ペルシア語の数字 0-10 (yek, do, seh)
Number + tâ + Singular Nounの形を使えば完璧だよ!
yek, do, seh を覚えよう。
Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds
Mastering Persian numbers 0-10 is the foundation for everything from buying bread to telling time.
- Zero is 'sefr' (۰).
- Numbers 1-10 are 'yek' (۱) through 'dah' (۱۰).
- Persian numbers are written from left to right, even within RTL text.
Overview
sefr to dah) are not merely standalone words but are the building blocks for all higher numbers and complex numerical expressions. A solid grasp of their form, pronunciation, and usage is indispensable for everyday communication, from exchanging contact information to shopping, telling time, and discussing quantities.How This Grammar Works
two *books* (plural noun), but in Persian, the structure is do ketâb (دو کتاب), literally two book. The number itself conveys the plurality, rendering any plural marking on the noun redundant and grammatically incorrect in this context.two books-es.tâ (تا). While often omitted in formal written contexts or when numbers are used abstractly (e.g., in mathematics), tâ acts as a general unit or piece indicator, placed between the number and the singular noun. For instance, three apples becomes seh tâ sib (سه تا سیب).seh sib (سه سیب) is grammatically correct and used in some formal or poetic registers, seh tâ sib is overwhelmingly preferred in colloquial conversation and lends authenticity to your spoken Persian. Think of tâ as reinforcing the idea of discrete units being counted.yek dâneshjoo(یک دانشجو) – one student (formal/neutral)do ketâb(دو کتاب) – two books (formal/neutral)panj tâ moshteri(پنج تا مشتری) – five customers (colloquial, withtâ)
dâneshjoo, ketâb, and moshteri all remain singular, even when referring to multiple items. The number yek (one) can also function as an indefinite article, similar to a or an in English, signifying a single, unspecified item: yek mard (یک مرد) means a man or one man, depending on context.Formation Pattern
sefr | like safarwithout the second 'a' | Used for zero, empty |
yek | like yeck| Also means
a/an |
do | like doin
dough | |
seh | like saywithout the 'y' sound, short 'e' | |
chahâr | like chah-har| Accent on second syllable |
panj | like punj(u as in
cup) | Symbol looks like a small heart |
shesh | like shesh| Colloquially often
shish |
haft | like huft(u as in
cup) | |
hasht | like husht(u as in
cup) | |
noh | like nobut with a soft 'h' at the end | Can be confused with
na (no/not) |
dah | like dah| |
sefr functions identically to zero in English, indicating an absence of quantity. It is crucial in phone numbers and mathematical contexts. Notice the dot (or hollow circle) for its symbol.
one, yek frequently serves as the indefinite article a or an. For example, yek mard (یک مرد) can mean one man or a man. The distinction often relies on context and emphasis. If you stress yek, it more clearly means one versus other numbers.
do is a simple and common number. Its pronunciation is similar to the English word dough.
ch sound, which is like 'ch' in 'church'. The stress typically falls on the second syllable, ha, and the final r is often softly rolled or tapped.
shesh, in everyday spoken Persian, it is almost universally pronounced shish (شیش). Both are understood, but shish sounds more natural in casual settings. The symbol (۶) is also quite unique.
haft in vowel sound. The sh sound is like in 'she'.
na (نه), which means no or not. Context usually clarifies, but paying attention to the distinct vowel and the soft final 'h' of noh is helpful.
dah is essential as it forms the basis for the tens (e.g., bist for 20, si for 30, but also combining directly for 11-19 as you will learn later). Its symbol is simply 1 (۱) and 0 (۰) together.
