شکایت کردن 30秒で
- A compound verb meaning 'to complain' or 'express dissatisfaction', combining a noun with 'kardan'.
- Uses the preposition 'az' for the object of complaint and 'be' for the recipient.
- Ranges from casual grumbling to formal legal action depending on the context and register.
- Essential for expressing needs and resolving issues in daily Iranian life and professional settings.
The Persian compound verb شکایت کردن (shekāyat kardan) is a fundamental expression used to convey dissatisfaction, protest, or the act of lodging a formal grievance. Rooted in the Arabic noun 'shekāyat' (complaint) combined with the Persian auxiliary verb 'kardan' (to do/make), it bridges the gap between everyday grumbling and serious legal action. In a social context, Iranians might use it to express annoyance about the weather or a service, while in a professional or judicial context, it refers to the formal process of reporting a crime or a breach of contract.
- Everyday Dissatisfaction
- When a friend constantly talks about how tired they are, you might say they are 'shekāyat kardan'. It captures the essence of vocalizing one's unhappiness about a situation that is perceived as unfair or uncomfortable.
- Legal and Formal Grievances
- In the Iranian legal system, this verb is the standard term for filing a lawsuit or reporting a person to the authorities. It implies a structured process where an official complaint is documented.
او همیشه از غذای رستوران شکایت میکند.
(He always complains about the restaurant's food.)
Understanding the nuance of this word requires looking at the preposition az (from/about). In Persian, you complain 'from' something. This structural difference is crucial for English speakers who are used to complaining 'about' or 'to'. If you are complaining to someone, you use the preposition be (to).
همسایه از سر و صدا شکایت کرد.
(The neighbor complained about the noise.)
- Cultural Context
- In Iranian culture, complaining can sometimes be a form of social bonding or 'deldāri' (sympathy seeking). However, excessive 'shekāyat' is generally discouraged as it is seen as lack of patience (sabr).
Using شکایت کردن correctly involves understanding its grammatical structure and the prepositions that accompany it. Since it is a compound verb, the auxiliary part 'kardan' is what changes to reflect tense, person, and number, while 'شکایت' remains static.
- The Preposition 'Az' (From/About)
- The most common structure is: [Subject] + [az] + [Object of complaint] + [shekāyat kardan]. For example: 'من از ترافیک شکایت دارم' (I have a complaint about traffic - note the use of 'dāram' here which is a variation).
- The Preposition 'Be' (To)
- To specify who you are complaining to: [Subject] + [be] + [Recipient] + [shekāyat kardan]. Example: 'او به پلیس شکایت کرد' (He complained to the police).
مشتری از کیفیت خدمات شکایت کرد.
(The customer complained about the service quality.)
In the present tense, the verb becomes 'شکایت میکنم' (I complain), 'شکایت میکنی' (You complain), etc. In the past tense, it is 'شکایت کردم' (I complained). Note that in spoken Persian, 'kardan' is often shortened or conjugated rapidly, but the 'shekāyat' part remains distinct.
آیا میخواهی از او شکایت کنی؟
(Do you want to complain about him/file a complaint against him?)
When using this verb in a negative sense, the 'na-' prefix is attached to the auxiliary: 'شکایت نمیکنم' (I do not complain). This is a common pattern for all compound verbs in Persian.
The word شکایت کردن is ubiquitous in Iranian daily life, appearing in various registers from the evening news to household bickering. Understanding its context helps in choosing the right tone when speaking.
- In the News and Media
- You will frequently hear this in reports about international relations or legal battles. For example, 'ایران به سازمان ملل شکایت کرد' (Iran complained/lodged a protest to the UN). Here, it carries a weight of formal diplomatic protest.
- At the Workplace
- Employees might 'shekāyat kardan' about their workload or salary. Human Resources (HR) departments often deal with 'shekāyāt' (the plural form of the noun).
او از شرایط کاریاش شکایت داشت.
(He had a complaint about his working conditions.)
In a customer service setting, if you are unhappy with a product, you would go to the 'bakhsh-e shekāyāt' (complaints department). Using the verb 'shekāyat kardan' in this context signals that you are seeking a formal resolution rather than just making a casual comment.
مردم از گرانی شکایت میکنند.
(People are complaining about the high prices.)
Finally, in literature and poetry, 'shekāyat' often refers to the lover complaining about the beloved's cruelty or the soul complaining about its separation from the divine source. This adds a layer of depth to the word beyond its mundane usage.
Even for intermediate learners, شکایت کردن can present some hurdles. Most errors stem from direct translation from English or confusing it with similar-sounding verbs.
