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B1 noun #3,000 よく出る 6分で読める

تاسف

tasof
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解説 تاسف in your Level:
At the A1 level, you just need to know that 'tasof' is a very formal way to say you are sorry or sad about something. You might hear it in the phrase 'Moteasefam' (I am sorry). Think of it as the 'big brother' of 'Bebakhshid'. While 'Bebakhshid' is for small things like stepping on a toe, 'tasof' is for when you feel real sadness about a situation. You don't need to use it often yet, but recognizing it will help you understand when someone is being very polite or serious. It's a 'feeling' word.
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For A2 learners, 'tasof' becomes more useful in compound forms. You should learn 'tasof khordan' (to feel regret). You can use this to talk about things you are sad about. For example, 'Man barāye u tasof mikhoram' (I feel sorry for him). You are moving beyond just saying 'I'm sorry' to describing a feeling of regret. You might also see it in short news clips or simple stories. It's an important word for showing empathy in Persian culture, which is very important for making friends.
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At B1, you should be comfortable using 'tasof' in various contexts. You understand that it's a noun. You can use 'ba tasof' (with regret) to start a sentence. You also start to see the difference between 'tasof' (regret for any situation) and 'pashimani' (regret for your own actions). You can use it in emails: 'Ba kamal-e tasof nemitavanam biayam' (With great regret, I cannot come). This level is about using the word to sound more natural and sophisticated in your daily interactions and formal writing.
B2 learners should master the nuances. You know that 'ezhar-e tasof kardan' is the standard way for officials to express regret. You can discuss abstract concepts using the word, like 'tasof-e amigh' (deep regret). You understand how it's used in literature to create a mood. You can distinguish between 'tasof' and 'hasrat' (longing regret). Your usage should be precise—you don't just use it for any sadness, but specifically for situations involving regret or a sense of 'alas'. You can also handle the word in complex sentence structures with relative clauses.
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At C1, 'tasof' is a tool for subtle expression. You use it in academic or high-level professional settings. You are aware of its etymological roots and how that affects its synonyms. You can use it to critique social issues, e.g., 'Tasof-avar ast ke...' (It is regrettable that...). You understand the cultural weight of the word in Iranian 'Ta'arof' and social etiquette. You can read modern Persian prose and identify how the author uses 'tasof' to signal a character's internal conflict or the tragic nature of a plot point.
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For C2 mastery, 'tasof' is part of a vast emotional vocabulary. You can use it with poetic flair or clinical precision. You understand its historical usage in classical texts compared to modern Persian. You can engage in deep philosophical debates about the nature of regret ('tasof') versus fate. You can write formal speeches or diplomatic correspondence where the choice between 'tasof' and its synonyms (like 'darigh') carries significant weight. You are fully attuned to the rhythmic and emotional resonance of the word in spoken oratory.
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تاسف 30秒で

  • Tasof is a Persian noun meaning regret or sorrow, often used in formal contexts to express empathy or disappointment regarding past events or misfortunes.
  • It is commonly paired with the verb 'khordan' (to feel) or 'ezhar kardan' (to express), making it a versatile part of compound verbs.
  • Unlike 'pashimani', which is personal remorse, 'tasof' can be felt for others' situations, making it a key word for social empathy and politeness.
  • In formal writing and news, 'ba tasof' (with regret) is a standard way to introduce bad news or decline requests politely and professionally.

The Persian word تاسف (pronounced 'tasof') is a profound noun that encapsulates a spectrum of emotions ranging from mild regret to deep, soul-aching sorrow. Rooted in the Arabic triliteral root 'a-s-f', it signifies a state of grief or remorse over something that has happened, often implying a sense of helplessness or the finality of a situation. In the tapestry of Persian linguistics, تاسف is not merely a word but a vessel for expressing empathy and personal disappointment. It is the bridge between a simple 'I'm sorry' and a formal declaration of mourning or regret. When you use this word, you are tapping into a cultural reservoir of emotional intelligence that values the acknowledgement of loss and the human condition. It is frequently encountered in formal literature, news broadcasts, and everyday conversations where a speaker wishes to convey a sincere sense of 'alas'.

