l'étranger 30秒で
- L'étranger means abroad or foreign countries.
- Use 'à l'étranger' for 'abroad'.
- It's a masculine noun.
- Common in travel and international contexts.
Understanding "l'étranger"
The French word l'étranger is a noun that primarily refers to a foreign country or the state of being abroad. It's a versatile term used in various contexts, from everyday conversations about travel to more formal discussions about international relations. Think of it as the French equivalent of 'abroad,' 'foreign lands,' or 'the foreign.'
- Core Meaning
- Refers to a country that is not one's own; a place outside of one's native land.
- Usage Context
- Commonly used when discussing travel, immigration, international business, cultural differences, or simply experiencing life in a different country.
Je rêve de voyager à l'étranger un jour.
When you talk about going 'abroad,' you're talking about going 'à l'étranger.' If you are a French citizen living in Canada, you are living 'à l'étranger' from the perspective of someone in France. The term is fundamental for expressing the concept of being in a foreign land, whether for leisure, work, or study.
Les lois de l'étranger peuvent être différentes.
It's also important to note that 'l'étranger' can sometimes refer to a foreign person, although the term 'un étranger' (masculine) or 'une étrangère' (feminine) is more common for an individual. However, in certain contexts, the collective 'l'étranger' can encompass foreign nationals in general. This usage is less frequent for learners but good to be aware of.
- Key Concept
- The core idea is 'otherness' in terms of nationality or origin.
Cet homme est un étranger pour moi.
Understanding the context is crucial. While 'l'étranger' primarily means 'abroad,' it can evolve to mean 'a foreigner' or even 'a stranger' in specific situations, highlighting the nuanced nature of language. However, for B1 learners, focus on its primary meaning related to foreign countries and travel.
Mastering "l'étranger" in Context
Using l'étranger correctly in sentences involves understanding its role as a noun and the prepositions that typically accompany it. The most common construction is 'à l'étranger,' signifying 'abroad' or 'in a foreign country.' This phrase is the workhorse for discussing international travel and residence.
- Basic Structure: à l'étranger
- This is the most frequent way to express being or going to a foreign country. It functions as an adverbial phrase.
Elle travaille à l'étranger depuis cinq ans.
Beyond 'à l'étranger,' 'l'étranger' can also be the subject or object of a sentence, often referring to the concept of foreign lands or international matters more broadly.
- As a Subject/Object
- Can be used to discuss general aspects of foreign countries or international affairs.
L'étranger fascine souvent les jeunes.
Consider sentences where 'l'étranger' is modified by adjectives or other phrases to specify the type of foreign context.
- With Modifiers
- Adds detail to the concept of 'foreign lands' or 'abroad'.
Les coutumes de l'étranger sont parfois surprenantes.
Sentences involving 'l'étranger' often relate to personal experiences, aspirations, or observations about the world outside one's home country.
- Relating to Personal Experience
- Connecting the concept of abroad with individual actions or feelings.
Mon rêve est de vivre un an à l'étranger.
Understanding these patterns will help you integrate 'l'étranger' smoothly into your French conversations and writing.
- Practical Application
- Focus on common phrases like 'aller à l'étranger,' 'vivre à l'étranger,' and 'travailler à l'étranger' for practical communication.
Real-World Encounters with "l'étranger"
You'll hear and see the word l'étranger frequently in everyday French conversations, media, and literature, especially when topics revolve around travel, international affairs, or personal experiences abroad. Its prevalence makes it a key vocabulary item for anyone engaging with the French language.
- Travel and Tourism
- When people discuss their vacation plans, past trips, or dreams of visiting other countries, 'à l'étranger' is the go-to phrase. You'll hear it on travel blogs, in tourist brochures, and during conversations among friends planning a getaway.
Nous avons passé nos vacances à l'étranger l'été dernier.
In news reports and discussions about global events, 'l'étranger' is used to refer to foreign countries or international contexts.
- News and Current Events
- Journalists and commentators often use 'l'étranger' when discussing international relations, foreign policy, or events happening outside of France. You'll encounter it in articles, on television news, and in radio broadcasts.
Le président a rencontré des dirigeants de l'étranger.
Educational settings, especially language classes and international studies programs, are prime locations for hearing and using 'l'étranger.' Students learning French will encounter it in textbooks, class discussions, and assignments.
- Educational Contexts
- In French language courses, it's used to teach concepts of travel, geography, and cultural exchange. International relations students will use it in academic discourse.
Personal anecdotes and stories shared by friends or family members who have lived or traveled extensively abroad will also feature 'l'étranger' prominently.
- Personal Narratives
- When someone recounts their experiences living or working in a different country, they will naturally use phrases like 'vivre à l'étranger' or discuss their impressions of 'l'étranger.'
Il est parti étudier à l'étranger pendant ses études universitaires.
In literature, 'l'étranger' appears in novels and stories that explore themes of displacement, cultural discovery, or the experiences of expatriates.
- Literature and Film
- Authors use it to set scenes in foreign lands, describe characters' journeys, or reflect on the broader world.
