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B1 noun #9,000 よく出る 11分で読める

توناژ

tonazh 上位9,000

練習する例文メモとヒント توناژ 30秒で

解説 توناژ in your Level:

At the A1 level, you don't need to worry too much about the technical aspects of color theory. Think of 'توناژ' (tonâž) as a fancy way to say 'color' or 'kind of color'. When you see a red that looks a little bit like orange, you are seeing a different 'tonality'. In A1, you might just use the simple color names like 'blue' (آبی) or 'red' (قرمز). But if you want to sound a bit more advanced, you can use 'توناژ' to talk about things like your favorite lipstick or the color of a shirt. For example, if you say 'I like this tonality', it means you like this specific version of the color. It is a noun, and it comes from French, which makes it easier for English speakers to remember because it sounds like 'tone'. Just remember that in Persian, we add an 'e' sound at the end when we want to describe it, like 'tonâž-e zard' (yellow tonality). Even as a beginner, knowing this word helps you understand makeup videos or fashion ads in Persian. It's a great word to have in your pocket to show you know more than just the basics.

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As an A2 learner, you are starting to describe things in more detail. 'توناژ' (tonâژ) is very useful here. Instead of just saying 'The wall is blue', you can say 'The wall has a cool tonality' (دیوار توناژ سردی دارد). This makes your Persian sound much more natural. At this level, you should focus on the two main types of tonalities: 'warm' (گرم - garm) and 'cool' (سرد - sard). You will hear these two words paired with 'توناژ' all the time. For example, in a clothing store, a shopkeeper might tell you that a certain color suits your skin because of its 'warm tonality'. You should also notice that 'توناژ' is used for things that are visual. We don't use it for music or voices yet. Think of it as the 'flavor' of a color. Just like food can be sweet or spicy, a color can have a 'توناژ' that is golden or grey. Practice using it with the verb 'داشتن' (to have). For example: 'این پارچه توناژ قرمز دارد' (This fabric has a red tonality). This simple sentence structure will help you communicate much more effectively in daily life.

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At the B1 level, you are expected to handle more complex descriptions and understand the nuances of modern vocabulary. 'توناژ' (tonâž) is a perfect B1 word because it is frequently used in professional and social contexts like interior design, photography, and the beauty industry. You should understand that 'توناژ' refers to the 'undertone' or 'tonal value' of a color. It is what makes a 'warm grey' different from a 'cool grey'. At this stage, you should be able to distinguish 'توناژ' from 'تناژ' (tanâž), which means 'tonnage' (weight). This is a common point of confusion. Remember: 'To-nâž' is for color, 'Ta-nâž' is for weight. You should also start using 'توناژ' in Ezafe constructions to describe specific aesthetic qualities. For example, 'توناژهای پاستلی' (pastel tones) or 'توناژهای خنثی' (neutral tones). Being able to discuss these concepts shows that you have moved beyond basic communication and are now able to express opinions on style, art, and presentation. It is a key word for anyone living in an urban Iranian environment where aesthetics are highly valued.

At the B2 level, you should be comfortable using 'توناژ' (tonâž) in technical and abstract discussions. You are no longer just describing a shirt; you are analyzing the 'tonality' of a film's cinematography or the 'tonal balance' of a graphic design project. You should understand how 'توناژ' interacts with lighting and environment. For example, you might discuss how the 'توناژ' of a room changes from morning to evening based on the sunlight. At this level, you can also use the plural 'توناژها' to describe a complex palette. You should be able to explain the emotional impact of different tonalities—how 'dark tones' might create a sense of mystery or 'bright tones' create energy. You should also be aware of the word's register. While it is a loanword, it is the standard term in modern professional Persian. Using it correctly in a business meeting or an art critique demonstrates a high level of cultural and linguistic competence. You should also be able to use it in more complex sentence structures, such as 'با توجه به توناژ پوست شما...' (According to your skin tonality...), which is a common way to give professional advice in the beauty or fashion sectors.

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For C1 learners, 'توناژ' (tonâž) should be a tool for precise and sophisticated analysis. You should be able to use it to discuss the history of Persian art, perhaps comparing the 'tonalities' used in Safavid miniatures to those in modern Iranian painting. At this level, you are expected to understand the subtle differences between 'توناژ', 'فام' (hue), and 'درخشندگی' (luminosity). You should be able to critique a work of art or a piece of architecture by discussing how the 'tonality' of the materials contributes to the overall 'atmosphere' (فضا - fazâ). You might also encounter this word in psychological contexts, discussing the 'tonality of colors' and their effect on human behavior. Your usage should be fluid and integrated into complex grammatical patterns, such as using it as a subject in passive sentences or in hypothetical conditions. For example: 'اگر توناژهای گرم‌تری در این فضا به کار می‌رفت، محیط صمیمی‌تر به نظر می‌رسید' (If warmer tones had been used in this space, the environment would have seemed more intimate). At C1, your mastery of this word reflects your ability to navigate the highest levels of Persian aesthetic and professional discourse.

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At the C2 level, you have a near-native grasp of 'توناژ' (tonâž) and its place in the Persian linguistic landscape. You understand not only its direct meaning but also its cultural connotations. You can use it to discuss the 'visual language' of a director like Abbas Kiarostami, analyzing the specific 'tonalities' of the Iranian landscape in his films. You are aware of the linguistic evolution of the word—how it was borrowed and how it functions alongside indigenous Persian terms like 'طیف' (spectrum) or 'لون' (color/hue). You can navigate technical manuals for color grading software in Persian or participate in high-level debates about urban planning and the 'color identity' of a city. At this level, you might even use the word metaphorically, though its primary use remains visual. Your ability to use 'توناژ' with perfect Ezafe, pluralization, and in conjunction with highly specific adjectives (e.g., 'توناژهای ماتیته' for matte tones or 'توناژهای متالیک' for metallic tones) signifies a complete integration of the word into your professional and personal lexicon. You use it with the confidence of an expert, whether you are writing a scholarly article on aesthetics or negotiating a contract in the textile industry.

