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A2 noun #4,000 よく出る 7分で読める

پرونده

Q: How do you pluralize Parvande?

Add '-hā' to the end: Parvandeh-hā (پروندهها). Note that the 'h' at the end of the singular is silent, but becomes a vowel linker in the plural.

上位4,000

練習する例文メモとヒント پرونده 30秒で

解説 پرونده in your Level:

At the A1 level, you only need to know that پرونده (Parvande) means 'file'. You might use it in a very simple sentence like 'This is my file' (In parvande-ye man ast). Think of it as a physical object—a folder with papers. You might see it at a doctor's office or a school. It's a basic noun that helps you identify where your information is kept. Focus on the pronunciation: par-van-de. Don't worry about complex legal meanings yet; just think of it as a 'paper holder' for your name.

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At the A2 level, you start using پرونده in daily administrative tasks. You should be able to ask for your file (Parvandeh-am rā mikhāham) or say that you are bringing a file to an office. You will learn the Ezafe construction here: parvande-ye madreseh (school file). You can also use simple verbs like dāshtan (to have) or gereftan (to get/take). You are beginning to see the word in public spaces like clinics and government buildings.

At the B1 level, you understand پرونده as more than just a folder; it's a 'case'. You can describe the status of a file, such as 'The file is incomplete' (Parvande nāqes ast) or 'I need to complete my file' (Bāyad parvandeh-am rā takmil konam). You can use it in the context of work, such as 'working on a file'. You also start to recognize common collocations like parvande-ye pezeshki (medical record) and parvande-ye kashvar-i (national file/ID record).

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At the B2 level, you use پرونده in professional and legal discussions. You can talk about 'opening a case' (tashkil-e parvande) or 'following up on a case' (peygiri-ye parvande). You understand the word in news reports about judicial matters or political dossiers. You can differentiate between parvande-ye kefari (criminal case) and parvande-ye hoquqi (civil case). Your vocabulary includes nuanced verbs like barresi kardan (to investigate/review) a file.

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At the C1 level, you use پرونده metaphorically and in complex abstract contexts. You can discuss the 'dossier' of a historical event or the 'case' for a specific policy change. You understand idiomatic expressions like 'closing the file on someone's career'. You can navigate complex bureaucratic language where parvande is part of a larger administrative procedure. You are comfortable with formal synonyms like makhtumeh (closed) and arkhiv (archive).

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At the C2 level, you have a masterly grasp of پرونده in all its legal, political, and philosophical nuances. You can analyze the 'parvande' of international relations (e.g., parvande-ye haste-i - the nuclear dossier). You can write formal legal briefs or academic papers using the term with precision. You understand the historical evolution of the word and can use it to describe the totality of a person's life or a nation's history in a literary sense.

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練習する例文メモとヒント

پرونده 30秒で

Parvande means 'file' or 'case' and is used in offices, hospitals, and courts to describe a collection of documents.
It is a noun that follows the Ezafe rule (parvande-ye...) when modified by an adjective or another noun.
Common verbs used with it include 'tashkil dadan' (to form/open) and 'makhtumeh kardan' (to close/conclude).
While it can mean a computer file, the loanword 'file' is more common for digital contexts in modern Persian.

The Persian word پرونده (Parvande) is a cornerstone of administrative, legal, and medical vocabulary in Iran. At its most basic level, it refers to a physical or digital collection of documents pertaining to a specific individual, event, or legal matter. Imagine walking into a busy government office in Tehran; the first thing an officer might ask for is your parvande. It functions much like the English words 'file', 'case', or 'dossier'. Historically, the word is linked to the idea of 'par' (wing or leaf), suggesting a collection of leaves or papers bound together. In modern Persian, its utility spans across various domains, from the mundane task of organizing school records to the high-stakes environment of a courtroom where a judge reviews a criminal case.

Administrative Context: In an office setting, a پرونده is the folder that holds your employment history, tax records, or application forms. When you apply for a visa, the consulate creates a parvande for you. This is the neutral, everyday use of the word.
Legal and Judicial Context: In law, this word is used for a 'case'. When a lawyer says 'The case is open', they use the phrase پرونده باز است. It encompasses all the evidence, testimonies, and legal filings related to a trial.
Medical Context: Hospitals maintain a پرونده پزشکی (medical file) for every patient. This includes your history, prescriptions, and test results. It is the vital record of your health journey within that institution.