Etymological Root
Derived from the Arabic root 'A-S-F', relating to sorrow and grief.
Grammatical Category
Abstract Noun (اسم معنی), used frequently in compound verbs.
Emotional Intensity
Moderate to High; conveys more weight than a simple 'bebakhshid'.

با کمال تاسف، خبر درگذشت ایشان را شنیدیم.

— With great regret, we heard the news of his passing.

Understanding the nuances of تاسف requires looking at its social application. Unlike 'pashimāni' (remorse for one's own actions), تاسف often describes a reaction to external events or a general state of sadness about a situation. It is the 'pity' you feel for a friend's loss, or the 'regret' a company expresses when a service is unavailable. It is a word of dignity. In a culture where politeness (Ta'arof) is paramount, knowing when to deploy تاسف allows a learner to navigate sensitive social waters with grace. It suggests that the speaker is not just aware of a negative outcome, but is emotionally affected by it. This depth makes it a staple in Persian poetry and modern prose alike, where the fragility of life is a recurring theme.

اظهار تاسف برای اشتباهات گذشته راهی برای شروع دوباره است.

Common Pairing
Usually paired with 'khordan' (to eat/feel) or 'kardan' (to do/express).

Using تاسف correctly involves understanding its role in compound verbs and prepositional phrases. The most common way to use it is with the verb خوردن (khordan), which literally means 'to eat' but in this context means 'to feel' or 'to experience'. When you say تاسف می‌خورم (tasof mikhoram), you are saying 'I feel regret'. This construction is used for personal feelings. Conversely, if you want to express regret to someone else, you might use اظهار تاسف کردن (ezhār-e tasof kardan), which means 'to express regret'. This is highly formal and common in official statements or news reports. For example, a government official might 'express regret' over a diplomatic incident.

او برای فرصت‌های از دست رفته تاسف می‌خورد.

Another vital structure is the adverbial use: با تاسف (bā tasof), meaning 'with regret' or 'regrettably'. This often starts a sentence to set a somber tone. For instance, 'With regret, I must inform you...' translates to با تاسف باید به اطلاع شما برسانم.... It is also important to distinguish between تاسف and متاسف (moteasef). The former is the noun (regret), while the latter is the adjective (sorry/regretful). You say 'Man moteasefam' (I am sorry), but 'Man tasof mikhoram' (I feel regret). Beginners often mix these up, but mastering the noun form allows for more complex and descriptive sentence structures.

Formal Context
Use 'ba kamāl-e tasof' (with utmost regret) for maximum formality.
Informal Context
Use 'heyf' (what a pity) as a more casual alternative to 'tasof'.

You will encounter تاسف in several distinct environments. Firstly, in the world of Iranian media and journalism. News anchors frequently use the phrase موجب تاسف است (it is a cause for regret) when reporting on natural disasters, accidents, or political setbacks. It provides a neutral yet empathetic tone suitable for public broadcasting. Secondly, in the realm of Persian literature and classical poetry. Poets like Hafez or Rumi might not use the modern 'tasof' as frequently as 'afsus', but modern Persian writers use it to describe the internal state of characters grappling with their past. It is a literary staple for building atmosphere and character depth.

در اخبار شنیدم که وزیر از این حادثه ابراز تاسف کرد.

Thirdly, in professional and academic settings. If a student fails to submit an assignment or a colleague misses a meeting, the response often involves تاسف. It is more professional than saying 'I'm sad'. In formal emails, you will see با کمال تاسف used to decline invitations or deliver bad news. Lastly, you'll hear it in daily life during serious conversations about life choices. Parents might express تاسف over a child's decision, or friends might share تاسف over a shared loss. It is a word that signals the conversation has moved from the mundane to the meaningful.

One of the most frequent errors learners make is confusing تاسف (regret) with پشیمانی (pashimāni - remorse). While they overlap, پشیمانی specifically refers to regret over one's own actions—the 'I wish I hadn't done that' feeling. تاسف is broader; you can feel تاسف for someone else's misfortune where you had no part in the cause. For example, if a friend's car is stolen, you feel تاسف, not پشیمانی. Another mistake is the incorrect use of light verbs. Learners often say تاسف کردن when they mean تاسف خوردن. While کردن is used for 'expressing' (اظهار تاسف کردن), the internal feeling is always 'eaten' (خوردن).