Avoiding Pitfalls with "l'étranger"
While l'étranger is a fundamental word, learners can sometimes misuse it, particularly concerning prepositions, its singular vs. plural sense, and confusion with the word for 'stranger.' Being aware of these common mistakes will significantly improve your accuracy.
- Incorrect Prepositions
- The most common error is using the wrong preposition. While 'à l'étranger' is standard for 'abroad,' learners might incorrectly use 'en étranger' or other prepositions. Remember that 'à' is the preposition that typically precedes 'l'étranger' when referring to a location or state of being abroad.
Incorrect: Je vais en étranger.
Correct: Je vais à l'étranger.
Another frequent mistake is confusing 'l'étranger' (abroad/foreign countries) with 'un étranger' or 'une étrangère' (a foreigner, a male or female person from another country).
- Confusing with 'a foreigner'
- Using 'l'étranger' when you mean a specific person from another country. While 'l'étranger' can sometimes refer to foreigners collectively, it's more precise to use 'un étranger' or 'une étrangère' for an individual.
Incorrect: J'ai rencontré l'étranger hier.
Correct: J'ai rencontré un étranger hier.
Learners sometimes forget that 'l'étranger' is a masculine noun, which affects the articles and adjectives used with it.
- Gender Agreement
- Failing to recognize 'l'étranger' as masculine. For instance, using feminine articles or adjectives incorrectly.
Incorrect: La vie à l'étranger est belle.
Correct: La vie à l'étranger est belle.
Another subtle error can be using 'l'étranger' when a specific country name would be more appropriate. While 'l'étranger' is general, sometimes precision is needed.
- Overgeneralization
- Using 'l'étranger' when a specific country name (e.g., 'en Italie,' 'au Japon') would be more accurate and informative.
Incorrect: J'adore voyager à l'étranger.
Better: J'adore voyager en Italie.
Finally, confusion can arise with the word 'étranger' when used as an adjective (foreign), but here we are focusing on the noun form. Always check if you need the noun 'l'étranger' or the adjective 'étranger' modifying another noun.
- Noun vs. Adjective
- Confusing the noun 'l'étranger' (abroad) with the adjective 'étranger' (foreign), which modifies other nouns (e.g., 'un pays étranger' - a foreign country).
Incorrect: Je suis allé à l'étranger pays.
Correct: Je suis allé dans un pays étranger.
Navigating Nuances: Alternatives to "l'étranger"
While l'étranger is the most common term for 'abroad' or 'foreign lands,' French offers other ways to express similar concepts, each with its own shade of meaning and usage. Understanding these alternatives can enrich your vocabulary and help you express yourself more precisely.
- Un pays étranger (A foreign country)
-
This is a more specific term than 'l'étranger' when used collectively. It refers to a singular, distinct foreign nation. While 'l'étranger' can refer to 'foreign countries' in a general sense, 'un pays étranger' points to one particular country outside your own.
Usage Example: 'Je n'ai jamais visité un pays étranger si lointain.' (I have never visited such a distant foreign country.)
Comparison: 'L'étranger' is broader, encompassing the concept of 'abroad' or 'the foreign,' whereas 'un pays étranger' is more concrete, referring to a specific nation.
- L'outre-mer (Overseas/The overseas territories)
-
This term specifically refers to French territories located outside of mainland France, such as the French Antilles, Réunion, or French Polynesia. It is not used for foreign countries in general.
Usage Example: 'Il part travailler dans les départements de l'outre-mer français.' (He is going to work in the French overseas departments.)
Comparison: 'L'outre-mer' is exclusively for French overseas territories, whereas 'l'étranger' refers to any country that is not France.
- À l'étranger (Abroad)
-
This is not a separate word but the most common prepositional phrase using 'l'étranger.' It functions adverbially and is the direct equivalent of 'abroad.' When you want to say 'to go abroad' or 'to live abroad,' you use 'aller à l'étranger' or 'vivre à l'étranger.'
Usage Example: 'Elle a décidé de poursuivre ses études à l'étranger.' (She decided to pursue her studies abroad.)
Comparison: 'À l'étranger' is the idiomatic phrase that uses the noun 'l'étranger' to denote the state or destination of being abroad. 'L'étranger' itself is the noun representing the concept or place.
- Un étranger / Une étrangère (A foreigner)
-
These are the singular forms referring to a person from another country. While 'l'étranger' can sometimes be used collectively to mean 'foreigners,' these are the precise terms for an individual.
Usage Example: 'Il est un étranger ici.' (He is a foreigner here.)
Comparison: 'L'étranger' (noun) refers to the concept of abroad or foreign lands. 'Un étranger'/'une étrangère' (noun) refers to a person from another country.
- Le monde (The world)
-
While much broader, 'le monde' can sometimes be used contextually to imply places outside one's own country, especially in discussions about global perspectives or international experiences.
Usage Example: 'Elle veut découvrir le monde.' (She wants to discover the world.)
Comparison: 'Le monde' is the entire planet, whereas 'l'étranger' specifically denotes the parts of the world that are foreign to the speaker.
How Formal Is It?