وکیل در حال مطالعه پرونده موکل خود است.
(The lawyer is studying his client's file/case.)

Beyond these literal meanings, the word is also used metaphorically. To 'close the case' on something (parvande-ye chizi ra bastan) means to finish a chapter of your life or to stop dealing with a particular problem. It implies a sense of finality and resolution. Whether you are dealing with a 'tax file' (parvande-ye maliyati) or a 'criminal case' (parvande-ye kefari), the word remains the central anchor for organized information in the Persian-speaking world.

Using پرونده correctly requires understanding its collocations—the words it likes to hang out with. In Persian, you don't just 'have' a file; you 'form' it, 'review' it, or 'refer' it to someone else. The grammatical structure usually follows the standard SOV (Subject-Object-Verb) pattern of Persian, where parvande often takes the direct object marker -ra when it is specific.

Forming a File (tashkil dādan): When you first register at a school or clinic, they will create a record for you. The verb used is تشکیل دادن. For example: 'Please form a file for this student' (Lotfan barā-ye in dānesh-āmuz parvande tashkil dahid).
Closing a Case (bastan / makhtumeh kardan): To finish a matter, you 'close' the file. In formal legal language, the word مختومه is used. 'The case was closed' (Parvande makhtumeh shod). In casual speech, just use bastan (to close).

ما باید تمام پرونده‌های قدیمی را بایگانی کنیم.
(We must archive all the old files.)

Notice the pluralization: پرونده‌ها (parvandeh-hā). In Persian, nouns are pluralized by adding -hā. When used with numbers, the noun remains singular. For instance, 'three files' is se parvande, not se parvandeh-hā. This is a common point of confusion for English speakers.

In investigative journalism or police dramas, you will often hear parvande-ye qatl (murder case). The word acts as a container for the narrative of the crime. If someone says, 'I am following your file' (Dāram parvandeh-at rā peygiri mikonam), they are reassuring you that your administrative process is moving forward.

You will encounter پرونده in almost every institutional interaction in Iran. From the moment a child is born (obtaining a birth certificate file) to various life milestones, the 'parvande' follows the individual. It is a word that breathes the air of offices, hospitals, and courts.

In the News: News anchors frequently mention parvandeh-hā-ye fasād-e māli (financial corruption cases). Here, the word takes on a heavy, serious tone, often associated with national investigations or high-profile scandals.
At the Doctor's Office: The receptionist might say: 'Do you have a file here?' (Inja parvande dārid?). This determines if you are a returning patient or if they need to create a new record for you.

پلیس پرونده سرقت را دوباره باز کرد.
(The police reopened the theft case.)

In the digital age, parvande is also used for computer files, although the word فایل (file) is increasingly common in technical contexts. However, in formal software localized in Persian, you might still see parvande used for documents. It carries a more 'official' feel than the loanword 'file'.

Finally, in academic life, students have a parvande-ye tahsili (educational record). When transferring between universities, the most important task is 'moving the file' (enteqāl-e parvande). Without the physical or electronic file, the student practically doesn't exist to the new institution's system.

Learning پرونده is relatively straightforward, but there are nuances that English speakers often miss. The most common errors involve using the wrong verb or confusing parvande with related but distinct words like pusheh (folder) or madrak (document).

Parvande vs. Pusheh: A پوشه (Pusheh) is the physical plastic or cardboard folder itself. A پرونده is the *content* and the *concept* of the case. You put a parvande inside a pusheh. Using pusheh to mean 'legal case' is a mistake.
Verb Confusion: Open/Close: While you can 'open' (bāz kardan) a file physically, in a legal sense, 'opening a file' often refers to starting the legal process. If you want to say 'I filed a complaint', you would say پرونده تشکیل دادم (I formed a file/case), not just 'I opened a file'.

Mistake: من یک پرونده در کامپیوتر دارم.
(Better: من یک 'فایل' در کامپیوتر دارم - for digital files, 'file' is more common.)

Another mistake is the pluralization with numbers. In English, we say 'five cases'. In Persian, we say panj parvande. Adding the plural marker -hā after a number is grammatically incorrect in standard Persian. Also, remember the Ezafe! Never say parvande pezeshki; it must be parvande-ye pezeshki.

