être chagriné 30秒で
- Être chagriné means to be saddened or vexed, usually in a formal context.
- It requires gender and number agreement with the subject (e.g., chagrinée, chagrinés).
- Commonly followed by 'par' (by a noun) or 'de' (by a verb).
- It is more literary and nuanced than the simple word 'triste'.
The French expression être chagriné is a sophisticated way to describe a state of being saddened, troubled, or deeply disappointed. While the simple word triste (sad) covers a broad spectrum of unhappiness, être chagriné carries a more specific emotional weight. It often implies a mixture of sorrow and a sense of being bothered or vexed by a situation. It is not just a fleeting feeling; it is an internal state where the mind is preoccupied with a specific grief or a regrettable occurrence. In contemporary French, this expression is considered somewhat formal or literary, making it an excellent choice for written correspondence, serious conversations, or when one wishes to express a more nuanced level of emotional distress than common adjectives allow.
- Emotional Nuance
- Unlike the raw intensity of désespéré (desperate), being chagriné suggests a quieter, more reflective type of sadness. It is the feeling you have when a plan falls through, when a friend lets you down, or when you witness an injustice that you cannot easily fix.
Je suis profondément chagriné par la tournure que prennent les événements récents au sein de notre communauté.
The word finds its roots in the noun chagrin, which can mean grief, sorrow, or even a type of rough leather (shagreen). This historical connection to 'roughness' is vital to understanding the word; it describes a sadness that 'scratches' or 'grates' at the spirit. When a French speaker says they are chagriné, they are communicating that something is eating away at them or causing a persistent, irritating sorrow. It is frequently used in professional or formal settings to express regret without sounding overly dramatic or inappropriately personal.
- Social Context
- In social circles, using chagriné can signal that you are a person of culture. It avoids the bluntness of fâché (angry) while still making it clear that you are unhappy with a situation. It is a 'civilized' sadness.
Elle semblait chagrinée de ne pas avoir été invitée à la cérémonie de remise des prix.
- Register Variation
- While triste is universal, chagriné is decidedly more elevated. You will hear it in news broadcasts, read it in high-quality journalism (Le Monde, Le Figaro), and encounter it frequently in 19th-century literature.
Furthermore, the expression can sometimes lean towards 'vexed' or 'annoyed' in certain contexts. If someone is chagriné by a remark, they are not just crying; they are slightly offended and emotionally unsettled. This duality makes it a powerful tool for describing complex interpersonal dynamics where simple sadness doesn't tell the whole story. It bridges the gap between pure emotion and social friction.
Using être chagriné correctly requires an understanding of French adjective agreement and prepositional usage. As a construction involving the verb être (to be) and the past participle of the verb chagriner, it functions as an adjective describing the subject's state of mind. Therefore, you must always ensure that chagriné matches the gender and number of the person who is feeling the sadness. For a male subject, it is chagriné; for a female subject, chagrinée; for a masculine plural group, chagrinés; and for a feminine plural group, chagrinées.
- Prepositional Patterns
- There are two primary ways to link the feeling to its cause: using de or par. Use de followed by an infinitive verb (e.g., chagriné de voir) or use par followed by a noun (e.g., chagriné par la nouvelle).
Nous sommes chagrinés d'apprendre que votre voyage a été annulé à la dernière minute.
In more complex sentences, you might use que followed by the subjunctive mood, although this is less common than the infinitive construction. For example: Je suis chagriné qu'il ne soit pas venu (I am saddened that he did not come). The use of the subjunctive emphasizes the subjective emotional reaction to the fact. When writing, placing an adverb like fort, bien, or profondément before chagriné can intensify the expression, which is common in formal letters of condolence or regret.
- Common Adverbial Pairings
- 1. Visiblement chagriné (Visibly saddened)
2. Légèrement chagriné (Slightly vexed)
3. Sincèrement chagriné (Sincerely saddened)
Le directeur paraissait chagriné par les résultats financiers du trimestre.