豆知識
The concept of 'foreigner' has been a significant part of human societies throughout history, leading to the development of related terms across many languages. The Latin root 'extraneus' is also the origin of the English word 'strange,' highlighting a common conceptual link between foreignness and unfamiliarity.
発音ガイド
- Pronouncing the 'an' as a distinct 'a' followed by 'n' instead of a nasal vowel.
- Pronouncing the 'g' as a hard 'g' sound like in 'go' instead of the soft 'zh' sound.
- Incorrectly stressing a syllable other than the last one.
- Not linking the 'l' sound to the following vowel ('l'étranger' sounds like 'le-tranger' rather than 'l-etranger').
- Mispronouncing the 'é' sound at the end.
難易度
At the B1 level, understanding 'l'étranger,' especially in the common phrase 'à l'étranger,' is expected. Texts discussing travel, news, or personal experiences will frequently use this term. Complex literary or academic texts might use it in more nuanced ways, requiring higher comprehension skills.
Learners at B1 should be able to use 'à l'étranger' correctly in sentences about travel or living abroad. More advanced usage, like discussing foreign policy or cultural perceptions, would be at B2 and above. Ensuring correct preposition usage ('à') is key.
Conversational use of 'à l'étranger' for discussing travel plans or experiences is common at B1. Fluency and accuracy in more complex discussions about international matters would be expected at higher levels.
Understanding 'l'étranger' in spoken French, particularly in the phrase 'à l'étranger,' is achievable at B1 when listening to clear, standard speech on familiar topics like travel or news.
次に学ぶべきこと
前提知識
次に学ぶ
上級
知っておくべき文法
Prepositions with 'l'étranger'
The most common preposition used with 'l'étranger' to mean 'abroad' is 'à'. For example: 'vivre à l'étranger' (to live abroad), 'aller à l'étranger' (to go abroad). 'Depuis l'étranger' means 'from abroad'.
Gender and number agreement
'L'étranger' is a masculine singular noun. When used as an adjective, 'étranger' agrees with the noun it modifies: 'un pays étranger' (a foreign country), 'une culture étrangère' (a foreign culture).
Using 'depuis' for duration
'Depuis' is used with 'l'étranger' to indicate how long someone has been abroad: 'Elle travaille à l'étranger depuis 2020.' (She has been working abroad since 2020.)
Distinction between noun and adjective
'L'étranger' (noun) refers to abroad or foreign lands. 'Étranger' (adjective) describes something as foreign: 'une langue étrangère' (a foreign language).
Common verbs used with 'à l'étranger'
Verbs like 'aller', 'vivre', 'travailler', 'étudier', 'rêver' are frequently followed by 'à l'étranger' to express actions related to foreign countries.
レベル別の例文
Je vais voyager.
I am going to travel.
Simple future using 'aller' + infinitive.
Je vais à la plage.
I am going to the beach.
Preposition 'à' for destination.
Il travaille à Paris.
He works in Paris.
Preposition 'à' for cities.
Je parle un peu français.
I speak a little French.
Adverb 'un peu' (a little).
C'est un grand pays.
It is a big country.
Adjective 'grand' agrees with masculine noun 'pays'.
Je veux visiter l'Europe.
I want to visit Europe.
Verb 'vouloir' + infinitive.
Nous aimons les vacances.
We like vacations.
Verb 'aimer' + plural noun.
Elle étudie l'histoire.
She studies history.
Verb 'étudier' + subject.
Je rêve de voyager à l'étranger.
I dream of traveling abroad.
Common phrase 'rêver de' + infinitive. 'À l'étranger' means abroad.
Elle vit à l'étranger depuis deux ans.
She has been living abroad for two years.
'Depuis' is used to indicate a duration that continues into the present.
Mon frère travaille à l'étranger comme ingénieur.
My brother works abroad as an engineer.
'Comme' means 'as' or 'like' when referring to a profession.
Nous avons rencontré des gens intéressants à l'étranger.
We met interesting people abroad.
Adjective 'intéressants' agrees in number and gender with 'gens' (people).
Les voyages à l'étranger élargissent l'esprit.
Traveling abroad broadens the mind.
'Élargissent' is the third-person plural of 'élargir' (to broaden).
Il est difficile de s'adapter à un nouveau pays étranger.
It is difficult to adapt to a new foreign country.
'S'adapter à' means to adapt to. 'Nouveau pays étranger' uses the adjective 'étranger'.
J'ai beaucoup appris à l'étranger.
I learned a lot abroad.
'Appris' is the past participle of 'apprendre' (to learn).
Les coutumes de l'étranger peuvent être surprenantes.
The customs of foreign countries can be surprising.
'Surprenantes' agrees in gender and number with 'coutumes' (customs).
La perspective de vivre à l'étranger m'a toujours fasciné.
The prospect of living abroad has always fascinated me.
'La perspective de' introduces a concept. 'Fasciner' is used transitively here.
Les défis de s'installer à l'étranger sont nombreux.
The challenges of settling abroad are numerous.
'S'installer' means to settle. 'Nombreux' agrees with 'défis' (challenges).