Lastly, avoid using parvande to mean a 'briefcase'. For a briefcase, use kif-e dasti or kif-e samsonite. Parvande is the information inside, not the leather bag carrying it.

To truly master the use of پرونده, it helps to compare it with its synonyms and related terms. While parvande is the most versatile term for 'file/case', other words offer more specific meanings depending on the context.

سابقه (Sābeqe) - Record/History: While a parvande is the physical collection, سابقه refers to the history or background. For example, 'criminal record' is su-ye sābeqe. You look into someone's sābeqe by reading their parvande.
مدرک (Madrak) - Document/Evidence: A parvande contains many مدارک (plural of madrak). If you are missing a piece of paper, you are missing a madrak, not the whole parvande.
فایل (File) - Digital File: In IT and modern tech, the English loanword فایل is dominant. If you are talking about a .pdf or .docx, use file. If you are talking about the 'legal matter' of those documents, use parvande.

تفاوت بین پرونده و پوشه:
پرونده (Case/Content) vs. پوشه (Folder/Container)

In some formal contexts, you might hear دوسیه (Dossiye). This is a French loanword used primarily in Afghanistan (Dari) and occasionally in very old-fashioned Iranian formal speech. In modern Iran, parvande has almost entirely replaced it.

When referring to a person's life story or a collection of their works, کارنامه (Kārnāme) is used. While a parvande is administrative, a kārnāme is more evaluative, like a report card or a portfolio of achievements.

How Formal Is It?

豆知識

The suffix '-ande' usually marks a present participle (like 'winner' or 'singer'), but in 'parvande', it has evolved into a concrete noun representing the collection itself.

発音ガイド

UK /pæɾvɒːnˈde/

US /pærˌvɑnˈdeɪ/

Final syllable: par-van-DEH.

韻が合う語

دنده (dande - rib) بنده (bande - servant/I) خنده (khande - laugh) زنده (zende - alive) برنده (barande - winner) درنده (darande - predator) آینده (āyande - future) خواننده (khānande - singer)

よくある間違い

Pronouncing it like 'parvaneh' (butterfly). Remember the 'd' sound at the end.
Misplacing the stress on the first syllable.
Vocalizing the 'h' at the end too strongly; it's a silent 'h' representing the 'e' vowel.

難易度

読解 2/5

Easy to recognize in text due to common usage.

ライティング 3/5

Requires remembering the silent 'h' at the end.

スピーキング 2/5

Simple pronunciation, though stress is important.

リスニング 3/5

Can be confused with 'parvaneh' in fast speech.

次に学ぶべきこと

前提知識

نامه (letter) میز (table) دادن (to give) داشتن (to have) دفتر (office/notebook)

次に学ぶ

وکیل (lawyer) دادگاه (court) پزشک (doctor) بایگانی (archive) قاضی (judge)

上級

مختومه (concluded) ذی‌صلاح (competent/authorized) کلاسه (classification) استنادی (evidentiary)

知っておくべき文法

The Ezafe Construction

پرونده‌یِ آبی (The blue file) - Adding 'ye' to nouns ending in 'h'.

Pluralization with -hā

پرونده‌ها (Files) - The standard plural suffix.

Numbers and Singular Nouns

پنج پرونده (Five files) - Noun stays singular after a number.

Direct Object Marker 'rā'

پرونده را بیاور. (Bring the file.) - Used for specific objects.

Compound Verbs

تشکیل پرونده دادن (To form a file) - Using a noun with a helper verb.

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レベル別の例文

این پرونده من است.

This is my file.

Simple demonstrative sentence.

پرونده کجاست؟

Where is the file?

Basic question with 'kojasst'.

او یک پرونده دارد.

He/she has a file.

Subject + Object + Verb.

پرونده آبی است.

The file is blue.

Adjective following the noun.

این پرونده بزرگ است.

This file is big.

Descriptive adjective.

پرونده را بده.

Give (me) the file.

Imperative with direct object marker 'ra'.

نام من روی پرونده است.

My name is on the file.

Prepositional phrase 'ru-ye'.

دو پرونده روی میز است.

Two files are on the table.

Number + singular noun.

من باید یک پرونده جدید باز کنم.

I need to open a new file.

Modal verb 'bayad' + infinitive.

پرونده پزشکی شما اینجاست.

Your medical file is here.

