you are seeing the result of the same biological process that 'pousidan' describes in Persian.

発音ガイド

UK /puːsiːˈdæn/

US /pusiˈdæn/

The stress is typically on the final syllable '-dán'.

韻が合う語

جویدن (Javidan) شنیدن (Shenidan) خریدن (Kharidan) دویدن (Davidan) رسیدن (Residan) کشیدن (Kashidan) پریدن (Paridan) بریدن (Boridan)

よくある間違い

Pronouncing 'ou' as 'ow' (like 'power'). It should be a long 'u' like 'moon'.
Mixing up the present stem 'pous' with 'poush' (to wear).
Forgetting the 'i' in the middle of 'pousidan'.

難易度

読解 3/5

The word is easy to recognize but its metaphorical uses in literature can be complex.

ライティング 3/5

Conjugation is regular, but choosing between 'pousidan' and 'gandidan' requires practice.

スピーキング 2/5

Commonly used in daily life, especially regarding food and health.

リスニング 2/5

The 'ou' sound is distinct and usually easy to hear.

次に学ぶべきこと

前提知識

چوب (Wood) دندان (Tooth) میوه (Fruit) خراب (Broken/Bad) آب (Water)

次に学ぶ

فاسد (Corrupt) زنگ‌زدگی (Rust) تجزیه (Decomposition) بوی تعفن (Stink) فرسودگی (Erosion/Wear)

上級

زوال (Decline) انحطاط (Decadence) اضمحلال (Dissolution) فساد فی‌الارض (Corruption on earth) مضمحل شدن (To vanish/decay)

知っておくべき文法

Intransitive Verbs

پوسیدن does not take an object. You say 'The wood rotted', not 'I rotted the wood'.

Causative Formation

To make it transitive, add '-and' to the present stem: پوس + اندن = پوساندن (to cause to rot).

-idan Verb Class

Most verbs ending in -idan are regular. Past: پوسید. Present: می‌پوسد.

Subjunctive Mood

Use 'bepousad' after verbs of fear, wish, or necessity: 'می‌ترسم بپوسد'.

Past Participle as Adjective

Adding '-eh' to the past stem creates the adjective 'pousideh' (rotten).

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レベル別の例文

این سیب پوسیده است.

This apple is rotten.

Pousideh is the past participle used as an adjective.

نان در آشپزخانه پوسید.

The bread rotted in the kitchen.

Simple past tense for a completed action.

میوه نپوسیده است.

The fruit has not rotted.

Negative form of the present perfect.

چوب قدیمی می‌پوسد.

Old wood rots.

Present tense for a general fact.

آیا این پرتقال پوسیده است؟

Is this orange rotten?

Question form using the adjective.

گل‌ها در گلدان پوسیدند.

The flowers rotted in the vase.

Plural subject with plural verb.

من سیب پوسیده نمی‌خورم.

I don't eat rotten apples.

Adjective modifying the noun.

برگ‌ها روی زمین می‌پوسند.

Leaves rot on the ground.

Present tense plural.

دندانم کمی پوسیده است.

My tooth is a bit decayed.

Common medical usage.

طناب به خاطر باران پوسید.

The rope rotted because of the rain.

Using 'be khater-e' to show cause.

لباس‌های خیس در چمدان می‌پوسند.

Wet clothes rot in the suitcase.

Present tense for a predictable result.

چرم کفش‌هایم پوسیده بود.

The leather of my shoes had rotted.

Past perfect tense.

او می‌ترسد دندانش بپوسد.

He is afraid his tooth might rot.

Subjunctive mood after 'mitarsad'.

این میز چوبی دارد می‌پوسد.

This wooden table is rotting.

Present continuous tense.

پوسیدگی دندان دردناک است.

Tooth decay is painful.

Using the noun form 'pousidegi'.

ما چوب‌های پوسیده را دور ریختیم.

We threw away the rotten woods.

Adjective in a plural object phrase.

او سال‌ها در آن آپارتمان کوچک پوسید.

He rotted for years in that small apartment.

Metaphorical use for stagnation.

کاغذها در زیرزمین مرطوب خواهند پوسید.

The papers will rot in the damp basement.

Future tense.

رطوبت زیاد باعث پوسیدن چوب می‌شود.

High humidity causes wood to rot.

Using the gerund 'pousidan' as a noun.

فکر نمی‌کردم این پارچه به این زودی بپوسد.

I didn't think this fabric would rot so soon.