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練習する例文メモとヒント

توناژ 30秒で

A noun referring to the specific quality, undertone, or character of a color.
Commonly used in fashion, makeup, art, and interior design to describe color nuances.
A modern loanword from French, distinct from the word for weight (tanâž).
Essential for describing 'warm' or 'cool' tones in professional and social settings.

The Persian word توناژ (tonâž) is a fascinating example of linguistic adaptation in modern Persian. While its roots are technically linked to the concept of 'tonnage' in terms of weight, its most frequent contemporary use in lifestyle, fashion, and art contexts refers to the tonality or the underlying character of a color. When an English speaker talks about the 'undertone' of a foundation or the 'warmth' of a paint color, a Persian speaker uses توناژ. It describes the subtle variations that make a blue feel 'icy' versus 'royal' or a red feel 'earthy' versus 'vibrant'. This word is essential for anyone interested in the visual arts, interior design, or the beauty industry in Iran.

Artistic Context: In painting and digital design, it refers to the specific value and temperature of a hue. Artists discuss how different توناژها create depth and mood in a composition.

این نقاشی دارای توناژهای سرد و آرام‌بخش است که حس تنهایی را منتقل می‌کند.

Translation: This painting has cool and relaxing tones that convey a sense of loneliness.

Understanding the difference between the primary color and its توناژ is key to advanced Persian fluency. For instance, two objects might both be 'green', but one has a yellowish tonality while the other has a bluish tonality. In Persian, you would describe this as having a توناژ زرد or توناژ آبی. This distinction is vital in professional settings where precision in color description is required, such as in textile manufacturing or graphic design agencies in Tehran.

Cosmetic Application: The term is ubiquitous in makeup tutorials. Beauty influencers often discuss 'skin undertones' using this word. For example, identifying if a skin type has a warm or cool توناژ determines which products will look most natural.

برای انتخاب کرم‌پودر مناسب، باید به توناژ پوست خود دقت کنید.

Translation: To choose the right foundation, you must pay attention to your skin's tonality.

Furthermore, the word carries a certain level of sophistication. Using توناژ instead of just 'رنگ' (color) suggests a deeper understanding of aesthetics. It implies that the speaker is looking beyond the surface and analyzing the composition of the light and pigment. This is why you will hear it frequently in Iranian architecture firms when discussing building materials like stone or wood, where the 'tone' of the material must match the overall environment.

Interior Design: Designers use توناژ to harmonize different elements of a room. A wooden floor with a red tonality might clash with furniture that has a grey tonality.

استفاده از توناژهای چوبی در دکوراسیون، حس صمیمیت ایجاد می‌کند.

Translation: Using wood tones in decoration creates a sense of intimacy.

In summary, توناژ is a versatile noun that bridges the gap between technical color theory and everyday fashion. It allows for a more nuanced conversation about the world around us. Whether you are describing the golden 'tonality' of a sunset over the Alborz mountains or the 'ashy' tone of a new hair dye, this word provides the precision needed for expressive and accurate Persian communication.

Using توناژ correctly involves understanding its role as a noun that often acts as the head of an Ezafe construction (linking two words with an 'e' sound). It is most commonly followed by an adjective describing the quality of the tone (e.g., warm, cool, dark, light) or a noun identifying the specific color influence (e.g., blue, gold, grey). This section explores the grammatical structures and common pairings that will help you sound like a native speaker when discussing aesthetics.

Descriptive Patterns: The most common pattern is [Noun] + [توناژ] + [Adjective/Color]. For example, 'پوست با توناژ گرم' (Skin with a warm tonality).

دیوارهای اتاق با توناژ خاکستری رنگ‌آمیزی شده‌اند.

Translation: The walls of the room have been painted with a grey tonality.

When discussing photography or cinematography, توناژ is used to describe the 'color grade' or the overall feel of the visual. You might hear a director say they want a 'nostalgic tonality'. In this context, the word moves beyond just physical color and starts to touch upon the emotional atmosphere created by those colors. It is a powerful tool for describing the 'vibe' of a visual piece.

Comparative Usage: You can compare two items by their توناژ. For instance, 'این پارچه توناژ روشن‌تری نسبت به قبلی دارد' (This fabric has a lighter tonality compared to the previous one).

نورپردازی این صحنه توناژ زرد زیادی دارد.

Translation: The lighting of this scene has too much yellow tonality.

In the fashion world, particularly in Iran where color coordination is highly valued, توناژ is used to discuss matching accessories with outfits. A stylist might suggest that while your scarf is green, its توناژ matches the blue of your coat perfectly because they both share a 'cool' undertone. This level of detail is what distinguishes a basic description from a professional one.

Action-Oriented Sentences: Verbs like 'داشتن' (to have), 'ایجاد کردن' (to create), and 'تغییر دادن' (to change) are frequently used with توناژ.

آرایشگر توناژ موهای او را به بلوند دودی تغییر داد.

Translation: The hairdresser changed her hair tonality to ash blonde.