When To Use It
- 1Counting Concrete Nouns: This is the most direct application. As established, use the structure Number + (tâ) + Noun (singular).
do ketâb(دو کتاب) – two books (formal context, e.g., on a library list)do tâ ketâb(دو تا کتاب) – two books (colloquial, requesting in a bookstore)chahâr sib(چهار سیب) – four apples (formal, e.g., a recipe ingredient)chahâr tâ sib(چهار تا سیب) – four apples (colloquial, asking for them at a market)
- 1Phone Numbers and Codes: When reciting phone numbers, national ID codes (
kode-meli), or other numerical sequences, each digit is typically read individually from left to right. This is one of the few instances where Persian numbers are *not* read right-to-left like the script.
- Phone number
09123456789:sefr, noh, yek, do, seh, chahâr, panj, shish, haft, hasht, noh(صفر، نه، یک، دو، سه، چهار، پنج، شیش، هفت، هشت، نه) - Password
1234:yek, do, seh, chahâr(یک، دو، سه، چهار)
- 1Telling Basic Time: For simple hours (e.g., 1 o'clock, 7 o'clock), these numbers are directly used with
sâ'at-e(ساعتِ) and the number. More complex time expressions involve additional vocabulary.
sâ'at-e yek(ساعتِ یک) – 1 o'clocksâ'at-e haft(ساعتِ هفت) – 7 o'clock
- 1Stating Age: To express one's age, you combine the number with
sâl(سال - year) and the appropriate verb conjugation forto have(dâshtan).
man panj sâl dâram(من پنج سال دارم) – I am five years old (literally: I have five years)oo dah sâl dârad(او ده سال دارد) – S/he is ten years old
- 1Mathematical Operations: For fundamental arithmetic, these numbers are essential.
yek be alâveh do mishe seh(یک به علاوه دو میشه سه) – One plus two equals threehasht menhây-e panj mishe seh(هشت منهای پنج میشه سه) – Eight minus five equals three
- 1Dates (Day of the Month): When referring to specific days of the month, the number precedes the month name.
do-ye Farvardin(دو فروردین) – Second of Farvardin (a Persian month)haft-e Tir(هفت تیر) – Seventh of Tir
- 1Expressing Quantity Without a Specific Noun: When the noun is understood from context, or you're simply asking
how many?and responding, you use the number, often withtâ.
chand tâ dâri? do tâ.(چند تا داری؟ دو تا.) – How many do you have? Two (of them).yek dâdand(یک دادند) – They gave one.
Common Mistakes
- Pluralizing the Noun After a Number: This is, without a doubt, the most frequent and significant error. As discussed, Persian numbers act as quantifiers, and the noun they modify remains singular. Adding the plural suffix
-hâ(ها) or using an irregular plural form after a number is grammatically incorrect and makes your speech sound very unnatural. - Incorrect:
seh tâ dokhtar-hâ(سه تا دخترها) – three girls (with plural suffix) - Correct:
seh tâ dokhtar(سه تا دختر) – three girls - Incorrect:
panj mardân(پنج مردان) – five men (using irregular pluralmardân) - Correct:
panj mard(پنج مرد) – five men - *Why this happens:* English speakers are accustomed to
two books. The direct transfer of this rule to Persian is the source of the mistake. Remember, the number itself indicates multiplicity.
- Omitting
tâin Spoken Persian (for concrete nouns): While grammatically optional in formal writing, omittingtâwhen counting discrete items in casual conversation can make your Persian sound stiff or even incomplete to a native speaker. It's a key marker of natural, colloquial speech. - Less natural:
do sib mikhâm(دو سیب میخوام) – I want two apples - More natural:
do tâ sib mikhâm(دو تا سیب میخوام) – I want two apples
- Confusing Persian Numerical Symbols: The visual similarity between some Persian digits can be confusing.
- ۰ (sefr) and ۵ (panj): The zero is a simple dot/circle, while five is a more elaborate, almost heart-shaped symbol. Do not mix them up.
- ۴ (chahâr) and ۶ (shesh): While distinct, their shapes can initially be tricky for learners accustomed to Western digits. Pay close attention to their unique forms.