Subjunctive mood in a dependent clause.

ریشه‌های گیاه در آب زیاد می‌پوسند.

The plant roots rot in too much water.

Biological context.

بوی چوب پوسیده در کل خانه پیچیده بود.

The smell of rotten wood had filled the whole house.

Adjective modifying 'chub'.

اگر مراقب نباشی، استعدادت در این محیط می‌پوسد.

If you are not careful, your talent will rot in this environment.

Metaphorical use for abstract concepts.

چرا اجازه دادی میوه‌ها بپوسند؟

Why did you let the fruits rot?

Subjunctive after ' اجازه دادن'.

افکار پوسیده مانع پیشرفت جامعه هستند.

Rotten/Outdated thoughts are obstacles to society's progress.

Social/Political metaphor.

بدنه کشتی در آب شور دریا پوسیده بود.

The ship's hull had rotted in the salty sea water.

Describing material failure.

او ترجیح می‌دهد بمیرد تا اینکه در زندان بپوسد.

He prefers to die rather than rot in prison.

Comparative structure with subjunctive.

پوسیدن مواد آلی بخشی از چرخه طبیعت است.

The rotting of organic matter is part of nature's cycle.

Scientific/General truth.

این بنای تاریخی به دلیل بی‌توجهی در حال پوسیدن است.

This historical building is rotting due to neglect.

Present continuous for long-term decay.

دولت سعی دارد از پوسیدگی لوله‌های نفت جلوگیری کند.

The government is trying to prevent the rotting/corrosion of oil pipes.

Using the noun 'pousidegi'.

هر چیزی که از طبیعت می‌آید، باید روزی بپوسد.

Everything that comes from nature must rot one day.

Modal verb 'bayad' with subjunctive.

کتاب‌های قدیمی در کتابخانه متروکه پوسیدند.

The old books rotted in the abandoned library.

Describing the decay of cultural objects.

در بوف کور، بوی گوشت پوسیده در تمام فضا حس می‌شود.

In 'The Blind Owl', the smell of rotten meat is felt throughout the space.

Literary reference.

ساختارهای سیاسی کهنه از درون می‌پوسند.

Old political structures rot from within.

Abstract systemic decay.

او با لحنی تلخ از روزهایی که در تنهایی پوسیده بود سخن گفت.

He spoke with a bitter tone of the days he had rotted in loneliness.

Complex emotional narrative.

پوسیدگی ریشه‌های فرهنگی می‌تواند به هویت ملی آسیب بزند.

The rotting of cultural roots can damage national identity.

Using 'pousidegi' metaphorically.

باستان‌شناسان بقایای پوسیده یک کشتی باستانی را یافتند.

Archaeologists found the rotten remains of an ancient ship.

Technical/Formal context.

هیچ چیز مانند دروغ باعث پوسیدن روابط انسانی نمی‌شود.

Nothing rots human relationships like lies.

Philosophical statement.

او اجازه نداد که آرمان‌هایش در هیاهوی سیاست بپوسد.

He did not let his ideals rot in the clamor of politics.

Negative causative intent.

پیکر بی‌جان در خاک سرد گورستان به تدریج می‌پوسد.

The lifeless body gradually rots in the cold soil of the cemetery.

Formal/Poetic description of mortality.

دیالکتیک مرگ و زندگی در فرآیند پوسیدن نهفته است.

The dialectic of life and death is hidden in the process of rotting.

Philosophical/Academic register.

استخوان‌های پوسیده نیاکان ما، گواهی بر تاریخ پرفراز و نشیب این سرزمین است.

The rotten bones of our ancestors are a testament to the turbulent history of this land.

High-level rhetorical style.

فساد اداری همچون موریانه‌ای است که ارکان دولت را از درون می‌پوساند.

Administrative corruption is like a termite that rots the pillars of the state from within.

Sophisticated simile with causative verb.

در متون صوفیانه، پوسیدن تن مقدمه‌ای برای تعالی روح شمرده می‌شود.

In Sufi texts, the rotting of the body is considered a prelude to the transcendence of the soul.

Contextualizing in religious philosophy.

او با دقتی وسواس‌گونه، پوسیدگی لایه‌های زیرین نسخه خطی را بررسی کرد.

With obsessive precision, he examined the decay of the underlying layers of the manuscript.

Describing professional expertise.

واژه 'پوسیدن' در این شعر، استعاره‌ای است از زوال ناگزیر زیبایی.