اشتباه: من برای تو پشیمانی می‌خورم. (Wrong: I feel remorse for you.)

درست: من برای تو تاسف می‌خورم. (Right: I feel regret/pity for you.)

Additionally, learners sometimes confuse تاسف with عذرخواهی (ozr-khāhi - apology). تاسف is an emotion or a state, whereas عذرخواهی is an action. You can feel regret without apologizing, and you can apologize without feeling true regret. In Persian, if you bump into someone, you don't say 'tasof'; you say 'bebakhshid'. Save تاسف for situations with actual emotional weight. Finally, watch out for the pronunciation. It is not 'tas-sof' with a double 's'; the 's' is single and soft.

Persian is rich with synonyms for sorrow, each with a specific flavor. افسوس (afsus) is perhaps the closest synonym to تاسف. However, افسوس is more poetic and often used as an interjection ('Alas!'). It carries a sense of nostalgia or a sigh for the past. حسرت (hasrat) is another related word, but it specifically denotes a regret mixed with longing or envy—the feeling of missing out on something others have or something you once had. اندوه (anduh) and غم (gham) are more general terms for sadness and grief, lacking the specific 'regret' component of تاسف.

Afsus (افسوس)
Poetic regret, often used as 'Alas!'.
Hasrat (حسرت)
Regret mixed with longing or 'what could have been'.
Pashimāni (پشیمانی)
Remorse for a specific personal mistake.

Then there is دریغ (darigh), which is very formal and often used in literature to express that something valuable has been lost or withheld. While تاسف is common in modern speech, دریغ is something you'll mostly find in books. Understanding these differences allows you to choose the exact emotional 'temperature' for your sentence. If you are sad about a global event, تاسف is perfect. If you are sad you didn't buy that house ten years ago, حسرت is better. If you are sad you broke a vase, پشیمانی is the one.

صد افسوس که جوان رفت! (A hundred regrets that he died young!)

How Formal Is It?

難易度

知っておくべき文法

Compound Verbs with 'Khordan'

Ezafe construction in 'Ezhār-e tasof'

Adverbial phrases with 'Ba'

Subordinate clauses with 'Ke'

Passive voice with 'Shodan'

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レベル別の例文

1

من متاسفم.

I am sorry.

Adjective form of tasof.

2

خیلی تاسف دارد.

It is very regrettable.

Simple noun usage.

3

او تاسف خورد.

He felt regret.

Past tense of 'tasof khordan'.

4

با تاسف، نه.

With regret, no.

Adverbial phrase.

5

تاسف نخور.

Don't be sorry / Don't regret.

Imperative negative.

6

این یک تاسف بزرگ است.

This is a big regret.

Noun with adjective.

7

من برای تو تاسف می‌خورم.

I feel sorry for you.

Present continuous sense.

8

چرا تاسف؟

Why regret?

Simple question.

1

او برای سگش تاسف می‌خورد.

He feels sorry for his dog.

Using 'baraye' (for).

2

ما از این خبر تاسف خوردیم.

We felt regret from this news.

Using 'az' (from/at).

3

آیا تو تاسف می‌خوری؟

Do you feel regret?

Question form.

4

با تاسف فراوان گفتم نه.

With much regret, I said no.

Adding 'faravan' (much).

5

او هیچ تاسفی ندارد.

He has no regret.

Using 'dashtan' (to have).

6

این فیلم خیلی تاسف‌آور بود.

This movie was very regrettable/sad.

Compound adjective 'tasof-avar'.

7

همه برای او تاسف خوردند.

Everyone felt sorry for him.

Subject-verb agreement.

8

تاسف خوردن فایده ندارد.

Regretting is of no use.

Gerund-like usage.

1

با کمال تاسف باید بگویم که امتحان را رد شدی.

With great regret, I must say you failed the exam.

Formal opening phrase.