- Pronunciation Difficulties: Specific sounds can pose challenges.
chahâr(چهار) vs.shesh(شش): The initialchsound (as in 'church') ofchahârversus theshsound (as in 'she') ofsheshcan be hard to differentiate in rapid speech or noisy environments. Focus on distinct articulation.noh(نه) vs.na(نه):noh(9) has a slightly longer, more rounded 'o' sound and a subtle final 'h' compared tona(no/not). Context is usually the strongest differentiator, but mindful pronunciation helps.
- Reading Numbers Right-to-Left: Despite Persian text being written and read from right to left, numerical sequences are read and written from left to right, just like in English. This is a crucial exception to the general script directionality.
۱۰is read asdah(10), notsefr-yek(01).۹۸۷is readnoh-hasht-haft, nothaft-hasht-noh.
Real Conversations
Understanding how numbers 0-10 are used in authentic Persian conversations is key to developing practical fluency. Here are several common scenarios:
1. Shopping at a Bazaar or Store:
Imagine you are buying fruit or asking for prices.
- You: in chand-e? (این چنده؟) – How much is this?
- Vendor: panjâ-o-do hezâr toman. (پنجاه و دو هزار تومان.) – Fifty-two thousand Toman.
- You: do kilo sib mikhâm. (دو کیلو سیب میخوام.) – I want two kilograms of apples. (Notice no tâ here because kilo is a unit of measurement already)
- You: yek bârbari lotfan. (یک باربری لطفاً.) – One loaf of bread, please. (bârbari is a type of bread.)
2. Ordering Food or Drink at a Café:
- You: do tâ chây sabz dârid? (دو تا چای سبز دارید؟) – Do you have two green teas?
- Waiter: baleh, albatteh. dige chi? (بله، البته. دیگه چی؟) – Yes, of course. Anything else?
- You: yek âb-miveh porteqâl ham lotfan. (یک آبمیوه پرتقال هم لطفاً.) – And one orange juice, please.
3. Exchanging Contact Information:
- Friend: shomâreh-ye telefon-et chi-ye? (شماره تلفنت چیه؟) – What's your phone number?
- You: sefr-noh-dah-yek-seh-chahâr-do-panj-hasht. (۰۹۱۰۱۳۴۲۵۸) – 0910134258. (Each digit read out individually)
4. Discussing Age or Personal Details:
- You: chand sâl-et-e? (چند سالته؟) – How old are you? (To someone your age)
- Other person: man bist-o-do sâl-am-e. (من بیست و دو سالمه.) – I am twenty-two years old.
- You: pedar-am panjâh-o-hasht sâl-esh-e. (پدرم پنجاه و هشت سالشه.) – My father is fifty-eight years old.
5. Social Media and Online Interactions:
Persian numbers are used extensively in comments, ratings, and casual online discourse.
- Comment: dah az dah! (ده از ده!) – Ten out of ten! (Meaning: perfect score)
- Caption: do tâ ghoroob-e zibâ! (دو تا غروب زیبا!) – Two beautiful sunsets! (Referring to two photos)
- Text message: man haft daqiqe dige miresam. (من هفت دقیقه دیگه میرسم.) – I'll arrive in seven more minutes.
These examples illustrate the natural integration of numbers 0-10 into various communicative functions. Pay attention to the subtle differences in tâ usage and the individual reading of digits for sequences.
Quick FAQ
- Q: Are Persian numbers read from Right-to-Left, like the script?
- A: No. This is a critical exception. Although the Persian script is read Right-to-Left, numerical sequences (like
۱۰for 10 or۹۱۲for 912) are always written and read from Left-to-Right, just as in English. This convention helps prevent confusion and maintains mathematical consistency.
- Q: Is the counter word
tâ(تا) always mandatory when counting? - A: In spoken Persian, especially when referring to discrete, countable objects (like apples, people, or chairs), using
tâbetween the number and the noun is highly recommended and makes your speech sound much more natural and fluent. Omitting it can make your sentence sound incomplete or overly formal. In formal written Persian or when referring to abstract numbers,tâis often omitted.