The word 'pousidan' in this poem is a metaphor for the inevitable decline of beauty.

Literary analysis.

تکنولوژی‌های آنالوگ در برابر هجوم عصر دیجیتال به سرعت پوسیدند و از یاد رفتند.

Analog technologies rotted and were forgotten quickly against the onslaught of the digital age.

Metaphor for technological obsolescence.

فرآیند شیمیایی اکسیداسیون در فلزات، شباهت‌های ساختاری با پوسیدن مواد آلی دارد.

The chemical process of oxidation in metals has structural similarities with the rotting of organic materials.

Scientific comparison.

よく使う組み合わせ

پوسیدگی دندان

چوب پوسیده

طناب پوسیده

افکار پوسیده

در زندان پوسیدن

پوسیدن ریشه

پارچه پوسیده

بوی پوسیدگی

پوسیدگی لوله

برگ‌های پوسیده

よく使うフレーズ

دندانم پوسیده

— My tooth is decayed/I have a cavity.

باید برم دکتر، دندانم پوسیده.

میوه‌ها دارن می‌پوسن

— The fruits are starting to rot.

زودتر بخورشون، میوه‌ها دارن می‌پوسن.

از تنهایی پوسیدم

— I rotted from loneliness (I'm extremely bored/isolated).

توی این خونه از تنهایی پوسیدم.

چوبش پوسیده

— Its wood is rotten (unsafe).

این نردبان را نگیر، چوبش پوسیده.

ریشه‌اش پوسیده

— Its root is rotten (it's doomed).

این گیاه دیگه درست نمی‌شه، ریشه‌اش پوسیده.

لباس تو کمد پوسید

— The clothes rotted in the closet (unused for too long).

اینقدر نپوشیدیش که تو کمد پوسید.

مغزش پوسیده

— His brain is rotten (he has backward ideas).

حرفاشو گوش نکن، مغزش پوسیده.

در حسرت پوسیدن

— To rot in regret/longing.

در حسرت دیدنش پوسیدم.

پوسیدن در غربت

— To rot in a foreign land (to waste away far from home).

نمی‌خواهم در غربت بپوسم.

جای پوسیدگی

— The spot/area of decay.

جای پوسیدگی روی چوب مشخص است.

よく混同される語

پوسیدن vs پوشیدن (Poushidan)

Means 'to wear'. Only one letter 'sh' is different, but the meaning is totally unrelated.

پوسیدن vs گندیدن (Gandidan)

Means 'to rot' but implies a bad smell (putrefaction), whereas 'pousidan' is more about crumbling.

پوسیدن vs زنگ زدن (Zang Zadan)

Means 'to rust'. Rusting leads to rotting, but they are different chemical processes.

慣用句と表現

"با طناب پوسیده کسی به چاه رفتن"

— To rely on someone unreliable and end up in trouble. It implies trusting a 'rotten rope' to descend into a well.

من با طناب پوسیده تو به چاه نمی‌روم.

Common Idiom

"استخوان پوساندن"

— To spend a very long time in a profession or a place (literally 'to rot bones' there).

او در این کار استخوان پوسانده است.

Formal/Respectful

"فکر پوسیده"

— An obsolete, backward, or useless idea.

این‌ها همه‌اش فکرهای پوسیده است.

Informal/Critical

"در جا پوسیدن"

— To stay in one spot and waste away; to have no progress.

اگر حرکت نکنی، همین‌جا می‌پوسی.

Informal

"دندان پوسیده را باید کشید"

— A rotten tooth must be pulled (you must get rid of a source of trouble completely).

این رابطه فایده‌ای ندارد، دندان پوسیده را باید کشید.

Proverbial

"پوسیده شدن پیوند"

— The weakening or 'rotting' of a bond or relationship.

پیوند دوستی‌شان پوسیده شده بود.

Literary

"پوسیدن در لاک خود"

— To rot in one's own shell (to be excessively introverted or isolated).

آنقدر در لاک خودش پوسید که دیگر کسی را نمی‌شناخت.

Informal

"پوست و استخوان پوسیده"

— Used to describe something extremely ancient or long dead.

از آن تمدن فقط پوست و استخوان پوسیده مانده.

Literary

"پوسیدن در انتظار"

— To waste away while waiting for something that never comes.

در انتظار جواب تو پوسیدم.

Emotional/Informal

"نظام پوسیده"

— A rotten/corrupt system that is about to collapse.