- Incorrect Preposition Use
- English speakers often say 'شکایت کردن درباره' (complaining about). While 'darbāre-ye' is 'about', the standard Persian preposition is 'az'. Using 'darbāre-ye' sounds unnatural in this context.
- Confusing with 'Eterāz Kardan'
- 'Eterāz kardan' means 'to protest' or 'to object'. While related, 'shekāyat' is more about the expression of pain or dissatisfaction, whereas 'eterāz' is a more active stance against a rule or decision.
❌ من از او شکایت هستم.
Correct: من از او شکایت دارم یا شکایت میکنم.
Another mistake is using the wrong auxiliary verb. You cannot say 'شکایت دادن' (giving a complaint) to mean you are complaining; although 'shekāyat dādan' might be used in very specific legal contexts for 'submitting' a document, 'kardan' or 'dāshtan' are the standard verbs for the act of complaining itself.
نباید همیشه شکایت کرد.
(One should not always complain.)
Lastly, be careful with the word 'shekāyat' vs 'shekār' (hunting). They sound somewhat similar to a beginner's ear but have entirely different meanings!
To truly master Persian, you should know the synonyms and related terms for شکایت کردن to avoid repetition and sound more like a native speaker.
- Ghele Kardan (گله کردن)
- This is a softer, more personal form of complaining. It’s often used between friends or family members when someone feels hurt or ignored. It’s less about a 'fault' and more about 'feelings'.
- Nāle Kardan (ناله کردن)
- Literally 'to moan' or 'to wail'. It is used when someone is complaining in a very annoying or pitiful way, often about physical pain or bad luck.
او از تنهایی گله میکرد.
(He was complaining/lamenting about loneliness.)
If you want to sound more formal, you might use e'lām-e nārāzāyati kardan (to express dissatisfaction). This is common in business emails or official statements.
او به جای شکایت کردن، راه حلی پیدا کرد.
(Instead of complaining, he found a solution.)
In contrast, the antonym would be 'ghāne' budan' (being content) or 'sepās-gozāri kardan' (to give thanks/be grateful). Knowing these allows you to express the full spectrum of human reaction to circumstances.
How Formal Is It?
豆知識
In classical Persian literature, the 'Ney-nāmeh' by Rumi begins with a 'shekāyat' (complaint) of the reed flute about being separated from the reed bed. This is one of the most famous uses of the word in history.
発音ガイド
- Pronouncing 'shekāyat' as 'she-ka-yet' (incorrect vowel).
- Putting stress on the first syllable of 'kardan'.
- Treating 'shekāyat' and 'kardan' as one word without a slight pause.
- Mispronouncing the 'sh' as a hard 's'.
- Forgetting the 'y' sound in the middle of 'shekāyat'.
難易度
The word is common in news and literature, making it easy to recognize but sometimes hard to parse in complex sentences.
Requires correct spelling of the Arabic root and proper conjugation of 'kardan'.
Easy to use once the 'az' preposition is mastered.
Distinct sound makes it easy to hear in conversation.
次に学ぶべきこと
前提知識
次に学ぶ
上級
レベル別の例文
من شکایت میکنم.
I complain.
Simple present tense.
او شکایت کرد.
He complained.
Simple past tense.
چرا شکایت میکنی؟
Why are you complaining?
Question form.
ما شکایت نمیکنیم.
We do not complain.
Negative present tense.
آنها شکایت کردند.
They complained.
Third person plural past.
شکایت نکن!
Don't complain!
Imperative negative.
من همیشه شکایت میکنم.
I always complain.
Use of adverb 'always'.
او اصلاً شکایت نمیکند.
He doesn't complain at all.
Use of 'aslan' for emphasis.
او از هوا شکایت میکند.
She complains about the weather.
Use of preposition 'az'.
من از این غذا شکایت دارم.
I have a complaint about this food.
Using 'dāshtan' instead of 'kardan'.
بچه از درد شکایت کرد.
The child complained of pain.
Subject-Verb agreement.
ما از سر و صدا شکایت کردیم.
We complained about the noise.
Past tense with object.
او به مادرش شکایت کرد.
He complained to his mother.
Use of preposition 'be'.
آیا از من شکایت داری؟
Do you have a complaint about me?
Question with 'dāshtan'.
او از تنهایی شکایت داشت.
He had a complaint about loneliness.
Past tense of 'dāshtan'.
نباید از همه چیز شکایت کنی.
You shouldn't complain about everything.
Modal verb 'nabāyad'.
اگر راضی نیستی، باید شکایت کنی.