Finally, remember that توناژ can be pluralized as توناژها when referring to a variety of different tones within a single piece or a collection. This is common when reviewing an exhibition or a new season's fashion line. By mastering these sentence patterns, you will be able to articulate complex visual concepts with ease and accuracy in any Persian-speaking environment.

If you walk into a modern shopping mall in Tehran, such as Iran Mall or Palladium, you are almost certain to hear the word توناژ. It is a staple of the urban, middle-to-upper-class vocabulary, particularly among those who follow global trends in beauty and design. Unlike some traditional Persian words that might feel archaic, توناژ feels contemporary and chic. It is the language of the 'Instagram era' in Iran, where visual aesthetics are paramount.

Beauty Salons (Arayeshgah): This is perhaps the most common place to hear the word. Hair colorists and makeup artists use it constantly to explain why a certain shade will or won't work for a client. 'این رنگ توناژ قرمزی داره' (This color has a red tonality) is a common phrase used to warn about unwanted brassiness in hair.

مشتری از آرایشگر خواست که توناژ زرد موهایش را بگیرد.

Translation: The customer asked the hairdresser to remove the yellow tonality from her hair.

You will also encounter توناژ in the world of Persian digital media. YouTube and Aparat (the Iranian version of YouTube) are filled with tech reviewers and photographers who discuss the 'color science' of cameras like Sony or Canon. They will analyze the توناژ پوست (skin tones) produced by different sensors, often debating which brand provides the most realistic or pleasing tonality. This technical usage highlights the word's importance in the digital age.

Interior Design Studios: When picking out tiles, paints, or fabrics, designers will use توناژ to ensure a cohesive look. They might say, 'We need a carpet with a warmer توناژ to balance the concrete walls.'

طراح دکوراسیون بر استفاده از توناژهای خنثی تاکید داشت.

Translation: The interior designer emphasized using neutral tones.

Beyond these specific industries, you'll hear it in casual conversations about fashion. Friends shopping together might say, 'That blue doesn't suit you; it has a purple توناژ that makes you look pale.' It’s a word that helps Iranians express their keen eye for detail and their cultural emphasis on appearance and presentation. Whether in a high-end boutique or a local printing house discussing the 'tonality' of a brochure, the word is an indispensable part of modern Persian life.

Art Galleries (Galleri-gardy): During art openings in Tehran, critics and enthusiasts use توناژ to discuss the artist's palette and how the color choices affect the viewer's subconscious.

منتقد هنری درباره توناژهای تیره در آثار متأخر نقاش صحبت کرد.

Translation: The art critic spoke about the dark tones in the painter's late works.

In conclusion, توناژ is everywhere visuals matter. It is a word that signals modernity, professional expertise, and aesthetic sensitivity. By listening for it in these contexts, you'll gain a deeper appreciation for how Persian speakers perceive and describe the colors of their world.

One of the most confusing aspects of the word توناژ (tonâž) for learners—and even some native speakers—is its phonetic and orthographic similarity to تناژ (tanâž). While they sound nearly identical to the untrained ear, they have completely different meanings and origins. Understanding this distinction is the first step toward avoiding the most common mistake associated with this word.

Mistake 1: Confusing Tonnage with Tonality: تناژ (Tanâž) refers to the weight of a ship or the capacity of a truck in 'tons'. توناژ (Tonâž) refers to color tone. Using the 'a' sound (tanâž) when you mean color is a frequent slip-up.

اشتباه: این لباس تناژ زیبایی دارد. (Wrong: This dress has a beautiful 'tonnage'.)

Another common error involves the over-application of the word. Because توناژ sounds like a technical, 'fancy' word, some learners use it in place of the simple word 'رنگ' (color) in every situation. While 'توناژ' is great for describing the character of a color, it shouldn't replace the color name itself. You wouldn't say 'The tonality of my car is red' if you just mean the car is red. You use it when discussing the shade or undertone.

Mistake 2: Using it for Sound: In English, 'tone' can refer to sound. In Persian, توناژ is almost exclusively visual. For the tone of a voice or a musical instrument, use 'لحن' (lahn) or 'طنین' (tanin).

اشتباه: توناژ صدای او خیلی بم است. (Wrong: His voice 'tonality' is very deep.)

A third mistake is related to pluralization. Some learners try to use Arabic-style pluralization (like 'توناژات') because many Persian words ending in 'at' follow that rule. However, توناژ is a loanword from French/English, so it should always take the standard Persian plural 'ها' (ha). Always say توناژها, never anything else.

Mistake 3: Incorrect Ezafe: Sometimes people forget the Ezafe when describing a specific tone. It must be 'توناژِ آبی' (tonâž-e âbi), not just 'توناژ آبی' without the connection sound.

درست: این کرم توناژِ صورتی دارد.

Translation: Correct: This cream has a pinkish tonality.

Finally, be careful with the word 'سایه' (sâye). While 'سایه' means 'shade', it is often used for eye shadow in makeup. Learners sometimes mix up 'توناژ' (the quality of the color) with 'سایه' (the product or the literal shadow). If you are talking about the look of the color, use توناژ. If you are talking about the product you put on your eyelids, use سایه. Avoiding these nuances will make your Persian sound much more natural and professional.

While توناژ is a specific and useful word, Persian offers a rich variety of alternatives depending on the level of formality and the exact nuance you wish to convey. Knowing these synonyms and how they differ from توناژ will significantly expand your descriptive capabilities. Let's look at the most common comparisons.

رنگ (Rang) vs. توناژ: رنگ is the general word for 'color'. توناژ is the specific quality or 'undertone' of that color. Use 'رنگ' for the broad category and 'توناژ' for the detail.