نظام پوسیده پادشاهی فرو پاشید.

Political

間違えやすい

پوسیدن vs فاسد شدن

Both mean 'to go bad'.

Fased shodan is general (milk, eggs, people). Pousidan is specific to structural decay (wood, teeth, cloth).

شیر فاسد شد (The milk spoiled). چوب پوسید (The wood rotted).

پوسیدن vs خراب شدن

Both describe things losing their quality.

Kharab shodan is for machines or general spoilage. Pousidan is biological/material disintegration.

تلفن خراب شد. دندان پوسید.

پوسیدن vs تجزیه شدن

Both mean 'to decompose'.

Tajziyeh is scientific/formal. Pousidan is the everyday word.

پلاستیک تجزیه نمی‌شود.

پوسیدن vs فرسوده شدن

Both mean 'to get old and weak'.

Farsoudeh is for wear-and-tear (tires, buildings). Pousidan is for organic decay.

لاستیک فرسوده شد. طناب پوسید.

پوسیدن vs پلاسیده شدن

Both used for plants/fruits.

Palasideh means 'wilted' (losing water). Pousideh means 'rotted' (biological breakdown).

گل‌ها پلاسیدند (The flowers wilted).

文型パターン

[Noun] [Adjective] ast.

این سیب پوسیده است.

[Noun] dar [Place] mipousad.

چوب در آب می‌پوسد.

[Noun] dareh mipouseh.

دندونم داره می‌پوسه.

Be khater-e [Cause], [Noun] pousid.

به خاطر رطوبت، کتاب‌ها پوسیدند.

[Abstract Noun] az darun mipousad.

جامعه از درون می‌پوسد.

Pousidan-e [Noun] neshaane-ye [Concept] ast.

پوسیدن بدن نشانه فانی بودن انسان است.

Nemikhaham dar [Place] bepousam.

نمی‌خواهم در این اداره بپوسم.

[Noun]-e pousideh ra [Verb].

میوه پوسیده را دور بینداز.

語族

名詞

پوسیدگی (Pousidegi) - Decay/Rot/Cavity

پوسش (Pousesh) - The act of rotting (rare/formal)

動詞

پوسیدن (Pousidan) - To rot (intransitive)

پوساندن (Pousandan) - To cause to rot (transitive/causative)

پوسیده شدن (Pousideh shodan) - To become rotten

形容詞

پوسیده (Pousideh) - Rotten/Decayed

پوسیدنی (Pousidani) - Perishable/Able to rot

使い方

frequency

Common in medical, domestic, and metaphorical contexts.

よくある間違い

Using 'pousidan' for a broken car. → ماشینم خراب شده است.
Pousidan is for biological/material decay, not mechanical failure.
Saying 'Ab chub ra pousid'. → آب چوب را پوساند.
Pousidan is intransitive; you need the causative 'pousandan' for a transitive action.
Confusing 'pousidan' with 'poushidan'. → لباس پوشیدم (I wore clothes).
One is rotting, the other is wearing. Don't mix up 's' and 'sh'!
Using 'pousidan' for smelly meat. → گوشت گندیده است.
Gandidan specifically refers to the foul smell of rotting protein.
Using 'pousidan' for wilting flowers. → گل‌ها پلاسیده‌اند.
Palasideh is for wilting due to lack of water; pousideh is for actual decomposition.

ヒント

Dentist Trip

If you go to a dentist in Iran, 'pousidegi' is the word you'll hear most. It helps to know it so you understand the diagnosis.

Don't add an object!

Remember 'pousidan' is intransitive. The thing rots by itself. Use 'pousandan' if you want to say something else made it rot.

Literary Decay

In Persian poetry, decay isn't always gross; it's often a somber reminder that everything physical is temporary.

The 'Poo' Rule

Think of 'Pousidan' as organic matter (like poo) breaking down. The sound 'pou' helps you link it to biological waste.

Exaggeration

Iranians love to say 'pousidam' to mean they are bored. Use it when you've been waiting for a friend for too long!

Adjective usage

The adjective 'pousideh' is often more useful than the verb. Keep it in your 'description' toolkit.

Humidity is Key

The word is very common in Northern Iran (Shomal) because the humidity makes everything rot faster.

Smell vs. Structure

Always choose 'pousidan' for structural failure and 'gandidan' for smell. This makes you sound like a native.

Ancient Roots

The word hasn't changed much since Middle Persian, showing how fundamental the concept of decay is to human experience.