Ezafe construction: parvande-ye pezeshki.

لطفاً پرونده را به من بدهید.

Please give me the file.

Formal imperative 'dahid'.

او پرونده را در کشو گذاشت.

He put the file in the drawer.

Past tense verb 'gozasht'.

پرونده شما کامل نیست.

Your file is not complete.

Negative adjective 'kamel nist'.

من دنبال پرونده‌ام می‌گردم.

I am looking for my file.

Present continuous with 'donbal-e... gashtan'.

پرونده‌های مدرسه در دفتر هستند.

The school files are in the office.

Plural noun 'parvandeh-ha'.

آیا شما پرونده دارید؟

Do you have a file?

Simple question 'aya'.

وکیل در حال مطالعه پرونده است.

The lawyer is studying the case/file.

Continuous aspect 'dar hal-e'.

پرونده به دادگاه فرستاده شد.

The file was sent to the court.

Passive voice 'ferestade shod'.

ما باید مدارک را به پرونده اضافه کنیم.

We must add the documents to the file.

Compound verb 'ezafe kardan'.

این پرونده خیلی حساس است.

This case/file is very sensitive.

Adjective 'hassas'.

پرونده مالیاتی من هنوز باز است.

My tax file is still open.

Compound adjective 'maliyati'.

او پرونده را با دقت بررسی کرد.

He reviewed the file carefully.

Adverbial phrase 'ba deqqat'.

پرونده شامل عکس‌های زیادی است.

The file includes many photos.

Verb 'shamel budan'.

نام او در پرونده ثبت شده است.

His name is registered in the file.

Past participle 'sabt shodeh'.

پرونده قتل هنوز در جریان است.

The murder case is still ongoing.

Phrase 'dar jaryan'.

قاضی دستور داد پرونده مختومه شود.

The judge ordered the case to be closed.

Subjunctive mood 'makhtumeh shavad'.

پرونده فساد مالی تیتر اول اخبار بود.

The financial corruption case was the headline.

Compound noun 'fasad-e mali'.

او برای تشکیل پرونده به کلانتری رفت.

He went to the police station to file a report.

Purpose clause with 'baraye'.

پرونده‌های قدیمی در انبار بایگانی شده‌اند.

Old files have been archived in the warehouse.

Present perfect passive.

وکیل مدافع پرونده را به دقت مطالعه کرد.

The defense attorney studied the case carefully.

Specific noun 'vokil-e modafe'.

این پرونده ابعاد پیچیده‌ای دارد.

This case has complex dimensions.

Plural adjective 'pichideh'.

پرونده به دلیل کمبود مدارک رد شد.

The case was rejected due to lack of evidence.

Reasoning with 'be dalil-e'.

پرونده هسته‌ای ایران سال‌ها مورد بحث بود.

Iran's nuclear dossier was discussed for years.

Historical/Political context.

او پرونده درخشانی در زمینه حقوق بشر دارد.

He has a brilliant record in the field of human rights.

Metaphorical use of 'parvande'.

پرونده‌های بایگانی شده حاوی اطلاعات محرمانه هستند.

The archived files contain confidential information.

Adjective 'mohrāmaneh'.

این پرونده نقطه عطفی در تاریخ قضایی کشور است.

This case is a turning point in the country's judicial history.

Idiomatic 'noqte-ye atf'.

پرونده‌های راکد باید دوباره بررسی شوند.

Dormant files must be reviewed again.

Adjective 'raked' (stagnant/dormant).

بررسی این پرونده ماه‌ها به طول انجامید.

The review of this case lasted for months.

Verb 'be tul anjamidan'.

پرونده شخصیت او بسیار پیچیده است.

His psychological profile/file is very complex.

Psychological context.

او پرونده را به دیوان عالی ارجاع داد.

He referred the case to the Supreme Court.

Formal verb 'arja' dadan'.

پرونده قطور استعمار هنوز در ذهن ملت‌ها باز است.

The thick dossier of colonialism is still open in the minds of nations.

Highly metaphorical/Literary.

او با این حرکت، پرونده زندگی سیاسی خود را بست.

With this move, he closed the chapter on his political life.

Idiomatic 'parvande... bastan'.

پرونده‌های قضایی نباید تحت تأثیر فشارهای سیاسی قرار گیرند.