It is also important to note that être chagriné can be used in the passive sense, where something external chagrines (saddens) you. For instance, Cela me chagrine (That saddens/upsets me). This active verbal form is quite common and often sounds more natural in spoken French than the full être chagriné construction, which can feel a bit heavy. However, for B1 learners and above, mastering the adjectival form provides a versatile tool for describing one's state of mind with precision and elegance in both formal and semi-formal contexts.
If you are walking through a bustling market in Marseille or a trendy café in Paris, you might not hear être chagriné every five minutes. It is not a slang term like avoir le seum (to be gutted/annoyed). Instead, you will encounter this expression in specific, more elevated environments. It is a staple of French literature, from the classic novels of Honoré de Balzac and Victor Hugo to modern literary prize winners. In these texts, it is used to describe the internal turmoil of characters who are facing social setbacks or personal losses.
- The World of News and Media
- Journalists on channels like France 24 or in newspapers like Le Monde use être chagriné to report on the reactions of public figures. For example, a politician might be described as 'chagriné' by the failure of a law or a diplomatic incident. It provides a level of dignity to the reportage.
À la radio, l'écrivain s'est dit chagriné de voir la disparition des librairies de quartier.
In professional environments, être chagriné is used to soften the blow of bad news. A manager might say, Je suis chagriné de devoir vous annoncer ce retard. It shows that the speaker is not indifferent to the situation. It’s also common in formal correspondence. If you receive a letter from a French administration or a high-end service provider regarding a mistake they made, they will likely use this term to express their regret.
- Cinema and Theater
- In period dramas or 'films d'auteur', characters often use this expression to convey a sense of melancholy or existential disappointment. It fits the 'ennui' that is often associated with French cinematic traditions.
Dans cette pièce de théâtre, le vieux roi est chagriné par l'ingratitude de ses enfants.
Finally, you might hear it used by older generations. Grandparents might use chagriné to describe their feelings about a grandchild's absence or a change in the neighborhood. For them, it remains a natural part of their daily vocabulary, whereas younger speakers might opt for more modern synonyms like saoulé (informal for annoyed/fed up) or déçu (disappointed).
One of the most frequent mistakes learners make with être chagriné is confusing its intensity and register. It is not a direct replacement for 'sad' in every situation. For instance, saying Je suis chagriné parce que j'ai perdu mes clés (I am saddened because I lost my keys) sounds overly dramatic and slightly ridiculous. In that context, embêté (annoyed) or énervé (irritated) would be much more appropriate. Chagriné implies a deeper, more significant emotional impact.
- Agreement Errors
- Because it ends in an 'é', many learners forget to add the 'e' for feminine subjects or the 's' for plural subjects. Marie est chagriné is incorrect; it must be Marie est chagrinée. In spoken French, these sound the same, but in writing, the error is glaring.
Faux: Ils sont chagriné par la nouvelle.
Juste: Ils sont chagrinés par la nouvelle.
Another common pitfall is the confusion between être chagriné and être en colère (to be angry). While chagriné can include a hint of vexation, it is primarily a sad emotion. If you are shouting and throwing things, you are not chagriné; you are furieux. Using chagriné to describe a state of rage will lead to significant misunderstandings. It is a 'soft' emotion, not a 'hard' one.
- Preposition Confusion
- Learners often use avec or pour after chagriné, influenced by English ('saddened with' or 'saddened for'). In French, you must stick to de or par. Je suis chagriné pour toi is acceptable (I am saddened for you), but chagriné avec la situation is a direct anglicism.
Incorrect: Elle est chagrinée à cause de ton départ.
Better: Elle est chagrinée par ton départ.
Lastly, avoid using it in very informal settings with friends. If you tell your friends you are chagriné because the bar is closed, they might think you are being sarcastic or 'acting posh'. In casual settings, stick to dégoûté (informal) or déçu. Save être chagriné for when you want to sound thoughtful, sincere, and linguistically precise.