Il est essentiel de comprendre les différences culturelles lorsque l'on voyage à l'étranger.
It is essential to understand cultural differences when traveling abroad.
'Lorsque' is a conjunction meaning 'when.' 'L'on' is a euphonic addition after 'que'.
Beaucoup d'étudiants choisissent de faire une année à l'étranger.
Many students choose to do a year abroad.
'Faire une année à l'étranger' is a common expression for a gap year or study abroad program.
L'impact de la mondialisation sur les économies étrangères est un sujet complexe.
The impact of globalization on foreign economies is a complex subject.
'Économies étrangères' uses the adjective 'étrangères' modifying 'économies'.
La communication avec des personnes de l'étranger peut enrichir notre vision du monde.
Communication with people from abroad can enrich our worldview.
'De l'étranger' can mean 'from abroad' or 'from foreign countries'.
Les normes juridiques varient considérablement d'un pays à l'étranger à un autre.
Legal norms vary considerably from one foreign country to another.
'D'un pays à l'étranger à un autre' is a slightly formal way to say 'from one foreign country to another'.
Il est parfois difficile de discerner les motivations des acteurs à l'étranger.
It is sometimes difficult to discern the motivations of actors abroad.
'Acteurs' here can refer to political or economic entities. 'Discerner' means to discern.
Les enjeux géopolitiques actuels rendent la coopération internationale à l'étranger plus cruciale que jamais.
Current geopolitical stakes make international cooperation abroad more crucial than ever.
'Enjeux' means stakes or issues. 'Coopération internationale' refers to international cooperation.
L'expatriation, bien que souvent idéalisée, présente des défis existentiels pour ceux qui s'établissent à l'étranger.
Expatriation, although often idealized, presents existential challenges for those settling abroad.
'Expatriation' refers to living outside one's native country. 'Existential challenges' implies deep personal difficulties.
La perception de 'l'étranger' dans une société donnée est souvent le reflet de ses propres angoisses et aspirations.
The perception of 'the foreign' in a given society often reflects its own anxieties and aspirations.
'La perception de l'étranger' refers to how 'the foreign' is viewed. 'Angoisses' means anxieties.
Les flux migratoires vers des terres étrangères sont un phénomène complexe aux multiples facettes.
Migration flows towards foreign lands are a complex, multifaceted phenomenon.
'Flux migratoires' means migration flows. 'Multiples facettes' means multifaceted.
Comprendre les subtilités diplomatiques à l'étranger exige une fine analyse des contextes culturels.
Understanding diplomatic subtleties abroad requires a fine analysis of cultural contexts.
'Subtilités diplomatiques' refers to diplomatic nuances. 'Exige' means requires.
L'impact des investissements étrangers sur le développement durable est sujet à débat.
The impact of foreign investments on sustainable development is subject to debate.
'Investissements étrangers' means foreign investments. 'Sujet à débat' means subject to debate.
La notion d'identité nationale est souvent redéfinie au contact de l'altérité vécue à l'étranger.
The notion of national identity is often redefined through contact with otherness experienced abroad.
'Altérité' means otherness. 'Redéfinie' means redefined.
Les représentations médiatiques de l'étranger peuvent parfois perpétuer des stéréotypes préjudiciables.
Media representations of the foreign can sometimes perpetuate harmful stereotypes.
'Représentations médiatiques' means media representations. 'Perpétuer' means to perpetuate.
L'interculturalité vécue à l'étranger force une introspection profonde sur ses propres schémas de pensée et préjugés.
Interculturality experienced abroad forces a deep introspection on one's own thought patterns and prejudices.
'Interculturalité' refers to the state of interaction between cultures. 'Schémas de pensée' means thought patterns.
La diplomatie culturelle vise à construire des ponts entre nations, transcendant ainsi la simple notion d'un 'étranger' comme simple 'autre'.
Cultural diplomacy aims to build bridges between nations, thereby transcending the simple notion of a 'foreigner' as merely 'other'.
'Transcendant' means transcending. 'Simple 'autre'' emphasizes the reductionist view of 'otherness'.
L'aliénation ressentie par certains expatriés à l'étranger peut être analysée sous l'angle de la perte de repères identitaires.
The alienation felt by some expatriates abroad can be analyzed from the perspective of losing identity markers.
'Aliénation' means alienation. 'Repères identitaires' refers to identity markers or reference points.
L'imaginaire collectif de 'l'étranger' est souvent façonné par des récits historiques et des représentations fictionnelles ambivalentes.
The collective imagination of 'the foreign' is often shaped by historical narratives and ambivalent fictional representations.
'Imaginaire collectif' means collective imagination. 'Façonné' means shaped. 'Ambivalentes' means ambivalent.
La dialectique entre le soi et l'autre, particulièrement saillante à l'étranger, interroge la construction de la subjectivité.
The dialectic between the self and the other, particularly salient abroad, questions the construction of subjectivity.
'Dialectique' refers to a method of reasoning. 'Saillante' means salient or prominent. 'Subjectivité' means subjectivity.