رنگ این مبل قهوه‌ای است، اما توناژ آن به قرمز می‌زند.

Translation: The color of this sofa is brown, but its tonality leans toward red.

Another important word is طیف (teyf), which means 'spectrum' or 'range'. While توناژ focuses on a single quality, طیف describes a whole array of related colors. If you are looking at a paint swatch with ten different blues, you are looking at a طیف آبی. If you are picking one and discussing its 'warmth', you are discussing its توناژ.

سایه (Sâye) vs. توناژ: سایه means 'shade' or 'shadow'. It usually refers to how dark or light a color is (its luminosity). توناژ is more about the 'hue' or 'temperature' (warm vs. cool).

این توناژ از سبز بسیار ملایم است.

Translation: This tonality of green is very gentle.

For those in the printing or digital imaging industry, تراکم رنگ (color density) or غلظت (saturation/concentration) are also related. However, توناژ remains the most versatile word for describing the subjective 'feeling' of a color. It is less about the math of the color and more about the visual impression it leaves on the eye.

تم (Theme) vs. توناژ: Sometimes people use 'تم' (theme) to describe a color scheme. While a توناژ is a property of a single color, a 'تم' is the overall collection of colors in a space.

تم کلی عروسی بر پایه توناژهای طلایی بود.

Translation: The overall wedding theme was based on golden tones.

In summary, if you want to be precise: use رنگ for the name, طیف for the range, سایه for the darkness, and توناژ for the character or undertone. Mastering these distinctions will allow you to describe the world with the same nuance and beauty found in Persian art itself.

How Formal Is It?

豆知識

In Persian, 'تناژ' (tanâž) kept the original meaning of weight, while 'توناژ' (tonâž) morphed to represent 'tonality' because it sounded like the English word 'tone'.

発音ガイド

UK toʊˈnɑːʒ

US toʊˈnɑːʒ

The stress is on the second syllable: to-NÂŽ.

韻が合う語

مونتاژ (montâž - montage) رونتاژ (rontâž) ماساژ (mâsâž - massage) کلاژ (kolâž - collage) گاراژ (gârâž - garage) شارژ (shârž - charge) تیراژ (tirâž - circulation/run) میزانپاژ (mizânpâž - layout)

よくある間違い

Pronouncing it as 'tanâž' (which means tonnage/weight).
Pronouncing the 'ž' as a hard 'j' like 'tonaj'.
Putting the stress on the first syllable.
Using a short 'a' in the second syllable instead of the long Persian 'â'.
Confusing it with 'tonâlite' in musical contexts.

難易度

読解 3/5

Easy to recognize because it sounds like 'tone' or 'tonnage'.

ライティング 4/5

Requires correct spelling of the 'ژ' (zh) sound and distinguishing it from 'تناژ'.

スピーキング 3/5

Requires the soft 'zh' sound which exists in English 'pleasure'.

リスニング 4/5

Can be easily confused with 'تناژ' (tanâž) in fast speech.

次に学ぶべきこと

前提知識

رنگ (Color) گرم (Warm) سرد (Cool) تیره (Dark) روشن (Light)

次に学ぶ

طیف (Spectrum) هارمونی (Harmony) کنتراست (Contrast) غلطت (Saturation) مات (Matte)

上級

فام (Hue) درخشندگی (Luminosity) عمق میدان (Depth of field) ترکیب‌بندی (Composition) زیباشناسی (Aesthetics)

知っておくべき文法

Ezafe Construction

توناژِ آبی (tonâž-e âbi) - The 'e' links the noun and adjective.

Indefinite 'i'

توناژی (tonâž-i) - A tonality.

Pluralization with 'hâ'

توناژها (tonâž-hâ) - Tonalities.

Comparative Adjectives

توناژِ روشن‌تر (tonâž-e roshan-tar) - A lighter tonality.

Compound Verbs

توناژ داشتن (to have a tonality).

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レベル別の例文

این توناژ قرمز زیبا است.

This red tonality is beautiful.

Simple subject-predicate sentence.

من توناژ آبی را دوست دارم.

I like the blue tonality.

Direct object with 'râ'.

توناژ این پیراهن چیست؟

What is the tonality of this shirt?

Question using 'chist' (what is).

این توناژ خیلی تیره است.

This tonality is very dark.

Adverb 'kheyli' (very) modifying 'tire' (dark).

توناژ روشن برای اتاق خوب است.

A light tonality is good for the room.

Adjective 'roshan' (light) following the noun.

او توناژ زرد را انتخاب کرد.

She chose the yellow tonality.

Past tense of 'entekhâb kardan' (to choose).

آیا این توناژ سبز است؟

Is this tonality green?

Simple question with 'âyâ'.

توناژهای مختلف را ببین.

See the different tonalities.

Imperative mood of 'didon' (to see).

این کرم توناژ گرمی دارد.

This cream has a warm tonality.

Noun + Adjective with indefinite 'i'.

توناژ موهای او بلوند است.

Her hair tonality is blonde.

Ezafe construction 'tonâž-e muhâ'.

او توناژ سرد را ترجیح می‌دهد.

He prefers the cool tonality.

Present tense of 'tarjih dâdan' (to prefer).

این عکس توناژ قدیمی دارد.

This photo has an old tonality.

Adjective 'ghadimi' (old) describing the tone.

ما به توناژهای خنثی نیاز داریم.

We need neutral tonalities.

Plural noun 'tonâž-hâ'.

توناژ آسمان در غروب تغییر می‌کند.

The sky's tonality changes at sunset.