Judicial cases should not be influenced by political pressures.

Complex passive construction.

این پرونده مبنای بسیاری از قوانین جدید شد.

This case became the basis for many new laws.

Noun 'mabna' (basis).

پرونده‌های مفقود شده اسرار بزرگی را در خود دارند.

The missing files hold great secrets within them.

Mysterious/Narrative tone.

شفافیت در مدیریت پرونده‌ها الزامی است.

Transparency in file management is mandatory.

Abstract noun 'shafafiyat'.

پرونده‌های حقوقی بین‌المللی پیچیدگی‌های خاص خود را دارند.

International legal cases have their own specific complexities.

International register.

او با دقت تمام، پرونده را از منظر جامعه‌شناختی تحلیل کرد.

With total precision, he analyzed the case from a sociological perspective.

Academic register.

よく使う組み合わせ

تشکیل پرونده

پرونده مختومه

پرونده پزشکی

پرونده قضایی

مطالعه پرونده

نقص پرونده

بایگانی پرونده

ارسال پرونده

پرونده هسته‌ای

پرونده مالیاتی

よく使うフレーズ

پرونده‌اش سیاه است

— He has a bad reputation or a long criminal record.

مواظب باش، پرونده‌اش سیاه است.

پرونده را بستن

— To finish or conclude a matter forever.

بیا این پرونده را برای همیشه ببندیم.

پرونده زیر بغل

— Carrying one's file, often implying being in a rush or looking for work/justice.

با پرونده زیر بغل از این اداره به آن اداره می‌رفت.

در جریان بودن پرونده

— The case is still active or ongoing.

پرونده هنوز در جریان است.

تکمیل پرونده

— Completing the necessary documentation.

فردا برای تکمیل پرونده بیایید.

پرونده‌سازی کردن

— To fabricate a case or frame someone.

آن‌ها برای او پرونده‌سازی کردند.

کلاسه پرونده

— The case number or classification code.

کلاسه پرونده شما چند است؟

پرونده را به جریان انداختن

— To initiate or restart a case/process.

او بالاخره پرونده را به جریان انداخت.

ردیف پرونده

— The row or sequence number in an archive.

ردیف پرونده را پیدا نکردم.

محتویات پرونده

— The contents of the file.

محتویات پرونده محرمانه است.

よく混同される語

پرونده vs پروانه (Parvaneh)

Means 'butterfly' or 'license'. Sounds similar but lacks the 'd'.

پرونده vs پوشه (Pusheh)

The physical folder. People often say 'pusheh' when they mean the 'parvande' (the case).

پرونده vs سابقه (Sābeqe)

The 'history' or 'record' itself, whereas 'parvande' is the container of that history.

慣用句と表現

"پرونده کسی را بستن"

— To finish someone off, to kill them, or to ruin their career completely.

با آن اشتباه، پرونده خودش را بست.

Informal/Slang

"پرونده سیاه"

— A dark past or a history of bad deeds.

او پرونده سیاهی در این شهر دارد.

Neutral

"پرونده باز"

— An unresolved issue or a lingering problem.

ما هنوز یک پرونده باز با هم داریم.

Neutral

"پرونده زیر رو کردن"

— To search through records thoroughly to find something hidden.

تمام پرونده‌ها را زیر و رو کردیم.

Informal

"پرونده سفید"

— A clean record (literally: white file).

خوشبختانه او پرونده سفیدی دارد.

Neutral

"پرونده رو کردن"

— To reveal incriminating evidence about someone.

وکیل در دادگاه پرونده جدیدی رو کرد.

Informal

"پرونده‌اش را گذاشت زیر بغلش"

— To fire someone or send them away with their records.

رئیس پرونده‌اش را گذاشت زیر بغلش و اخراجش کرد.

Informal

"پرونده سنگین"

— A serious or complicated case.

این یک پرونده سنگین جنایی است.

Neutral

"پرونده مختومه"

— A closed chapter; something that cannot be changed.

آن عشق دیگر یک پرونده مختومه است.

Literary/Metaphorical

"خاک خوردن پرونده"

— When a case is ignored or forgotten for a long time (literally: gathering dust).

این پرونده سال‌هاست که دارد خاک می‌خورد.

Informal

間違えやすい

پرونده vs پروانه

Phonetic similarity.