Les enjeux de souveraineté nationale face aux influences extérieures, souvent perçues comme venant de 'l'étranger', sont au cœur des débats politiques contemporains.
The stakes of national sovereignty in the face of external influences, often perceived as coming from 'abroad', are at the heart of contemporary political debates.
'Souveraineté nationale' means national sovereignty. 'Influences extérieures' means external influences.
L'étude des diasporas révèle comment l'expérience de l'étranger remodèle les liens culturels et sociaux.
The study of diasporas reveals how the experience of the foreign reshapes cultural and social ties.
'Diasporas' refers to communities scattered from their homeland. 'Remodèle' means reshapes.
La xénophilie, en tant qu'attrait pour l'étranger, peut être vue comme un antidote potentiel à la xénophobie.
Xenophilia, as an attraction to the foreign, can be seen as a potential antidote to xenophobia.
'Xénophilie' means love of foreigners or foreign things. 'Xénophobie' means fear or hatred of foreigners.
よく使う組み合わせ
よく使うフレーズ
— To go abroad; to travel to a foreign country.
Nous allons à l'étranger cet été pour les vacances.
— To live abroad; to reside in a foreign country.
Elle a décidé de vivre à l'étranger pour améliorer son français.
— To work abroad; to be employed in a foreign country.
Beaucoup de jeunes diplômés cherchent à travailler à l'étranger.
— To study abroad; to pursue education in a foreign country.
Il a eu la chance d'étudier à l'étranger pendant un an.
— To travel abroad; to journey to foreign countries.
J'adore voyager à l'étranger pour découvrir de nouvelles cultures.
— Foreign affairs; matters concerning international relations.
Le ministre des affaires étrangères a rencontré son homologue.
— To come from abroad; to arrive from a foreign country.
De nombreux touristes viennent de l'étranger pour visiter Paris.
— From abroad; from a foreign country.
Il m'a envoyé une carte postale depuis l'étranger.
— The foreign and the national; contrasting foreign and domestic aspects.
Il faut équilibrer les intérêts de l'étranger et du national.
よく混同される語
'Étranger' as an adjective means 'foreign' and modifies a noun (e.g., 'un pays étranger' - a foreign country). 'L'étranger' is a noun referring to abroad or foreign lands.
These refer to a single person from another country ('a foreigner'). 'L'étranger' (singular noun) generally refers to the concept of abroad or foreign lands collectively.
'Le dehors' means 'outside' in a general sense. 'L'étranger' specifically means 'abroad' or 'foreign lands,' implying a place beyond one's own country.
慣用句と表現
— To feel like a stranger; to feel out of place or alienated.
Dans cette nouvelle ville, je me sens un peu étranger.
General— To speak like a foreigner; to have a strong accent or make grammatical errors.
Il a beaucoup vécu à l'étranger, mais il parle encore comme un étranger.
General— To see foreigners or foreign influences as a threat.
Certaines personnes ont tendance à voir l'étranger comme une menace.
Sociopolitical— Homesickness; longing for one's homeland while abroad.
Après six mois à l'étranger, il commençait à ressentir le mal du pays.
General— The call of the abroad; the allure or temptation to travel or live in foreign countries.
Pour certains, l'appel de l'étranger est irrésistible.
Figurative/Literary— A world apart; completely different or isolated, often used to describe a foreign place.
Ce village isolé semblait être un monde à part.
Figurative— The far reaches of foreign lands; remote or unexplored foreign territories.
Les explorateurs sont allés jusqu'aux confins de l'étranger.
Literary— To make a place for oneself abroad; to establish oneself successfully in a foreign country.
Il a réussi à se faire une place à l'étranger grâce à son travail acharné.
General— A bridge between the foreign and the national; facilitating exchange or understanding between different cultures or countries.
Ce programme vise à créer un pont entre l'étranger et le national.
Figurative/Cultural— Echoes from abroad; influences or news coming from foreign countries.
Nous entendons souvent les échos de l'étranger dans notre culture.
Figurative/Literary間違えやすい
Both are derived from the same root and relate to the concept of 'otherness.'
'L'étranger' is a noun referring to abroad or foreign countries. 'Étranger' is an adjective meaning 'foreign' and modifies nouns, like in 'un pays étranger' (a foreign country) or 'une langue étrangère' (a foreign language).
J'aime voyager dans des pays étrangers. (I like traveling in foreign countries - adjective) vs. Je rêve d'aller à l'étranger. (I dream of going abroad - noun).
They all relate to the concept of someone or something not from one's own place.
'L'étranger' (singular noun) primarily means 'abroad' or 'foreign lands.' 'Un étranger' (masculine) and 'une étrangère' (feminine) are singular nouns referring to a specific person from another country ('a foreigner'). While 'l'étranger' can sometimes collectively refer to foreign people, it's more precise to use 'un étranger' or 'une étrangère' for individuals.
Il est venu de l'étranger. (He came from abroad - noun) vs. C'est un étranger. (He is a foreigner - noun).
Both refer to places outside one's immediate vicinity.