To truly master the use of être chagriné, you must know where it sits in the hierarchy of French emotional vocabulary. It is part of a rich family of words that describe various shades of sadness and regret. Understanding the subtle differences between these synonyms will help you choose the right word for every occasion.
- Chagriné vs. Peiné
- Peiné (from peine - pain/sorrow) is very close to chagriné. However, peiné often suggests a more personal hurt, as if someone's feelings have been wounded. Chagriné is slightly more focused on the external situation causing the sadness.
Il est peiné par tes paroles (He is hurt by your words) vs. Il est chagriné par la situation (He is saddened by the situation).
- Chagriné vs. Navré
- Navré is the extreme version of being sorry or saddened. It is often used in formal apologies (e.g., Je suis navré - I am terribly sorry). While chagriné describes a state of mind, navré is more of a performative expression of regret.
- Chagriné vs. Attristé
- Attristé is the direct verbal form of triste. It is more neutral and less 'vexed' than chagriné. If a public figure dies, the president might say he is attristé by the news.
Other alternatives include affligé (deeply distressed/stricken), which is much stronger and often used for major tragedies, and contrarié (annoyed/thwarted), which leans more towards the 'vexed' side of chagriné but without the deep sorrow. If you are contrarié, you are mostly annoyed that things didn't go your way. If you are chagriné, you are both annoyed and truly sad about it. Choosing between these words allows you to paint a precise picture of your emotional landscape, a skill highly valued in French communication.
豆知識
The transition from 'rough leather' to 'sorrow' happened because the roughness of the skin was used as a metaphor for the 'gnawing' or 'grating' feeling of grief. It literally means a sadness that scratches your soul.
発音ガイド
- Pronouncing 'ch' as 'k' (like in 'chaos'). In French, 'ch' is almost always 'sh'.
- Failing to pronounce the 'r' sounds correctly in the throat.
- Making the 'é' at the end sound like 'ee'. It should be a closed 'ay' sound.
- Over-stressing the first syllable.
- Pronouncing the final 'e' in 'être' too strongly.
レベル別の例文
Je suis chagriné.
I am saddened.
Subject + verb être + adjective.
Tu es chagriné ?
Are you saddened?
Inversion or intonation for a question.
Elle est chagrinée.
She is saddened.
Add 'e' for feminine agreement.
Le chat est chagriné.
The cat is saddened.
Masculine singular.
Nous sommes chagrinés.
We are saddened.
Add 's' for plural agreement.
Ils sont chagrinés.
They are saddened.
Masculine plural.
Elles sont chagrinées.
They (women) are saddened.
Feminine plural agreement.
C'est un jour chagrin.
It is a gloomy day.
Chagrin used as an adjective for the day.
Je suis chagriné par la pluie.
I am saddened by the rain.
Use 'par' for the cause.
Elle est chagrinée de partir.
She is saddened to leave.
Use 'de' before an infinitive.
Nous sommes chagrinés pour toi.
We are saddened for you.
Use 'pour' to show sympathy.
Es-tu chagriné par ce film ?
Are you saddened by this movie?
Question with 'par'.
Il est chagriné de son erreur.
He is saddened by his mistake.
Possessive adjective 'son'.
Ma mère est chagrinée aujourd'hui.
My mother is saddened today.
Adverb 'aujourd'hui' at the end.
Ils ne sont pas chagrinés.
They are not saddened.
Negation 'ne... pas'.
Je suis un peu chagriné.
I am a little saddened.
Adverb 'un peu' to moderate intensity.
Le directeur est chagriné par les résultats.
The director is saddened by the results.
Formal context.
Elle est chagrinée d'apprendre la nouvelle.
She is saddened to learn the news.
Infinitive construction.
Nous sommes chagrinés de votre absence.
We are saddened by your absence.
Formal 'votre'.
Il paraissait chagriné après la réunion.
He appeared saddened after the meeting.
Verb 'paraître' instead of 'être'.