'Parvaneh' is a butterfly or a permit (like a driver's license). 'Parvande' is a file/case.

من پروانه رانندگی دارم، اما پرونده قضایی ندارم.

پرونده vs پوشه

Functional overlap.

'Pusheh' is the physical object (folder). 'Parvande' is the abstract concept of the file/case.

پرونده را داخل پوشه بگذار.

پرونده vs مدرک

Part-whole relationship.

A 'madrak' is one document. A 'parvande' is the whole collection.

این مدرک را به پرونده اضافه کن.

پرونده vs فایل

Synonym in English.

'File' (loanword) is for computers. 'Parvande' is for administrative/legal cases.

فایل پی‌دی‌اف در پرونده نیست.

پرونده vs گزارش

Often found together.

A 'gozaresh' is a report. A 'parvande' is the file containing the report.

گزارش در پرونده موجود است.

文型パターン

این [Noun] است.

این پرونده است.

من [Noun] می‌خواهم.

من پرونده‌ام را می‌خواهم.

باید [Noun] را [Verb].

باید پرونده را بررسی کنیم.

[Noun] در حال [Action] است.

پرونده در حال بررسی است.

به دلیل [Reason]، [Noun] [Result].

به دلیل نقص مدارک، پرونده رد شد.

[Noun] به [Authority] ارجاع شد.

پرونده به دادگاه ارجاع شد.

[Noun] مبنایِ [Concept] قرار گرفت.

این پرونده مبنایِ قضاوت قرار گرفت.

با [Action]، [Noun] مختومه گشت.

با صدور حکم، پرونده مختومه گشت.

語族

名詞

پرونده (file)

پرونده‌ساز (case-maker/framer)

بایگانی (archive)

動詞

پرونده‌سازی کردن (to frame/fabricate)

بایگانی کردن (to archive)

形容詞

پرونده‌دار (having a record/criminal)

مختومه (closed/concluded)

使い方

frequency

Extremely high in legal, medical, and administrative domains.

よくある間違い

Using 'pusheh' for a legal case. → Using 'parvande'.
Pusheh is only the physical folder. You cannot have a 'murder pusheh'.
Saying 'panj parvandeh-hā'. → Saying 'panj parvande'.
In Persian, nouns stay singular after a number.
Pronouncing the 'h' at the end. → Pronouncing it as 'e'.
The final 'h' is a silent vowel marker.
Confusing 'parvande' with 'parvaneh'. → Distinguishing the 'd'.
One is a file, the other is a butterfly/license.
Omitting the Ezafe in 'parvande pezeshki'. → Parvande-ye pezeshki.
The 'ye' is mandatory to connect the noun and adjective.

ヒント

The Silent H

The 'h' at the end of 'parvande' is not pronounced as a consonant. It acts as a vowel marker for the 'e' sound. When adding suffixes like 'am' (my), it becomes 'parvandeh-am'.

Legal vs. Office

In an office, 'parvande' is just a file. In a court, it's a 'case'. Context tells you which English word to choose.

Bureaucracy

If someone in Iran says 'parvande-at zir-e dast ast' (your file is under hand), it means they are currently working on it. It's a reassuring phrase.

Par-Van-De

Think of a 'Van' full of 'Paper' (Par) being 'Delivered' (De). Par-Van-De.

Related Verbs

Learn 'peygiri kardan' (to follow up). You often 'peygiri' a 'parvande' in Iranian offices.

Not a Butterfly

Always check for the 'd' (د). Parvande (File) vs Parvaneh (Butterfly). Don't mix them up in writing!

Case Numbers

In formal letters, the case number is called 'shomare-ye parvande' or 'kalasse-ye parvande'.

Ezafe

Don't forget the 'ye' sound: Parvande-ye man. Without it, the sentence sounds broken.

News Keywords

When you hear 'parvande' on the news, listen for 'fasad' (corruption) or 'haste-i' (nuclear) to understand the topic.

Archiving

The word for archiving a file is 'baygani kardan'. Useful for office work.

暗記しよう

記憶術

Imagine a **PAR**rot (Par-) in a **VAN** (-van-) holding a **DE**nted (-de) folder. A Parrot in a Van with a File.

視覚的連想

Picture a massive, dusty filing cabinet in a dark office. Each drawer is labeled 'Parvande'. Inside are the stories of people's lives.