'Le monde' means 'the world' in its entirety. 'L'étranger' specifically refers to the parts of the world that are foreign to the speaker or the nation. You can travel 'dans le monde' (around the world) or 'à l'étranger' (abroad).
Elle veut découvrir le monde entier. (She wants to discover the whole world.) vs. Elle veut découvrir l'étranger. (She wants to discover foreign countries/abroad.)
They represent opposite concepts: one's homeland versus foreign lands.
'L'étranger' refers to foreign lands or abroad. 'La patrie' refers to one's homeland, fatherland, or native country, often evoking strong feelings of belonging and loyalty.
Il a quitté sa patrie pour s'installer à l'étranger. (He left his homeland to settle abroad.)
They represent the concepts of being away from home versus being at home.
'L'étranger' denotes being away from one's familiar surroundings, in foreign lands. 'Le chez-soi' means one's home, one's own place, signifying familiarity, comfort, and belonging.
Après des années à l'étranger, il aspirait à retrouver son chez-soi. (After years abroad, he longed to return to his home.)
文型パターン
Je veux aller [à l'étranger].
Je veux aller à l'étranger.
Elle travaille [à l'étranger] depuis [duration].
Elle travaille à l'étranger depuis cinq ans.
[Subject] a appris beaucoup [à l'étranger].
J'ai appris beaucoup à l'étranger.
Les [noun] de l'étranger sont [adjective].
Les cultures de l'étranger sont fascinantes.
La perspective de [verb infinitive] à l'étranger est [adjective].
La perspective de vivre à l'étranger est excitante.
Il est important de comprendre les différences culturelles quand on voyage à l'étranger.
Il est important de comprendre les différences culturelles quand on voyage à l'étranger.
Les enjeux [adjective] à l'étranger [verb].
Les enjeux géopolitiques à l'étranger inquiètent le gouvernement.
La perception de l'étranger est souvent [adverb] [adjective].
La perception de l'étranger est souvent subjectivement influencée.
語族
名詞
動詞
形容詞
関連
使い方
Very High, especially in the phrase 'à l'étranger'.
-
Using 'en étranger' instead of 'à l'étranger'.
→
à l'étranger
The standard and correct preposition to use with 'l'étranger' when referring to being abroad or going abroad is 'à'. 'En étranger' is grammatically incorrect.
-
Confusing 'l'étranger' (abroad) with 'un étranger' (a foreigner).
→
'L'étranger' for abroad/foreign lands; 'un étranger' for a foreigner.
'L'étranger' is the noun for the concept of foreign lands or being abroad. 'Un étranger' is the noun for a male person from another country. Using 'l'étranger' when you mean a person is incorrect.
-
Using 'étranger' as a noun when it should be an adjective, or vice versa.
→
L'étranger (noun) vs. étranger (adjective).
'L'étranger' is the noun for abroad. 'Étranger' is an adjective meaning foreign, used to modify nouns like 'pays' (country) or 'langue' (language). Example: 'Je vais à l'étranger.' (I am going abroad - noun) vs. 'C'est un pays étranger.' (It's a foreign country - adjective).
-
Incorrect gender agreement.
→
L'étranger is masculine.
'L'étranger' is a masculine noun. When used as an adjective, 'étranger' must agree with the noun it modifies ('un pays étranger,' 'une culture étrangère').
-
Using 'l'étranger' when a specific country name is more appropriate.
→
Use specific country names with appropriate prepositions (en, au, aux).
While 'l'étranger' refers to foreign countries in general, it's often more precise to name the specific country you are referring to (e.g., 'en Italie,' 'au Canada'). Overusing 'l'étranger' can sound vague.
ヒント
Master the 'à l'étranger' phrase
The most crucial phrase for learners is 'à l'étranger,' meaning 'abroad.' Practice using it with common verbs like 'aller' (to go), 'vivre' (to live), 'travailler' (to work), and 'étudier' (to study). For example: 'Je veux aller à l'étranger,' 'Elle vit à l'étranger.'
Remember the Gender
'L'étranger' is a masculine noun. This means you'll use masculine articles and adjectives when referring to it directly. For example, 'l'étranger est vaste' (abroad is vast). When referring to a specific foreign country, you'd use 'un pays étranger' (a foreign country), where 'étranger' is an adjective agreeing with 'pays'.
Distinguish from 'un étranger'
Be careful not to confuse 'l'étranger' (abroad/foreign lands) with 'un étranger' (a foreigner, male) or 'une étrangère' (a foreigner, female). While related, their meanings are distinct. Use 'un/une étranger/étrangère' when referring to a person from another country.
Consider the Context
The meaning of 'l'étranger' can be broad. In general conversation, it means 'abroad.' In news or political discussions, it might refer to foreign countries collectively or even foreign influences. Pay attention to the surrounding words to grasp the precise nuance.
Practice the Nasal Vowel
The 'an' sound in 'étranger' is a nasal vowel. Practice saying it without fully pronouncing the 'n' after the 'a.' It should sound similar to the 'on' in English 'song' but produced more nasally. Listen to native speakers to get the pronunciation right.