2

او از اینکه نتوانست بیاید، ابراز تاسف کرد.

He expressed regret that he couldn't come.

Using 'ebraz kardan'.

3

تاسف من برای او واقعی است.

My regret for him is real.

Possessive noun.

4

نباید برای گذشته تاسف خورد.

One shouldn't regret the past.

Modal 'nabayad'.

5

این حادثه باعث تاسف عمیق ما شد.

This incident caused our deep regret.

Causative structure.

6

او با لحنی پر از تاسف صحبت کرد.

He spoke with a tone full of regret.

Descriptive phrase.

7

تاسف می‌خورم که وقت بیشتری نداشتم.

I regret that I didn't have more time.

Subordinate clause with 'ke'.

8

آیا این موضوع جای تاسف دارد؟

Is this matter a cause for regret?

Idiomatic 'jay-e tasof'.

1

دولت برای قربانیان سیل ابراز تاسف کرد.

The government expressed regret for the flood victims.

Formal political context.

2

تاسف او بیشتر به خاطر خودش بود تا دیگران.

His regret was more for himself than others.

Comparative structure.

3

با تاسف بسیار، پروژه متوقف شد.

With much regret, the project was stopped.

Passive voice.

4

او سعی کرد تاسف خود را پنهان کند.

He tried to hide his regret.

Infinitive 'penhan kardan'.

5

این یک مورد تاسف‌بار در تاریخ ماست.

This is a regrettable case in our history.

Adjective 'tasof-bar'.

6

او از صمیم قلب ابراز تاسف کرد.

He expressed regret from the bottom of his heart.

Idiomatic 'az samim-e ghalb'.

7

تاسف خوردن به تنهایی کافی نیست.

Regretting alone is not enough.

Complex subject.

8

ما باید از این اشتباهات با تاسف یاد کنیم.

We must remember these mistakes with regret.

Adverbial usage with 'yad kardan'.

1

عمق تاسف او در کلماتش پیدا بود.

The depth of his regret was evident in his words.

Abstract noun as subject.

2

این تصمیم نسنجیده موجب تاسف همگانی شد.

This ill-advised decision caused public regret.

Formal adjective 'nasanjideh'.

3

او با نگاهی آمیخته به تاسف به من نگریست.

He looked at me with a gaze mixed with regret.

Literary 'amikhte be'.

4

تاسف، بن‌مایه بسیاری از اشعار اوست.

Regret is the motif of many of his poems.

Literary analysis term 'bon-maye'.

5

اظهار تاسف دیپلماتیک همیشه صادقانه نیست.

Diplomatic expression of regret is not always sincere.

Critical social context.

6

او در میان تاسف و خشم گرفتار شده بود.

He was caught between regret and anger.

Emotional complexity.

7

تاسف‌آور است که چنین استعدادی هدر برود.

It is regrettable that such talent goes to waste.

Evaluative 'tasof-avar ast ke'.

8

او با سکوتی سرشار از تاسف اتاق را ترک کرد.

He left the room with a silence full of regret.

Poetic 'sarshar az'.

1

تاسف، در این ساحت، به معنای بازنگری در هستی است.

Regret, in this realm, means a re-evaluation of existence.

Philosophical register.

2

او با ظرافتی خاص، تاسف خود را در لفافه بیان کرد.

With a specific subtlety, he expressed his regret indirectly.

Idiomatic 'dar lafafeh'.

3

این تراژدی، تجسم عینی تاسف بشری است.

This tragedy is the objective embodiment of human regret.

High-level academic vocabulary.

4

او از هرگونه اظهار تاسف رسمی سر باز زد.

He refused any kind of official expression of regret.

Formal 'sar baz zadan'.

5

تاسف او نه از سر ضعف، بلکه از سر آگاهی بود.

His regret was not out of weakness, but out of awareness.

Contrastive structure 'na az sar-e... balke'.

6

در ورای این لبخند، دریایی از تاسف نهفته است.

Beyond this smile, a sea of regret is hidden.

Metaphorical 'dar varay-e'.

7

او به چنان درجه‌ای از تاسف رسیده بود که کلامی نداشت.