- Q: How do I distinguish
yek(یک) meaningonefromyekmeaninga/an? - A: Context is key. If you are contrasting
yekwithdo(two) orseh(three), it clearly meansone.If it precedes a noun in a general statement and isn't being emphasized for quantity, it likely functions as an indefinite article. For example,yek ketâb(یک کتاب) can beone bookif you're specifying the quantity, ora bookif you're introducing it generally. Stressingyekcan also emphasize its quantitative meaning.
- Q: Do Persian numbers change form for masculine or feminine nouns, or for singular/plural nouns?
- A: No, absolutely not. This is a major simplification in Persian grammar compared to many European languages. Persian numbers are invariant; they do not inflect for gender, case, or the number of the noun they modify. The noun itself always remains singular when preceded by a number (except in specific idiomatic phrases which are advanced and rare for A1).
- Q: Can
noh(۹) be confused with the Persian wordna(نه - no/not)? - A: Yes, this is a common point of confusion for beginners due to phonetic similarity.
noh(nine) typically has a slightly more rounded 'o' sound and a subtle final 'h'.na(no/not) is usually shorter and more emphatic. Crucially, context almost always clarifies which word is being used. You won't typically usenohto negate a verb, nornato count items.
- Q: How do I write the Persian symbol for zero?
- A: The Persian symbol for zero is
۰. It looks like a small circle or a dot, distinct from the Western0. It's important not to confuse it with a punctuation mark like a period. This symbol is used universally in Persian forsefr.
Persian Numbers 0-10
| Digit | Persian | Transliteration |
|---|---|---|
|
0
|
۰
|
sefr
|
|
1
|
۱
|
yek
|
|
2
|
۲
|
do
|
|
3
|
۳
|
seh
|
|
4
|
۴
|
chahār
|
|
5
|
۵
|
panj
|
|
6
|
۶
|
shesh
|
|
7
|
۷
|
haft
|
|
8
|
۸
|
hasht
|
|
9
|
۹
|
noh
|
|
10
|
۱۰
|
dah
|
Meanings
Cardinal numbers used to quantify objects and indicate sequence.
Counting
Quantifying items.
“یک کتاب (yek ketāb - one book)”
“سه نفر (seh nafar - three people)”
Reference Table
| 記号 | 単語 | 発音 | 使う場面 |
|---|---|---|---|
|
۰
|
صفر
|
sefr
|
電話番号やコード
|
|
۱
|
یک
|
yek
|
物を数えるとき
|
|
۲
|
دو
|
do
|
ペアのもの
|
|
۳
|
سه
|
seh
|
少人数のグループ
|
|
۴
|
چهار
|
chahâr (châr)
|
会話では châr と言うことが多い
|
|
۵
|
پنج
|
panj
|
ハイタッチ
|
|
6
|
شش
|
shesh (shish)
|
会話では shish と言うことが多い
|
|
۷
|
هفت
|
haft
|
ラッキーセブン
|
|
8
|
هشت
|
hasht
|
時間や数え方
|
|
۹
|
نه
|
noh
|
1桁の最後
|
|
۱۰
|
ده
|
dah
|
テストの満点
|
フォーマル度スペクトル
من دو تا دارم. (Casual conversation)
دو تا دارم. (Casual conversation)
دو تا دارم. (Casual conversation)
دوتا دارم. (Casual conversation)
数え方のフレーズの構造
構成要素
- 数字 yek, do...
- 助数詞 tâ (省略可だが一般的)
- 名詞 単数形のみ
英語とペルシャ語の数え方の違い
物を数えるときの手順
数字がありますか?
カジュアルに話していますか?
名詞を付けますか?