Connect to 'strange'
Think of the English word 'strange.' When you are abroad, things can seem strange. This connection can help you remember the meaning of 'étranger' as referring to foreign places where things might be unfamiliar or 'strange'.
Use it in Sentences
The best way to learn is to use it. Try writing sentences about your travel dreams, past experiences, or opinions on international topics using 'l'étranger' and 'à l'étranger.' The more you practice, the more natural it will become.
Compare with Specific Countries
Remember that 'l'étranger' is general. If you want to talk about a specific country, use its name with the appropriate preposition (e.g., 'en France,' 'au Japon,' 'en Italie'). 'L'étranger' is for when you're talking about foreign lands as a concept or destination in general.
Explore Related Idioms
Familiarize yourself with common phrases like 'le mal du pays' (homesickness), which is directly related to being 'à l'étranger.' Understanding these idioms will deepen your comprehension and fluency.
Seek Out Examples
Actively look for 'l'étranger' in French media – songs, movies, news articles, books. Noticing how native speakers use the word in various contexts will significantly boost your understanding and retention.
暗記しよう
記憶術
Imagine a giant 'E' (for 'étranger') standing outside a country's border. This 'E' represents 'abroad' or 'foreign lands.' The 'T' inside the 'E' could stand for 'Travel,' reinforcing the connection to going abroad. The 'R' could be for 'Remote.'
視覚的連想
Picture a passport with many stamps from different countries, symbolizing extensive travel abroad. Or, visualize a world map with a bright red circle highlighting all the countries that are 'l'étranger' from your perspective.
Word Web
チャレンジ
Try to write five sentences about your dream vacation destinations, using the phrase 'à l'étranger' at least three times. Then, try to describe one specific foreign country you'd like to visit, using the adjective 'étranger'.
語源
The word 'étranger' comes from the Old French 'estrangier,' which itself derived from the Latin word 'extraneus.' 'Extraneus' means 'from outside,' 'external,' or 'foreign.' This Latin root is related to 'extra,' meaning 'outside.'
元の意味： Originally, it referred to something or someone external, not belonging to the group or place.
Indo-European > Italic > Latin > Romance > Old French > French文化的な背景
While 'l'étranger' primarily refers to a foreign country or abroad, its related term 'un étranger' (a foreigner) can sometimes carry negative connotations if used in contexts of suspicion or exclusion. It's important to use it neutrally when referring to someone's nationality and to be mindful of potential biases when discussing 'foreign' influences.
In English-speaking countries, terms like 'abroad,' 'foreign countries,' 'overseas,' and 'foreigner' serve similar functions. The concept of 'stranger' also exists, sharing a root with the French 'étranger,' indicating a shared historical linguistic connection and conceptual understanding of the unfamiliar.
実生活で練習する
実際の使用場面
Travel planning and experiences
- aller à l'étranger
- vivre à l'étranger
- voyager à l'étranger
- mon premier voyage à l'étranger
International news and current events
- les affaires étrangères
- relations à l'étranger
- un pays étranger
- les dirigeants de l'étranger
Personal aspirations and life goals
- rêver de l'étranger
- faire une année à l'étranger
- s'installer à l'étranger
- le mal du pays
Cultural exchange and learning
- apprendre à l'étranger
- les cultures de l'étranger
- découvrir l'étranger
- se sentir étranger
Professional opportunities
- travailler à l'étranger
- une opportunité à l'étranger
- une entreprise à l'étranger
- les marchés étrangers
会話のきっかけ
"Quel est le pays étranger qui vous attire le plus et pourquoi ?"
"Avez-vous déjà vécu ou voyagé à l'étranger ? Racontez-nous votre expérience."
"Si vous pouviez choisir de vivre n'importe où à l'étranger, où iriez-vous et pourquoi ?"
"Quels sont, selon vous, les principaux avantages et inconvénients de travailler à l'étranger ?"
"Comment pensez-vous que le fait de voyager à l'étranger change une personne ?"
日記のテーマ
Décrivez un souvenir marquant de votre premier voyage à l'étranger. Qu'est-ce qui vous a le plus surpris ou marqué ?
Écrivez sur vos aspirations futures concernant la vie ou le travail à l'étranger. Quels sont vos objectifs et vos craintes ?
Imaginez que vous rencontrez quelqu'un qui vient de l'étranger. Comment engageriez-vous la conversation et quels sujets aborderiez-vous ?
Réfléchissez à l'impact que les cultures étrangères ont eu sur votre propre vision du monde. Citez des exemples concrets.
Si vous deviez donner un conseil à quelqu'un qui s'apprête à s'installer à l'étranger pour la première fois, quel serait-il ?
よくある質問
10 問The primary difference lies in usage. 'L'étranger' as a singular noun most often refers to 'abroad' or 'foreign lands' collectively. For example, 'Je veux aller à l'étranger.' (I want to go abroad.) 'Un étranger' (masculine) or 'une étrangère' (feminine) refers to a specific person from another country, meaning 'a foreigner.' For example, 'J'ai rencontré un étranger hier.' (I met a foreigner yesterday.) While 'l'étranger' can sometimes collectively imply foreign people, it's more precise to use 'un étranger' or 'une étrangère' for individuals.