Subject-verb agreement with 'taghyir mikonad'.

این نقاشی توناژهای تیره زیادی دارد.

This painting has many dark tones.

Quantifier 'ziyâdi' (many/much).

لطفاً توناژ روشن‌تری به من بدهید.

Please give me a lighter tonality.

Comparative adjective 'roshan-tar'.

برای این اتاق، توناژهای ملایم مناسب‌تر هستند.

For this room, gentle tones are more suitable.

Comparative 'monâseb-tar' (more suitable).

توناژ پوست شما به رنگ‌های سرد می‌آید.

Your skin tonality suits cool colors.

Verb 'âmadan' used here as 'to suit'.

او سعی کرد توناژ زرد موهایش را از بین ببرد.

She tried to eliminate the yellow tone of her hair.

Compound verb 'az beyn bordan' (to eliminate).

توناژ طلایی در دکوراسیون حس لوکس بودن می‌دهد.

Golden tonality in decoration gives a sense of luxury.

Gerund 'budan' (being) used as a noun.

عکاس از توناژهای گرم برای ایجاد صمیمیت استفاده کرد.

The photographer used warm tones to create intimacy.

Infinitive 'ijâd kardan' (to create) showing purpose.

این پارچه در نورهای مختلف توناژ متفاوتی دارد.

This fabric has a different tonality in different lights.

Adjective 'motafâvet' (different).

باید بین توناژ دیوار و کفپوش هماهنگی باشد.

There should be harmony between the wall and flooring tones.

Preposition 'beyn' (between).

توناژهای پاستلی در مد امسال بسیار محبوب هستند.

Pastel tones are very popular in this year's fashion.

Adjective 'pasteli' (pastel).

توناژهای خاکستری در معماری مدرن بسیار پرکاربردند.

Grey tones are very widely used in modern architecture.

Compound adjective 'porkârboard' (widely used).

کارگردان برای این صحنه توناژهای مایل به سبز را انتخاب کرد.

The director chose greenish tones for this scene.

Phrase 'mâyel be' (leaning towards/ish).

توناژ کلی این مجموعه عکس، حسی نوستالژیک القا می‌کند.

The overall tonality of this photo collection evokes a nostalgic feeling.

Verb 'elghâ kardan' (to evoke/induce).

در چاپ دیجیتال، حفظ توناژهای واقعی پوست بسیار دشوار است.

In digital printing, maintaining realistic skin tones is very difficult.

Gerund 'hefz kardan' (maintaining) as a subject.

توناژهای چوبی تیره، فضا را کوچک‌تر نشان می‌دهند.

Dark wood tones make the space look smaller.

Causative structure with 'neshân dâdan'.

او با مهارت زیادی توناژهای مختلف را با هم ترکیب کرد.

He combined different tonalities with great skill.

Adverbial phrase 'bâ mahârat-e ziyâd'.

توناژ نقره‌ای این ماشین در زیر نور آفتاب می‌درخشد.

The silver tonality of this car shines under the sunlight.

Verb 'derakhshidan' (to shine).

تغییر توناژ نور محیط می‌تواند بر خلق و خوی افراد تاثیر بگذارد.

Changing the tonality of ambient light can affect people's moods.

Compound noun 'kholgh-o-khu' (mood).

تحلیل توناژهای به کار رفته در آثار کمال‌الملک، ظرافت هنری او را نشان می‌دهد.

Analyzing the tones used in Kamal-ol-Molk's works shows his artistic delicacy.

Complex sentence with a subordinate clause.

توناژهای سرد در این فیلم، بر انزوای شخصیت اصلی تاکید دارند.

The cool tones in this film emphasize the main character's isolation.

Prepositional phrase 'bar... ta'kid dâshtan'.

در طراحی وب، انتخاب توناژهای مناسب برای خوانایی متن حیاتی است.

In web design, choosing appropriate tones for text readability is vital.

Noun 'khânâ-yi' (readability).

توناژهای خاکی و طبیعی در این کالکشن، نمادی از بازگشت به طبیعت هستند.

The earthy and natural tones in this collection are a symbol of returning to nature.

Plural agreement between subject and verb 'hastand'.

توناژهای متضاد در این لوگو، باعث جلب توجه فوری مخاطب می‌شود.

The contrasting tones in this logo result in the immediate attention of the audience.

Phrase 'bâ'es-e jalb-e tavajoh' (causing attention).

هنرمند با استفاده از توناژهای مات، حسی از ابهام و رمزآلودگی ایجاد کرده است.

The artist has created a sense of ambiguity and mystery by using matte tones.

Present perfect tense 'ijâd karde ast'.

توناژهای گرم در نورپردازی داخلی، حس گرما و امنیت را منتقل می‌کنند.

Warm tones in interior lighting convey a sense of warmth and security.

Verb 'montaghel kardan' (to convey/transfer).

توناژهای فلزی در طراحی صنعتی مدرن، جلوه‌ای های‌تک به محصولات می‌بخشند.

Metallic tones in modern industrial design give a high-tech look to products.

Verb 'bakhshidan' (to grant/give) used formally.

ظرافت‌های توناژ در مینیاتورهای ایرانی، نشان‌دهنده درک عمیق هنرمندان از نور و رنگ است.

The nuances of tonality in Iranian miniatures indicate the artists' deep understanding of light and color.

Formal plural 'neshân-dahande' (indicating).

توناژهای کدر و خاکستری در معماری شهری، می‌تواند منجر به افسردگی اجتماعی شود.

Dull and grey tones in urban architecture can lead to social depression.

Modal verb 'tavânestan' (can) with 'monjar shodan' (lead to).