Social Sensitivity

Avoid calling older people's ideas 'pousideh' unless you want to start a serious argument.

暗記しよう

記憶術

Imagine a piece of POO (the 'pou' sound) sitting on a piece of wood until it rots. 'Pousidan' is what happens to that wood.

視覚的連想

Visualize a 'rotten rope' (tanaab-e pousideh) breaking as someone tries to climb it. This is a very common Persian idiom and helps you remember the word's association with structural failure.

Word Web

Nature Death Time Teeth Wood Old Clothes Humidity Compost

チャレンジ

Try to find three things in your house or garden that are 'pousideh' (like an old leaf or a rusty nail) and describe them using the verb in a sentence.

語源

Pousidan comes from the Middle Persian (Pahlavi) word 'pūsīdan'. It is rooted in the Proto-Indo-European root *pu- which means 'to rot' or 'to stink'. This is the same root that gave us the Latin word 'pus' and 'putrid', and the Sanskrit word 'púyati'.

元の意味： The original meaning has remained remarkably stable for thousands of years: the biological decomposition of matter.

Indo-European -> Indo-Iranian -> Iranian -> Western Iranian -> Persian

文化的な背景

Calling someone's beliefs 'pousideh' is very offensive and implies they are a 'dinosaur' or backward.

English speakers often use 'rot' and 'spoil' interchangeably. In Persian, 'pousidan' is more about the physical crumbling, while 'kharab shodan' is for general spoilage.

The Blind Owl (Boof-e Koor) by Sadegh Hedayat. Classical poems by Rumi regarding the mortality of the body. Modern Iranian cinema (e.g., films by Asghar Farhadi) where characters feel 'stuck' or 'rotting'.

実生活で練習する

実際の使用場面

At the Dentist

دندانم پوسیدگی دارد (My tooth has decay)
آیا این دندان پوسیده است؟ (Is this tooth decayed?)
پیشگیری از پوسیدگی (Preventing decay)
پوسیدگی عمیق (Deep decay)

At the Market

این میوه پوسیده است (This fruit is rotten)
میوه‌های پوسیده را جدا کنید (Separate the rotten fruits)
نزدیک است بپوسد (It's close to rotting)
بوی پوسیدگی می‌دهد (It smells like rot)

Construction/DIY

چوب نردبان پوسیده (The ladder wood is rotten)
لوله‌ها پوسیده‌اند (The pipes are rotted)
جلوگیری از پوسیدن چوب (Preventing wood rot)
پوسیدگی آهن (Iron corrosion/rot)

Social Critique

افکار پوسیده (Rotten thoughts)
قوانین پوسیده (Rotten laws)
جامعه در حال پوسیدن (A society in the process of rotting)
سنت‌های پوسیده (Rotten traditions)

Personal Feelings

دارم می‌پوسم (I'm rotting/wasting away)
در تنهایی پوسیدن (To rot in loneliness)
عمرم در اینجا پوسید (My life rotted here)
نمی‌خواهم بپوسم (I don't want to rot)

会話のきっかけ

"آیا تا به حال دندانت پوسیده است؟ (Have you ever had a decayed tooth?)"

"چطور می‌توان از پوسیدن میوه‌ها در تابستان جلوگیری کرد؟ (How can one prevent fruits from rotting in summer?)"

"به نظر تو کدام افکار در جامعه ما پوسیده هستند؟ (In your opinion, which thoughts in our society are rotten?)"

"اگر در یک جزیره تنها باشی، فکر می‌کنی از تنهایی می‌پوسی؟ (If you were alone on an island, do you think you'd rot from loneliness?)"

"آیا در شهر شما خانه‌های قدیمی در حال پوسیدن هستند؟ (Are old houses in your city rotting away?)"

日記のテーマ

درباره زمانی بنویسید که احساس کردید در یک موقعیت یا مکان در حال پوسیدن هستید. (Write about a time you felt you were rotting in a situation or place.)

چرا برخی از سنت‌ها با گذشت زمان می‌پوسند و از بین می‌روند؟ (Why do some traditions rot and disappear over time?)

توصیف کنید که یک جنگل پس از باران و فرآیند پوسیدن برگ‌ها چه بویی و چه شکلی دارد. (Describe what a forest smells and looks like after rain and the process of leaves rotting.)

نقش پوسیدن را در چرخه طبیعت و زندگی دوباره توضیح دهید. (Explain the role of rotting in the cycle of nature and rebirth.)