Je suis chagriné que tu ne viennes pas.
I am saddened that you aren't coming.
Subjunctive mood after 'que'.
Elle a été très chagrinée par ce commentaire.
She was very saddened by this comment.
Passé composé with 'être'.
Serez-vous chagriné si je pars tôt ?
Will you be saddened if I leave early?
Future tense.
Tout le village était chagriné par ce départ.
The whole village was saddened by this departure.
Imparfait for description.
Je suis profondément chagriné par votre décision.
I am deeply saddened by your decision.
Adverb 'profondément' for emphasis.
Elle semblait chagrinée, bien qu'elle sourie.
She seemed saddened, although she was smiling.
Conjunction 'bien que' + subjunctive.
Nous sommes chagrinés de voir ce monument en ruine.
We are saddened to see this monument in ruins.
Abstract cause.
Il se dit chagriné par le manque de respect.
He says he is saddened by the lack of respect.
Reflexive 'se dire'.
Le poète était chagriné par la perte de sa muse.
The poet was saddened by the loss of his muse.
Literary context.
Elle restait chagrinée malgré nos encouragements.
She remained saddened despite our encouragement.
Preposition 'malgré'.
Je serais chagriné que vous le preniez mal.
I would be saddened if you took it badly.
Conditional mood.
La nouvelle l'a laissé visiblement chagriné.
The news left him visibly saddened.
Direct object pronoun 'l''.
L'auteur se montre chagriné par l'évolution du langage.
The author shows himself to be saddened by the evolution of language.
Sophisticated verb 'se montrer'.
Elle était chagrinée de ne pouvoir remédier à la situation.
She was saddened at being unable to remedy the situation.
Formal 'ne' without 'pas'.
Nous fûmes chagrinés par l'ingratitude de nos hôtes.
We were saddened by the ingratitude of our hosts.
Passé simple (literary).
Il arborait un air chagriné tout au long de la soirée.
He wore a saddened look throughout the evening.
Verb 'arborer'.
Je suis chagriné par cette vision pessimiste du futur.
I am saddened by this pessimistic vision of the future.
Conceptual object.
Sa réponse, bien que polie, me laissa chagriné.
His response, although polite, left me saddened.
Parenthetical clause.
Elle s'est avouée chagrinée par son propre échec.
She admitted being saddened by her own failure.
Reflexive 's'avouer'.
Le peuple était chagriné par l'exil de son roi.
The people were saddened by the exile of their king.
Collective noun subject.
Nul ne saurait être plus chagriné que moi par cet affront.
No one could be more saddened than me by this affront.
Negative 'nul' and 'saurait' (conditional of capacity).
Elle demeurait chagrinée, comme hantée par un regret ancien.
She remained saddened, as if haunted by an ancient regret.
Metaphorical language.
On le sent chagriné par l'inexorabilité du temps qui passe.
One feels him saddened by the inexorability of passing time.
Philosophical nuance.
Il est chagriné de constater la vacuité des débats actuels.
He is saddened to observe the vacuity of current debates.
Sophisticated vocabulary ('vacuité').
La marquise parut chagrinée par le manque de distinction du valet.
The marchioness appeared saddened by the valet's lack of distinction.
Historical register.
Je suis chagriné par l'érosion constante de nos libertés.
I am saddened by the constant erosion of our freedoms.
Political/Abstract context.
Elle s'en retourna, l'âme chagrinée et le cœur lourd.
She went back, her soul saddened and her heart heavy.
Poetic structure.
L'artiste, chagriné par l'incompréhension du public, s'isola.
The artist, saddened by the public's misunderstanding, isolated himself.
Appositive adjective phrase.
よく使う組み合わせ
よく使うフレーズ
— To feel sorrow or grief. It is the noun form of the emotion.
Elle a beaucoup de chagrin depuis son divorce.
— A gloomy or somber face. It describes a person's appearance.
Pourquoi ce visage chagrin ce matin ?
— To cause someone sorrow or to make them sad.