بررسی توناژهای رنگی در سینمای کیارستمی، دریچه‌ای به سوی فلسفه بصری اوست.

Examining color tones in Kiarostami's cinema is a window into his visual philosophy.

Metaphorical use of 'dariche' (window).

توناژهای اشباع‌شده در تبلیغات مدرن، برای تحریک هیجانات مصرف‌کننده به کار می‌روند.

Saturated tones in modern advertising are used to stimulate consumer emotions.

Passive voice 'be kâr miravand' (are used).

توناژهای ملایم و هم‌گرا در طراحی رابط کاربری، خستگی چشم را کاهش می‌دهند.

Gentle and convergent tones in UI design reduce eye strain.

Scientific/Technical vocabulary 'râbete-ye kâr-bari' (UI).

توناژهای ارغوانی و بنفش در تاریخ، اغلب به عنوان نمادی از اشرافیت و قدرت تلقی می‌شدند.

Purple and violet tones in history were often regarded as symbols of aristocracy and power.

Passive construction 'talaghi mishodand' (were regarded).

توناژهای ناپایدار و لرزان در آثار امپرسیونیست‌ها، بازتابی از درک لحظه‌ای از واقعیت است.

The unstable and flickering tones in Impressionist works are a reflection of a momentary perception of reality.

Abstract noun 'bâztâb' (reflection).

توناژهای سرد و بی‌روح در طراحی بیمارستان‌ها، ممکن است روند بهبودی بیماران را کند نماید.

Cold and soulless tones in hospital design might slow down the patients' recovery process.

Formal subjunctive 'kond namâyad'.

よく使う組み合わせ

توناژ گرم

توناژ سرد

توناژ پوست

توناژ خنثی

توناژ طلایی

توناژ تیره

توناژ روشن

توناژ پاستلی

توناژ زرد

توناژ خاکستری

よく使うフレーズ

توناژش به قرمز می‌زنه

— Its tonality leans toward red / It has a reddish tint.

این رنگ قهوه‌ایه ولی توناژش به قرمز می‌زنه.

توناژ پوست رو تشخیص دادن

— To identify the skin undertone.

اول باید توناژ پوستت رو تشخیص بدی.

توناژ رنگ رو عوض کردن

— To change the color tone.

می‌خوام توناژ رنگ موهام رو عوض کنم.

ترکیب توناژها

— Mixing/combining tones.

ترکیب توناژهای مختلف کار سختی است.

توناژ طبیعی

— Natural tonality.

او همیشه به دنبال توناژهای طبیعی است.

توناژ مات

— Matte tonality.

این لاک توناژ مات زیبایی دارد.

توناژ براق

— Shiny/glossy tonality.

توناژ براق برای شب مناسب‌تر است.

توناژ هماهنگ

— Harmonious tonality.

باید از توناژهای هماهنگ استفاده کرد.

توناژ ضد زردی

— Anti-yellowing tone (common in hair care).

این شامپو توناژ ضد زردی دارد.

توناژ ملایم

— Gentle/soft tonality.

توناژ ملایم برای اتاق خواب عالی است.

よく混同される語

توناژ vs تناژ (tanâž)

Means 'tonnage' (weight). It is the most common confusion due to similar spelling and sound.

توناژ vs تن (ton)

Can mean 'body' or 'ton' (weight unit). 'توناژ' is more specific to color character.

توناژ vs لحن (lahn)

Means 'tone' of voice or speech. Never use 'توناژ' for voice.

慣用句と表現

"توناژ دادن به چیزی"

— To give a certain 'vibe' or character to something (metaphorical).

او با حرف‌هایش به جلسه توناژ مثبتی داد.

Modern/Informal

"رنگ و توناژ عوض کردن"

— To change one's appearance or stance frequently (similar to 'changing colors').

او مدام رنگ و توناژ عوض می‌کند.

Informal

"توناژ پوست کسی را کندن"

— To criticize someone's appearance or choice of color very harshly (slang).

دوستانش توناژ لباس جدیدش را کندند!

Slang

"در یک توناژ بودن"

— To be in harmony or on the same page (visual metaphor).

افکار ما در یک توناژ هستند.

Metaphorical

"توناژ انداختن"

— To cast a certain tint or reflection.

غروب روی کوه‌ها توناژ نارنجی می‌اندازد.

Neutral

"توناژ گرفتن"

— To take on a certain tone or color quality.

موهایش بعد از استخر توناژ سبز گرفت.

Informal

"بازی با توناژها"

— Playing with tones (creative experimentation).

او در طراحی‌هایش استاد بازی با توناژها است.

Artistic

"توناژ مرده"

— A dull, lifeless color tone.

این دیوار توناژ مرده‌ای دارد، باید رنگش کنیم.

Informal

"توناژ جیغ"

— A very loud, vibrant, or 'screaming' color tone.

من از توناژهای جیغ خوشم نمی‌آید.

Informal

"توناژ سنگین"

— A serious, deep, or 'heavy' color tone.

کت و شلوار او توناژ سنگینی داشت.

Fashion

間違えやすい

توناژ vs تناژ (tanâž)

Phonetic similarity.

Tanâž is weight/capacity (from 'ton'). Tonâž is color tonality (from 'tone'). In speech, the difference between 'a' and 'o' is crucial.

این کامیون ده تن تناژ دارد. (This truck has 10 tons capacity.)

توناژ vs تنالیته (tonâlite)

Same root meaning.

Tonâlite is strictly academic or musical. Tonâž is used for everyday visual aesthetics like makeup and clothes.