数字のビジュアル早見表
見分けにくいもの
- • 5 (ハート型)
- • 0 (ダイヤモンドの点)
- • 2 vs 3 (ギザギザの数)
音が似ているもの
- • Haft (7)
- • Hasht (8)
- • Chahâr (4) vs Châr
レベル別の例文
یک سیب
One apple
دو کتاب
Two books
سه نفر
Three people
چهار روز
Four days
من دو سیب دارم
I have two apples
او سه کتاب میخواهد
He wants three books
پنج نفر اینجا هستند
Five people are here
شش ساعت کار
Six hours of work
قیمت هفت دلار است
The price is seven dollars
هشت نفر در کلاس هستند
Eight people are in class
نه روز مانده است
Nine days remain
ده دقیقه صبر کن
Wait ten minutes
او در رتبه چهارم است
He is in fourth place
پنجاه درصد تخفیف
Fifty percent discount
شش ماه گذشت
Six months passed
هفت روز هفته
Seven days of the week
هشتاد سال پیش
Eighty years ago
نه نفر از ده نفر
Nine out of ten people
دهمین سالگرد
Tenth anniversary
سه بار تکرار کن
Repeat three times
هفت آسمان در ادبیات
Seven heavens in literature
ده فرمان اخلاقی
Ten moral commandments
پنج رکن اسلام
Five pillars of Islam
شش جهت اصلی
Six main directions
間違えやすい
Mixing up 'one' (yek) and 'first' (avval).
よくある間違い
کتاب دو
دو کتاب
دوتا کتاب
دو کتاب
سه کتابها
سه کتاب
دهمین کتابها
دهمین کتاب
文型パターン
من ___ دارم.
Real World Usage
دو کیلو سیب (Two kilos of apples)
魔法の言葉「tâ」
tâ だけは覚えておいて!これだけで会話がぐっとスムーズになるよ。 Do tâ chai や Seh tâ nan みたいにね。ペルシャ語の数え方の万能な道具なんだ。ゼロは「点」
タアロフと数字
Ghâbel nadâre(価値がないから無料だよ)って言われることがあるかも。これは丁寧な嘘(タアロフ)だから、気にせず後で言われる金額を払ってね!
指での数え方
Smart Tips
Don't pluralize the noun after a number.
発音
Vowel length
Ensure 'seh' is short and 'shesh' is crisp.
Counting
Yek, Do, Seh ↑
Rising intonation for lists.
暗記しよう
記憶術
Yek, Do, Seh — think of a 'Yek' (yell) at 'Do' (door) at 'Seh' (sea).
視覚的連想
Imagine a giant '۱' (yek) standing on a '۲' (do) like a circus act.
Rhyme
Yek is one, Do is two, Seh is three, I count for you.
Story
I saw one (yek) bird, then two (do) cats, then three (seh) dogs. They all ran away to the park.
Word Web
チャレンジ
Count your fingers in Persian right now.
文化メモ
Numbers are central to bargaining in bazaars.
Persian numbers are Indo-European in origin.
会話のきっかけ
چند تا سیب داری؟
日記のテーマ
よくある間違い
Test Yourself
mâshin-hâ は複数形だから間違いだね。ghahveh (単数形)にするのが正解。Score: /3
練習問題
1 exercises___ کتاب
Score: /1
Practice Bank
12 exercisesペアを完成させてね
私の番号は 091... (___, noh, yek...)
mikhâham / châi / do / tâ / man
Seven days
数字の5はどれかな?
Seh ___ pizza.
「兄弟が4人います」: 'Chahâr barâdar-hâ dâram.'
フォーマル: Shesh。話し言葉: ___
ペルシャ語で「10」を正しく書いているのは?
覚え方のコツ
「hasht」の意味は?
yek, do, ___, chahâr
Score: /12
よくある質問 (1)
Yes, it is 'sefr'.
Scaffolded Practice
1
Mastery Progress
Needs Practice
Improving
Strong
Mastered
In Other Languages
dos libros
Spanish numbers have gender.
Learning Path
Prerequisites
Related Grammar Rules
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