Tes paroles lui ont fait beaucoup de chagrin.
— Something that keeps shrinking or diminishing. Based on Balzac's novel.
Mon budget fond comme peau de chagrin.
— To drown one's sorrows, usually with alcohol.
Il essaie de noyer son chagrin dans le vin.
— What a pity! or What a sorrow! Used as an exclamation.
Quel chagrin de voir cette église brûler !
— To be in a gloomy or irritable mood.
Ne lui parle pas, il est d'une humeur chagrine.
— Without sorrow or worry. Often used in older poetic contexts.
Vivre une vie sans chagrin.
— The sorrow of being away from one's home.
Il a connu le chagrin de l'exil pendant dix ans.
— A big sorrow, often used for children's crying.
Le petit a eu un gros chagrin quand il est tombé.
慣用句と表現
— Refers to something that diminishes inexorably. Originates from Honoré de Balzac's novel where a magic skin shrinks every time a wish is granted.
Le temps qu'il nous reste se réduit comme peau de chagrin.
literary/common— To suppress or hide one's sadness.
Elle a avalé son chagrin pour ne pas inquiéter ses enfants.
neutral— To try to forget one's sadness by drinking alcohol.
Il passe ses soirées au bar à noyer son chagrin.
informal— To be heartbroken after a romantic breakup.
Il ne mange plus, il a un gros chagrin d'amour.
common— A person who is habitually gloomy, critical, or difficult to please.
C'est un esprit chagrin qui trouve toujours quelque chose à redire.
literary— To weep out of sorrow.
Elle est restée dans sa chambre à pleurer son chagrin.
neutral— Sadness is overcoming me.
Quand je pense à l'avenir, le chagrin me gagne.
literary— To comfort someone who is sad.
Rien ne pouvait consoler son chagrin après cette perte.
neutral— A minor disappointment or sadness, often used for trivial matters.
Ne pleure pas pour ce petit chagrin.
child-friendly— To die of a broken heart or extreme sorrow.
On dit qu'elle est morte de chagrin après le décès de son mari.
literary/dramatic語族
名詞
動詞
形容詞
関連
暗記しよう
記憶術
Think of 'Shagreen' leather. Just as that leather is rough and irritating to the touch, being 'chagriné' is an emotional state that feels rough and irritating to the heart.
視覚的連想
Imagine a person holding a piece of rough, sandpaper-like leather against their chest. That physical irritation represents the internal 'chagrin'.
語源
The word 'chagrin' appeared in French in the 14th century. Its origin is somewhat debated, but it is believed to come from the Turkish word 'sağrı', which refers to the back of a horse or the rough skin (shagreen) obtained from it.
元の意味： Rough skin or leather (shagreen).
Turkic origin, adopted into Middle French.Summary
Use 'être chagriné' to express a sophisticated, reflective sadness or disappointment, especially in formal writing or serious conversations. For example: 'Je suis chagriné par votre départ' (I am saddened by your departure).
- Être chagriné means to be saddened or vexed, usually in a formal context.
- It requires gender and number agreement with the subject (e.g., chagrinée, chagrinés).
- Commonly followed by 'par' (by a noun) or 'de' (by a verb).
- It is more literary and nuanced than the simple word 'triste'.
関連コンテンツ
emotionsの関連語
à contrecœur
B1不本意ながら、あるいは渋々何かをすること。
à fleur de peau
B1Oversensitive; easily affected emotionally.
à la fois
B1「同時に」または「一度に」という意味です。
à l'aise
A2快適でリラックスしており、恥ずかしさや心配がない状態。
à regret
B1With regret; reluctantly.
abandon
B1誰かや何かを永久に去る、あるいは放棄する行為。
abasourdi
B1Stunned, dumbfounded, greatly astonished or shocked.
abattement
A2ひどく落胆した状態、または気力の減退。
abattu
A2打ちひしがれた、意気消沈した。
abominable
B1Causing moral revulsion; detestable.