تنالیته این آهنگ در مینور است. (The tonality of this song is in minor.)

توناژ vs سایه (sâye)

Both describe color variations.

Sâye is 'shade' (light/dark). Tonâž is 'undertone' (warm/cool).

سایه درخت روی زمین افتاد. (The tree's shadow fell on the ground.)

توناژ vs فام (fâm)

Synonyms for color quality.

Fâm is literary and poetic. Tonâž is modern and professional.

گل‌های سرخ‌فام در باغ بودند. (Red-hued flowers were in the garden.)

توناژ vs طیف (teyf)

Related to color ranges.

Teyf is the whole spectrum. Tonâž is one specific tonal quality within or of a color.

طیف نوری خورشید هفت رنگ دارد. (The sun's light spectrum has seven colors.)

文型パターン

این [Noun] [Color] است.

این توناژ قرمز است.

[Noun] توناژ [Adjective] دارد.

پوست او توناژ گرم دارد.

برای [Purpose]، توناژ [Color/Adjective] بهتر است.

برای اتاق، توناژ روشن بهتر است.

توناژ [Noun] حسی از [Emotion] القا می‌کند.

توناژ آبی حسی از آرامش القا می‌کند.

با استفاده از توناژهای [Adjective]، می‌توان [Effect] ایجاد کرد.

با استفاده از توناژهای مات، می‌توان ابهام ایجاد کرد.

ظرافت‌های توناژ در [Context]، نشان‌دهنده [Concept] است.

ظرافت‌های توناژ در نقاشی، نشان‌دهنده عمق هنر است.

توناژ [Noun] به [Other Noun] می‌آید.

توناژ لباس به پوستت می‌آید.

ترکیب توناژ [Color 1] و [Color 2] جذاب است.

ترکیب توناژ طلایی و مشکی جذاب است.

語族

名詞

توناژ (tonality)

تنالیته (tonality - academic)

تن (tone - general)

動詞

توناژ دادن (to give a tone)

توناژ گرفتن (to take on a tone)

形容詞

توناژدار (having a tone)

تک‌توناژ (monotone - rare)

使い方

frequency

Extremely common in urban settings and specialized industries.

よくある間違い

Using 'توناژ' for sound. → Using 'لحن' or 'طنین'.
In English, 'tone' is for sound and color. In Persian, 'توناژ' is only for color. Never use it to describe a voice or music.
Pronouncing it 'tanâž'. → Pronouncing it 'tonâž'.
The 'a' version refers to weight (tonnage). The 'o' version refers to color. Mixing them up changes the meaning entirely.
Forgetting the Ezafe. → توناژِ سرد (tonâž-e sard).
Persian nouns must be linked to their describing adjectives with the 'e' sound. Skipping it is a major grammatical error.
Using Arabic plurals like 'توناژات'. → توناژها (tonâž-hâ).
Since it's a loanword from French/English, it should always take the regular Persian plural suffix '-hâ'.
Using 'توناژ' instead of the color name. → این لباس قرمز است.
Don't say 'The tonality of this dress is red' if you just mean the dress is red. Use 'توناژ' for the *quality* of the red.

ヒント

Use the Ezafe

Always remember the short 'e' sound when connecting 'توناژ' to a color or adjective. It's 'tonâž-e garm', not just 'tonâž garm'. This is essential for grammatical correctness.

Pair with Temperature

The most natural way to use this word is with 'گرم' (warm) and 'سرد' (cool). These are the most frequent collocations and will make you sound very fluent.

Beauty Talk

If you are in an Iranian 'آرایشگاه' (beauty salon), use 'توناژ' to explain exactly what color you want for your hair or makeup. It helps the professional understand your needs better.

The 'Zh' Sound

Practice the 'ژ' sound. It's like the 's' in 'treasure'. If you pronounce it like a 'j', it might be understood, but it won't sound native. 'Tonâ-zh'.

Weight vs Color

Never use 'توناژ' for weight. If you are talking about tons of cargo, the word is 'تناژ' (tanâž). Keeping these separate is a sign of a high-level learner.

Interior Design

When decorating, use 'توناژهای خنثی' (neutral tones) for things like curtains or rugs to create a modern, sophisticated look that is very popular in Tehran right now.

Describe Mood

Use 'توناژ' to describe the mood of a painting. Darker tones (توناژهای تیره) often suggest mystery or sadness, while lighter tones (توناژهای روشن) suggest joy or openness.

Comparative Forms

Use 'توناژِ روشن‌تر' (lighter tone) or 'توناژِ تیره‌تر' (darker tone) to compare two items. This is very useful when shopping for clothes or paint.

Photography Grading

In digital photography, use 'اصلاح توناژ' (tonal correction) to describe the process of fixing the colors in a photo. This is a common technical phrase.

Complimenting

A great way to compliment someone's style is to say 'این توناژ رنگ خیلی بهت میاد' (This color tone suits you very much). It's more specific than just saying they look good.

暗記しよう

記憶術

Think of 'Tone' + 'Age'. A 'Tone' that has 'Aged' into a specific character. To-nâž.

視覚的連想

Imagine a painter's palette where one 'ton' of paint is being carefully mixed to get the perfect 'tonality'.

Word Web

رنگ (Color) آرایش (Makeup) نقاشی (Painting) مد (Fashion) گرم (Warm) سرد (Cool) طراحی (Design) پوست (Skin)

チャレンジ

Go to an online Persian makeup store (like Digikala or Khanoumi) and try to find the word 'توناژ' in the product descriptions for foundations or hair dyes.