If you are not satisfied, you must complain.
Conditional sentence.
او از رفتار رئیسش شکایت کرد.
He complained about his boss's behavior.
Possessive construction.
مردم از گرانی بنزین شکایت میکنند.
People are complaining about the high price of gas.
Present progressive sense.
من قصد دارم از این شرکت شکایت کنم.
I intend to complain about/sue this company.
Infinitive with 'ghasd dāshtan'.
او هیچوقت از سختی کار شکایت نمیکرد.
He never used to complain about the difficulty of the work.
Past habitual tense.
میتوانید به مدیر رستوران شکایت کنید.
You can complain to the restaurant manager.
Polite form (plural).
او از اینکه دیر شده بود شکایت کرد.
He complained that it was late.
Clause with 'az inke'.
شکایت کردن مشکلی را حل نمیکند.
Complaining doesn't solve any problem.
Gerund/Noun phrase as subject.
همسایهها از سر و صدای شبانه شکایت کردهاند.
The neighbors have complained about the nighttime noise.
Present perfect tense.
او رسماً از همکارش شکایت کرد.
He formally complained about his colleague.
Use of adverb 'rasman'.
وکیل به دادگاه شکایت کرد.
The lawyer filed a complaint with the court.
Formal/Legal context.
او از تبعیض در محل کار شکایت داشت.
She had a complaint about discrimination in the workplace.
Abstract noun object.
ما از کیفیت پایین محصولات شکایت خواهیم کرد.
We will complain about the low quality of the products.
Future tense.
او بدون هیچ شکایتی کارش را تمام کرد.
He finished his work without any complaint.
Prepositional phrase with noun 'shekāyat'.
آیا راهی برای شکایت کردن وجود دارد؟
Is there a way to lodge a complaint?
Existential question.
او از سردرد شدیدی شکایت میکرد.
He was complaining of a severe headache.
Past continuous sense.
او از بیعدالتیهای اجتماعی در کتابش شکایت میکند.
He complains about social injustices in his book.
Intellectual/Literary context.
بسیاری از هنرمندان از سانسور شکایت دارند.
Many artists have complaints about censorship.
Plural subject with abstract object.
او از اینکه صدایش شنیده نمیشود شکایت کرد.
He complained that his voice is not being heard.
Passive voice in sub-clause.
شکایت کردن از تقدیر در اشعار حافظ دیده میشود.
Complaining about fate is seen in Hafez's poems.
Literary analysis.
او از نقض حقوق بشر به مراجع بینالمللی شکایت کرد.
He complained about human rights violations to international authorities.
High-level political vocabulary.
نباید شکایت را با ناله و نفرین اشتباه گرفت.
One should not confuse complaining with moaning and cursing.
Infinitive as subject with 'nabāyad'.
او با وجود مشکلات فراوان، هرگز شکایت نکرد.
Despite many problems, he never complained.
Concessive phrase 'bā vojud-e'.
این شکایت میتواند منجر به تغییر قانون شود.
This complaint could lead to a change in the law.
Potentiality and result.
او از جور زمانه و بیوفایی یاران شکایت میبرد.
He takes his complaint about the cruelty of time and the unfaithfulness of friends (to someone/God).
Use of 'shekāyat bordan' (archaic/literary).
شکایت از وضعیت موجود، اولین قدم برای اصلاحات است.
Complaining about the status quo is the first step toward reforms.
Philosophical statement.
او در لایحه خود، به تفصیل از تخلفات شرکت شکایت کرد.
In his brief, he complained in detail about the company's violations.
Legal jargon 'lāyehe'.
فرهنگ شکایت کردن در جوامع مختلف معانی متفاوتی دارد.
The culture of complaining has different meanings in different societies.
Sociological context.
او از ستمی که بر او رفته بود به درگاه خدا شکایت کرد.
He complained to God's threshold about the oppression he had suffered.
Religious/Classical register.
این پرونده بر اساس شکایت یک شاکی خصوصی باز شده است.
This case has been opened based on the complaint of a private plaintiff.
Legal terminology 'shāki-ye khosusi'.
او از عدم شفافیت در محاسبات مالی شکایت داشت.
He had a complaint about the lack of transparency in financial calculations.
Technical/Business context.
شکایتنامهای علیه مدیر عامل تنظیم و ارسال شد.
A letter of complaint was drafted and sent against the CEO.
Passive construction with compound noun.
よく使う組み合わせ
よく使うフレーズ
— I have a complaint. Used to start a grievance process.
ببخشید، من از این اتاق شکایت دارم.