'À l'étranger' is the most common phrase used to mean 'abroad' or 'in a foreign country.' It functions as an adverbial phrase indicating location or destination. For example, 'Elle travaille à l'étranger.' (She works abroad.) or 'Nous partons à l'étranger.' (We are going abroad.)
'L'étranger' is a masculine noun. This affects the articles and adjectives used with it. For example, 'l'étranger' (masculine singular) and 'les étrangers' (masculine plural, referring to lands or people). When referring to a female foreigner, the noun is 'une étrangère'.
No, 'l'étranger' itself does not mean 'strange.' The French word for 'strange' is 'étrange' (adjective). While 'étranger' and 'étrange' share a common Latin root ('extraneus'), they have evolved into distinct words with different meanings. 'L'étranger' is a noun for abroad/foreign lands, and 'étranger' is an adjective for foreign.
'L'étranger' is often used in a general sense to refer to the concept of abroad or foreign lands. 'Un pays étranger' specifically means 'a foreign country' and refers to a single, distinct nation outside of one's own. You might say 'Je rêve de voyager à l'étranger' (I dream of traveling abroad), but 'J'ai visité un pays étranger intéressant' (I visited an interesting foreign country).
Common verbs used with phrases like 'à l'étranger' include 'aller' (to go), 'vivre' (to live), 'travailler' (to work), 'étudier' (to study), 'voyager' (to travel), 'rêver' (to dream), and 'apprendre' (to learn). For example: 'aller à l'étranger,' 'vivre à l'étranger,' 'travailler à l'étranger.'
When referring to 'foreign lands' or 'foreign countries' in a general sense, 'l'étranger' is often used as a singular concept. However, if you want to refer to multiple specific foreign countries, you would use 'les pays étrangers.' When referring to multiple foreign people, the plural is 'les étrangers' (masculine) or 'les étrangères' (feminine).
In official contexts, you'll often encounter the phrase 'les affaires étrangères,' which means 'foreign affairs' or 'international relations.' For example, 'Le Ministère des Affaires Étrangères' is the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.
Primarily, 'l'étranger' refers to places or people. However, in more abstract or literary contexts, it can metaphorically refer to anything considered foreign or alien to a particular system or context, such as 'l'étranger' to logic or 'l'étranger' to the norm.
'À l'étranger' is the correct and standard phrase for 'abroad.' 'En étranger' is grammatically incorrect in this context. Always use 'à l'étranger' when referring to being in or going to a foreign country.
自分をテスト 10 問
/ 10 correct
Perfect score!
Summary
The French noun 'l'étranger' signifies foreign countries or the state of being abroad. The most common and essential phrase for learners is 'à l'étranger,' meaning 'abroad.' This term is fundamental for discussing travel, international experiences, and life outside one's home country.
- L'étranger means abroad or foreign countries.
- Use 'à l'étranger' for 'abroad'.
- It's a masculine noun.
- Common in travel and international contexts.
Master the 'à l'étranger' phrase
The most crucial phrase for learners is 'à l'étranger,' meaning 'abroad.' Practice using it with common verbs like 'aller' (to go), 'vivre' (to live), 'travailler' (to work), and 'étudier' (to study). For example: 'Je veux aller à l'étranger,' 'Elle vit à l'étranger.'
Remember the Gender
'L'étranger' is a masculine noun. This means you'll use masculine articles and adjectives when referring to it directly. For example, 'l'étranger est vaste' (abroad is vast). When referring to a specific foreign country, you'd use 'un pays étranger' (a foreign country), where 'étranger' is an adjective agreeing with 'pays'.
Distinguish from 'un étranger'
Be careful not to confuse 'l'étranger' (abroad/foreign lands) with 'un étranger' (a foreigner, male) or 'une étrangère' (a foreigner, female). While related, their meanings are distinct. Use 'un/une étranger/étrangère' when referring to a person from another country.
Consider the Context
The meaning of 'l'étranger' can be broad. In general conversation, it means 'abroad.' In news or political discussions, it might refer to foreign countries collectively or even foreign influences. Pay attention to the surrounding words to grasp the precise nuance.
関連コンテンツ
travelの関連語
à bord de
B1船、飛行機、またはその他の乗り物に乗っていること。
à destination de
B1～行きの、～を目的地とする。
à l'étranger
A2海外で、または海外へ。
à pied
A2乗り物を使わずに、自分の足で歩いて移動すること。
à quel prix
B1「いくらで」または「どんな犠牲を払って」を意味し、金額または必要な犠牲について尋ねます。
à vélo
B1自転車で移動すること。交通手段として自転車を使うこと。
aboutissement
B1長い旅やプロジェクトの最終地点。
accès
A2建物の入り口（accès）はあちらです。
accès à bord
B1バス、電車、飛行機などの乗り物に乗る行為。 / 乗客が交通手段に乗ることを許可される瞬間。
accès internet
B1インターネットアクセス。