語源

Borrowed from French 'tonnage', which originally referred to the capacity of ships in tons. In Persian, the phonetic form was adapted into two distinct paths.

元の意味： Tonnage (weight or capacity).

Indo-European (via French/English loanword).

文化的な背景

No specific sensitivities, but using it correctly shows respect for the listener's aesthetic intelligence.

English speakers use 'tone' for both sound and color. Persian speakers only use 'توناژ' for color.

Used in Persian fashion magazines like 'Ideal' or 'Style'. Commonly heard on the TV show 'Befarmaeed Sham' (Persian Come Dine With Me) when guests discuss home decor. Used by famous Iranian makeup artists like Elnaz Golrokh in tutorials.

実生活で練習する

実際の使用場面

At the Hairdresser

توناژ قرمزی موهام رو بگیر.
می‌خوام توناژش دودی باشه.
این توناژ به صورتم میاد؟
توناژ زردش خیلی زیاده.

Buying Makeup

این کرم توناژ نخودی داره.
دنبال توناژ صورتی هستم.
توناژ پوست من سرده.
توناژ این رژ خیلی تیره است.

Interior Design

توناژ پارکت باید با مبلمان ست باشه.
توناژهای روشن فضا رو باز می‌کنه.
از توناژهای خنثی استفاده می‌کنیم.
توناژ این کاغذ دیواری طلاییه.

Photography

توناژ عکس رو کمی گرم‌تر کن.
توناژهای مشکی خیلی عمیق نیستن.
این لنز توناژ رنگی خاصی داره.
توناژ پوست در این عکس عالیه.

Art Class

باید توناژها رو با هم ترکیب کنی.
توناژهای سرد حس دوری میدن.
توناژ سایه‌ها رو تیره‌تر کن.
این توناژ سبز خیلی طبیعیه.

会話のきっかけ

"به نظر تو این توناژ رنگ برای اتاق خواب خیلی جیغ نیست؟ (Do you think this tone is too loud for the bedroom?)"

"چطوری می‌تونم توناژ پوست خودم رو تشخیص بدم؟ (How can I identify my skin tonality?)"

"تو توناژهای گرم رو بیشتر دوست داری یا سرد؟ (Do you like warm tones more or cool tones?)"

"این توناژ رژ لب به لباس جدیدت خیلی میاد. (This lipstick tone suits your new dress very well.)"

"فکر نمی‌کنی توناژ این عکس زیادی زرده؟ (Don't you think the tonality of this photo is too yellow?)"

日記のテーマ

امروز درباره توناژهای رنگی که در طبیعت دیدی بنویس. (Write about the color tones you saw in nature today.)

اگر بخواهی خانه‌ات را رنگ کنی، از چه توناژهایی استفاده می‌کنی؟ چرا؟ (If you wanted to paint your house, what tones would you use? Why?)

توناژ مورد علاقه تو در لباس پوشیدن چیست؟ (What is your favorite tonality in clothing?)

درباره توناژهای رنگی یک نقاشی معروف که دوست داری توضیح بده. (Explain the color tones of a famous painting you like.)

چگونه توناژ نور محیط بر احساسات تو تاثیر می‌گذارد؟ (How does the tonality of ambient light affect your emotions?)

よくある質問

10 問

Not exactly. 'رنگ' (rang) is the general name of a color like 'blue' or 'red'. 'توناژ' (tonâž) describes the specific quality or undertone of that color. For example, a blue might have a 'warm' or 'cool' tonality. Using 'توناژ' allows you to be much more descriptive and precise in your language.

No, that is a common mistake for English speakers. In English, 'tone' applies to both sound and color. In Persian, 'توناژ' is strictly for visual tonality. For a voice, you should use 'لحن' (lahn) or 'طنین' (tanin). Using 'توناژ' for a voice would sound very strange to a native speaker.

This is a very important distinction. 'تناژ' (tanâž) with an 'a' refers to tonnage or weight (like a 5-ton truck). 'توناژ' (tonâž) with an 'o' refers to color tonality. They are spelled differently in Persian and pronounced with different vowels. Always use 'توناژ' for aesthetics.

It is a neutral to professional word. It is used in formal art criticism and professional beauty contexts, but it is also very common in everyday informal conversations about fashion or home decor. It is a modern word that fits well in almost any contemporary setting.

You would say 'توناژِ گرم' (tonâž-e garm). This is a very common phrase in the makeup and fashion world in Iran. You use the noun 'توناژ' followed by the adjective 'گرم' with an Ezafe (the short 'e' sound) connecting them.

It is rarely found in classical Persian literature because it is a modern loanword. In classical texts, you would see words like 'فام' (fâm) or 'رنگ'. However, in modern Persian literature and contemporary essays, it is frequently used to describe visual settings.

Yes, especially if you are talking about a specific metallic finish or a subtle shade. For example, 'این ماشین توناژ نقره‌ای خاصی دارد' (This car has a specific silver tonality). It sounds more professional than just saying the car is silver.

The plural is 'توناژها' (tonâž-hâ). You use this when talking about a variety of different tones in a painting, a collection of clothes, or a range of makeup products. For example: 'توناژهای مختلف این کرم' (The various tonalities of this cream).

Many modern technical and aesthetic terms in Persian were borrowed from French in the 19th and 20th centuries. French was the primary second language of the Iranian elite for a long time, leading to many loanwords in art, fashion, and technology.

Yes, in Persian versions of software like Photoshop or Lightroom, or in tutorials for these programs, 'توناژ' is the standard term used to discuss color grading and tonal adjustments.

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