He had reached such a degree of regret that he had no words.

Degree construction 'be chenan... ke'.

8

تاسف، وجه ممیزه این دوره از تاریخ نگاری است.

Regret is the distinguishing feature of this period of historiography.

Technical academic term 'vajh-e momayyeze'.

よく使う組み合わせ

اظهار تاسف (Expressing regret)
تاسف عمیق (Deep regret)
جای تاسف (Cause for regret)
با کمال تاسف (With utmost regret)
تاسف خوردن (To feel regret)
موجب تاسف (Causing regret)
لحن تاسف‌بار (Regretful tone)
تاسف همگانی (Public regret)
احساس تاسف (Feeling of regret)
نامه تاسف (Letter of regret)

よく使うフレーズ

با تاسف فراوان (With great regret)
مایه تاسف است (It is a matter of regret)
تاسف می‌خورم که... (I regret that...)
جای تاسف دارد که... (It's a pity that...)
بدون هیچ تاسفی (Without any regret)
از روی تاسف (Out of regret)
یک دنیا تاسف (A world of regret)
تاسف برای گذشته (Regret for the past)
ابراز تاسف رسمی (Official expression of regret)
تاسف قلبی (Heartfelt regret)

よく混同される語

تاسف vs پشیمانی (Remorse)

تاسف vs عذرخواهی (Apology)

تاسف vs خجالت (Shame)

慣用句と表現

"تاسف خوردن به حال کسی (To pity someone)"
"دست تاسف به هم سودن (To rub hands in regret - poetic)"
"تاسف‌بار بودن (To be tragic/regrettable)"
"در حسرت و تاسف ماندن (To remain in longing and regret)"
"آه تاسف کشیدن (To sigh with regret)"
"تاسف بر گذشته سودی ندارد (Regretting the past is useless)"
"با کوهی از تاسف (With a mountain of regret)"
"تاسف‌نامه (A letter or poem of regret)"
"اشک تاسف ریختن (To shed tears of regret)"
"در دریای تاسف غرق شدن (To be drowned in a sea of regret)"

間違えやすい

تاسف vs تأسف

تاسف vs تأسف

文型パターン

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使い方

nuance

Tasof is more about the 'feeling' of sorrow, while Pashimani is about the 'action' of regret.

formality

Highly recommended for business and formal correspondence.

よくある間違い
  • Using 'tasof kardan' for personal feelings.
  • Confusing 'tasof' with 'bebakhshid'.
  • Saying 'Man tasofam' to mean 'I am sorry'.
  • Using 'tasof' for something you are excited about.
  • Pronouncing it as 'tassof' with a double 's'.

ヒント

Verb Pairing

Always pair 'tasof' with 'khordan' for personal feelings. This is a unique Persian construction. It literally means 'to eat regret'. It implies the feeling is internal and consumed by the person.

Showing Empathy

In Iran, saying 'tasof mikhoram' when someone loses something is highly valued. It shows you are 'ba-shour' (perceptive/empathetic). It is a key part of building deep relationships in Persian culture.

Formal Rejections

If you need to say 'no' to a job offer or invitation, start with 'Ba tasof'. It softens the blow and maintains the relationship. It is the gold standard for professional Persian writing.

Synonym Choice

Use 'Afsus' for poetic situations and 'Tasof' for practical ones. 'Afsus' is for the 'passing of spring', while 'Tasof' is for 'missing a deadline'. Choosing the right one shows your level.

Short Vowels

The 'a' in 'tasof' is short (like 'cat' in some accents, or 'apple'). Don't stretch it into a long 'aa'. Keep the word quick and crisp to sound like a native speaker.

Adjective Forms

Learn 'tasof-bar' and 'tasof-avar'. They are interchangeable but 'tasof-avar' is slightly more common in modern speech. Both mean 'regrettable' and are great for describing news.

News Keywords

When listening to Persian news, 'tasof' is a 'red flag' word. It usually precedes news about accidents or deaths. Identifying it early helps you prepare for the context of the report.