Word Web

Law Medicine Office Folder Case Document Archive Investigation

チャレンジ

Try to use 'parvande' in three different contexts today: once for a doctor, once for a lawyer, and once for your computer files.

語源

Derived from the Persian word 'par' (پر) meaning wing, feather, or leaf. In ancient times, documents were written on leaves or sheets that 'fluttered' like wings.

元の意味： A collection of leaves or sheets bound together.

Indo-European (Persian/Farsi).

文化的な背景

Be careful when asking someone if they have a 'parvande' in a police context, as it implies they are a criminal.

While English uses 'file', 'case', and 'dossier' distinctly, Persian uses 'parvande' for all three.

The movie 'Parvande-ye Havan' (The Havan Case). TV series 'Parvande-haye Majhul' (Unknown Cases). Legal documents in the 'Shahnameh' (metaphorical records).

実生活で練習する

実際の使用場面

At the Hospital

پرونده پزشکی (Medical file)
تشکیل پرونده (Opening a record)
شماره پرونده (File number)
پرونده را بیاورید (Bring the file)

In Court

پرونده جنایی (Criminal case)
وکیل پرونده (Case lawyer)
پرونده مختومه شد (The case was closed)
بررسی پرونده (Reviewing the case)

At School

پرونده تحصیلی (Educational record)
نمره در پرونده (Grade in the file)
انتقال پرونده (Transferring the record)
نقص پرونده (Missing documents)

In the News

پرونده هسته‌ای (Nuclear dossier)
پرونده فساد (Corruption case)
ابعاد پرونده (Dimensions of the case)
جریان پرونده (The course of the case)

In an Office

بایگانی پرونده‌ها (Archiving files)
پرونده پرسنلی (Personnel file)
کمد پرونده‌ها (Filing cabinet)
پرونده را پیدا کنید (Find the file)

会話のきっかけ

"آیا شما در این بیمارستان پرونده دارید؟ (Do you have a file in this hospital?)"

"کلاسه پرونده من را می‌دانید؟ (Do you know my case number?)"

"چرا تشکیل پرونده اینقدر طول می‌کشد؟ (Why does opening a file take so long?)"

"وکیل شما در مورد پرونده چه گفت؟ (What did your lawyer say about the case?)"

"آیا تمام مدارک در پرونده موجود است؟ (Are all the documents available in the file?)"

日記のテーマ

در مورد زمانی بنویسید که مجبور شدید در یک اداره دولتی پرونده تشکیل دهید. (Write about a time you had to open a file in a government office.)

اگر می‌توانستید پرونده زندگی خود را بخوانید، دوست داشتید چه چیزی در آن ببینید؟ (If you could read the file of your life, what would you want to see in it?)

اهمیت نگهداری پرونده‌های پزشکی چیست؟ (What is the importance of keeping medical files?)

یک داستان کوتاه در مورد یک پرونده گمشده بنویسید. (Write a short story about a lost file.)

تفاوت بین پرونده‌های فیزیکی و دیجیتال را توضیح دهید. (Explain the difference between physical and digital files.)

よくある質問

10 問

Parvande refers to the actual 'case' or the 'file' as a collection of info, while Pusheh is the physical folder (usually plastic or cardboard) that holds it. You put a parvande inside a pusheh.

Yes, you can, but 'File' (فایل) is much more common in modern Persian for digital documents. Parvande sounds very formal or old-fashioned in a tech context.

You say 'Parvande-ye pezeshki' (پرونده پزشکی). It is used for both physical charts and electronic health records.

It's an idiom meaning 'Your record is black/dirty', implying you have a bad history, a criminal record, or a very bad reputation.

Add '-hā' to the end: Parvandeh-hā (پرونده‌ها). Note that the 'h' at the end of the singular is silent, but becomes a vowel linker in the plural.

Rarely. It's a French loanword. It's much more common in Afghanistan (Dari). In Iran, Parvande is the standard term.

The most common is 'tashkil-e parvande dadan' (تشکیل پرونده دادن), which means to form or create a file.

It means a 'murder case'. It's a common term in crime news and police procedurals.

No. A briefcase is 'kif-e dasti' or 'kif-e edari'. Parvande is the content, not the bag.

Use the word 'makhtumeh': 'Parvande makhtumeh shod' (پرونده مختومه شد).

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