— There is no room for complaint. Meaning everything is perfect.
همه چیز عالی است، جای شکایت نیست.
— I am not the complaining type. Expressing patience.
من آدم صبوری هستم و اهل شکایت نیستم.
— Where should we take our complaint? Expressing helplessness.
در این وضعیت، شکایت به کجا ببریم؟
— Complaining about oneself. Expressing self-regret.
او همیشه از تنبلی خودش شکایت میکند.
慣用句と表現
— To take one's complaint to God when human justice fails.
مظلوم شکایت به خدا میبرد.
spiritual/literary— He doesn't listen to these complaints at all (ignores them).
هر چه بگویی فایده ندارد، گوشش بدهکار نیست.
informal— Complaining about one's bad luck or destiny.
او همیشه از بخت بدش شکایت میکند.
general— Complaining about the times or the world in general.
پیرمرد از روزگار شکایت داشت.
literary— To start complaining loudly or formally.
او بالاخره سر به شکایت بلند کرد.
formal— To open one's mouth to complain (after being silent).
او پس از سالها لب به شکایت گشود.
literary— To draft a formal document of complaint.
وکیل شکایتنامهای تنظیم کرد.
legal— To complain about everything and everyone (earth and time).
او از زمین و زمان شکایت دارد.
idiomatic— To add more complaints to existing ones.
او هر روز شکایت بر شکایت میافزاید.
formal語族
名詞
動詞
形容詞
関連
暗記しよう
記憶術
Think of 'She-Ka-Yat'. Imagine a girl named 'She' (she) and a 'Cat' (ka) saying 'Yat' (yes) while complaining about their food. She-Cat-Yat.
視覚的連想
Picture a person holding a broken toaster at a customer service desk. Above their head is a speech bubble with the word 'شکایت' in big red letters.
Word Web
チャレンジ
Try to write three things you complained about today using 'من از ... شکایت کردم'. Then, try to write one thing you will never complain about.
語源
The word 'شکایت' (shekāyat) is of Arabic origin (shikāya). It was borrowed into Persian during the early Islamic period. In Arabic, it comes from the root sh-k-w, which relates to showing or revealing a problem or illness.
元の意味： Originally, it meant the act of revealing a grievance or an ailment to someone in order to seek help.
Afro-Asiatic (Arabic root) + Indo-European (Persian 'kardan').文化的な背景
Avoid using 'shekāyat kardan' to elders in a way that sounds disrespectful. Use 'ghele kardan' for softer, emotional grievances.
In English, 'complaining' can sound very negative. In Persian, 'shekāyat' can be more formal (like 'filing a grievance') and is used more readily in official contexts.
実生活で練習する
実際の使用場面
At a Restaurant
- از سرد بودن غذا شکایت دارم.
- میخواهم شکایت کنم.
- بخش شکایات کجاست؟
- او از سرویسدهی شکایت کرد.
In a Legal Setting
Summary
The verb 'شکایت کردن' is the standard way to say 'to complain' in Persian. It is a compound verb where 'kardan' is conjugated. Remember to use 'az' (from/about) for the cause of your complaint. Example: 'Man az garma shekāyat mikonam' (I complain about the heat).
- A compound verb meaning 'to complain' or 'express dissatisfaction', combining a noun with 'kardan'.
- Uses the preposition 'az' for the object of complaint and 'be' for the recipient.
- Ranges from casual grumbling to formal legal action depending on the context and register.
- Essential for expressing needs and resolving issues in daily Iranian life and professional settings.
関連コンテンツ
関連フレーズ
communicationの関連語
اعلام کردن
A2発表する、宣言する。会議の日時が発表されました。 (The meeting time was announced.)
اعلامیه
A1公式な声明や発表、宣言。政府の布告や公共の掲示物、葬儀の案内などに使われます。
عبارت
A2Phrase; expression; statement.
عنوان
A2本、作文、またはその他の芸術作品の名前。タイトルまたは見出し。
عصر بخیر
A1こんにちは / こんばんは。午後4時頃から日没までに使われる挨拶です。
عذرخواهی
A2過失や失敗に対する後悔の表明。
عذرخواهی کردن
A2謝罪する；謝る。彼は遅刻したことを謝罪した。
عذرخواستن
A2謝る。彼は遅刻したことを先生に謝りました。
آدرس دادن
A2住所を教える、または道順を説明すること。
آدرس دهی
A2郵便物やデジタルで、何かの場所を示すプロセス。 これは、手紙や小包が意図した宛先に確実に届くように、住所や経路を指定する行為を指します。