Poetic Roots

Even though it's a noun, think of 'tasof' as an action of the heart. Persian culture views emotions as active things you experience. This is why you 'eat' regret rather than just 'having' it.

Tone Matters

The word 'tasof' loses its meaning if said too quickly or happily. Match your facial expression to the word. A slight frown or a look of concern is necessary when using this word.

Root Association

Associate 'tasof' with 'Asaf' (a common name). It helps you remember the 'A-S-F' root. Knowing the root helps you recognize related words in Arabic and Persian easily.

暗記しよう

記憶術

Think of 'Tasof' as 'Tears Of' (Sorrow). The 'T-S' sound can remind you of 'Tears' and 'Sorrow'.

語源

文化的な背景

Always express 'tasof' when someone tells you about a minor or major misfortune.

In poetry, 'tasof' is often linked to the passing of time (Gozar-e Zaman).

実生活で練習する

実際の使用場面

会話のきっかけ

"آیا تا به حال برای کاری تاسف خورده‌ای؟ (Have you ever regretted something?)"

"بزرگترین تاسف زندگی تو چیست؟ (What is your life's biggest regret?)"

"چطور می‌توانیم بدون تاسف زندگی کنیم؟ (How can we live without regret?)"

"آیا برای فرصت‌های از دست رفته تاسف می‌خوری؟ (Do you regret missed opportunities?)"

"وقتی کسی ابراز تاسف می‌کند، چه حسی داری؟ (How do you feel when someone expresses regret?)"

日記のテーマ

Write about a time you felt deep 'tasof' for a friend.

Describe a 'tasof-bar' (regrettable) event in history.

How does 'tasof' differ from 'pashimani' in your experience?

Write a formal letter expressing 'tasof' for missing a meeting.

Reflect on the phrase 'tasof bar gozashte sudi nadarad'.

よくある質問

10 問

Tasof is general regret or sorrow for any situation, even those not caused by you. Pashimani is specifically remorse for your own actions or mistakes. You feel tasof for a disaster, but pashimani for lying. Both are important but used in different contexts.

Yes, but it sounds a bit serious. If you are with close friends, 'heyf' (what a pity) or 'nā-rāhat' (sad) are more common. Use 'tasof' when you want to show deep empathy or discuss serious life topics. It adds a layer of maturity to your speech.

You would usually use 'Pashiman' for this: 'Az an kar pashimanam'. However, you can say 'Baraye an kar tasof mikhoram' to sound more formal or to emphasize the sorrow it caused you. Most Persians would prefer 'pashimanam' for personal actions.

Yes, it originates from the Arabic root A-S-F. Like many Persian words, it was borrowed and integrated into the language centuries ago. It follows Persian grammar rules now, especially when used in compound verbs like 'tasof khordan'. Its meaning remains very similar to the original Arabic.

It is an adjective meaning 'regrettable' or 'lamentable'. It is used to describe situations, news, or events. For example, 'Yek hadese-ye tasof-avar' means 'a regrettable accident'. It is a very common word in Persian media and formal reports.

In standard Persian, 'tasof' is an abstract uncountable noun and is rarely pluralized. You wouldn't say 'tasof-ha'. Instead, you use intensifiers like 'tasof-e faravan' (much regret) or 'tasof-e amigh' (deep regret) to show more intensity.

The direct opposite would be 'Rezayat' (satisfaction) or 'Shadi' (happiness). While 'tasof' is looking back with sadness, 'rezayat' is looking back with contentment. There isn't one single word that perfectly flips 'tasof', but these are the closest.

There is no 'v' in 'Tasof' (تاسف). It ends with an 'f' sound. Some people might confuse it with other words, but ensure you end with a clear, soft 'f'. The stress is usually on the second syllable: ta-SOF.

No, 'Moteasefam' is the adjective/verb form meaning 'I am sorry'. 'Tasof' is the noun meaning 'regret'. You use 'Moteasefam' to apologize, and 'Tasof' to talk about the feeling of regret itself.

This is a very formal phrase used to deliver bad news. Use it in emails, formal speeches, or when you have to decline a serious request. It shows high respect and genuine sorrow for the negative news you are delivering.

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