اگر می‌توانستید یک 'فکر پوسیده' را از دنیا حذف کنید، آن چه بود؟ (If you could remove one 'rotten thought' from the world, what would it be?)

よくある質問

10 問

No, not necessarily. While rotting can smell, 'pousidan' focuses on the material falling apart. If you want to emphasize a foul smell, use 'gandidan'.

Yes, in a formal or poetic sense, to describe the body returning to the earth. 'Peykar-ash dar khaak pousid' (His body rotted in the soil).

Yes, 'pousidegi-ye dandan' is the exact medical term for a dental cavity or decay.

Rusting is 'zang zadan'. If the rust is so bad that the metal is crumbling away, you can then say the metal is 'pousideh'.

No, that would sound very strange. Use 'farsoudeh' (worn out) or 'ghadimi' (old) for electronics.

You say: 'Man dar in khaneh daram mipousam'. It's a common way to express extreme boredom.

Rarely. For moral or political corruption, 'fesaad' (noun) or 'faased shodan' (verb) is much more common.

Yes, if they are very old or were kept in a damp place and the fabric is now brittle and tearing easily.

The present stem is 'pous' (پوس). You use it to form the present tense: 'mipousad'.

When applied to someone's ideas ('afkaar-e pousideh'), yes, it is quite sharp and dismissive.

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自分をテスト 191 問

multiple choice

Which word is best for a 'cavity'?

正解！おしい！正解: پوسیدگی

multiple choice

What is the present stem of پوسیدن؟

正解！おしい！正解: پوس

multiple choice

Which material is most likely to 'pousidan'?

正解！おしい！正解: چوب

multiple choice

What does 'afkaar-e pousideh' mean?

正解！おしい！正解: Outdated ideas

multiple choice

Which verb implies a bad smell?

正解！おしい！正解: گندیدن

multiple choice

Choose the correct past participle:

正解！おしい！正解: پوسیده

multiple choice

If you are 'rotting from loneliness', you are:

正解！おしい！正解: Very bored/isolated

multiple choice

The causative form of پوسیدن is:

正解！おしい！正解: پوساندن

multiple choice

What happens to wet clothes in a closed bag?

正解！おしい！正解: می‌پوسند

multiple choice

Opposite of 'pousideh' for a tooth is:

正解！おしい！正解: سالم

multiple choice

Which province in Iran has more 'pousidegi' of wood?

正解！おしい！正解: گیلان

multiple choice

What is the meaning of 'tanaab-e pousideh'?

正解！おしい！正解: Rotten rope

multiple choice

Sentence: 'Miveh-ha dar hal-e ... hastan.'

正解！おしい！正解: پوسیدن

multiple choice

Which one is a medical term?

正解！おしい！正解: پوسیدگی دندان

multiple choice

How do you say 'It rotted'?

正解！おしい！正解: پوسید

multiple choice

Synonym of 'tajziyeh shodan' in common speech:

正解！おしい！正解: پوسیدن

multiple choice

What is the negative imperative of پوسیدن (singular)?

正解！おしい！正解: نپوس

multiple choice

Which word describes an old, brittle fabric?

正解！おしい！正解: پوسیده

multiple choice

Complete: 'Daram az bikari ...'

正解！おしい！正解: می‌پوسم

multiple choice

In 'The Blind Owl', what kind of meat is mentioned?

正解！おしい！正解: پوسیده

multiple choice

What part of a plant rots in too much water?

正解！おしい！正解: ریشه

multiple choice

Causative past tense 'He rotted the wood':

正解！おしい！正解: چوب را پوساند

multiple choice

Which one is NOT a synonym?

正解！おしい！正解: تازه شدن

multiple choice

Meaning of 'pousideh-ostokhaan':

正解！おしい！正解: Ancient/Dead long ago

multiple choice

If you trust a 'rotten rope', you are:

正解！おしい！正解: Careless/Foolish

multiple choice

Subjunctive plural of پوسیدن:

正解！おしい！正解: بپوسند

multiple choice

Common collocation with 'pousideh':

正解！おしい！正解: طناب

multiple choice

What happens to paper in a damp basement?

正解！おしい！正解: می‌پوسد

multiple choice

Meaning of 'pousidegi-ye risheh':

正解！おしい！正解: Root rot

multiple choice

Correct pronunciation of the first syllable:

正解！おしい！正解: Poo

writing

Write a sentence about a rotten apple in Persian.