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A2 adjective #3,000 よく出る 9分で読める

लिखित

likhit 上位3,000

練習する例文メモとヒント लिखित 30秒で

解説 लिखित in your Level:

At the A1 level, you should know that 'लिखित' (likhit) means 'written'. You will mostly see this word in school contexts, like 'लिखित परीक्षा' (written exam). It is the opposite of 'बोलना' (to speak) or 'मौखिक' (oral). If a teacher asks for a written answer, they might use this word. It's a formal way to say something is on paper. You can remember it because it looks like 'लिखना' (likhna), which means 'to write'. At this stage, just focus on the fact that it describes things like tests, letters, or instructions that are not just spoken but are visible as text.

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As an A2 learner, you start using 'लिखित' in more official or structured sentences. You might need to ask for 'लिखित प्रमाण' (written proof) or 'लिखित अनुमति' (written permission). This level requires you to understand that 'लिखित' is an adjective. It doesn't change like a verb. You will use it to distinguish between things you say and things you write down. For example, 'मौखिक संदेश' (oral message) vs 'लिखित संदेश' (written message). You should also be able to recognize it in simple forms and signs in offices or schools.

At the B1 level, you should be comfortable using 'लिखित' in professional and academic settings. You will use phrases like 'लिखित रूप में' (in written form) to make your requests sound more formal. You'll understand its importance in legal or semi-legal contexts, such as 'लिखित समझौता' (written agreement). You should also be able to distinguish 'लिखित' from 'लिखा हुआ' (the more casual version). At this stage, you're expected to use 'लिखित' when writing formal letters or emails in Hindi to sound more native and professional.

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By B2, you should understand the nuance 'लिखित' brings to historical and literary discussions. You'll use it to talk about 'लिखित इतिहास' (written history) or 'लिखित साक्ष्य' (written evidence) in debates or essays. You will also encounter it in complex compound words like 'हस्तलिखित' (handwritten) or 'अधोलिखित' (written below). You should be able to use it to describe the permanence of information. You'll also notice it in news headlines where 'लिखित आश्वासन' (written assurance) is a common phrase used for government promises.

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At the C1 level, 'लिखित' becomes a tool for precise expression. You will use it to discuss the 'लिखित परंपरा' (written tradition) of India and how it contrasts with the 'मौखिक परंपरा' (oral tradition). You'll understand its usage in high-level legal documents, such as 'लिखित बयान' (written statement/affidavit). You should be able to use it metaphorically or in abstract discussions about the power of the written word. Your vocabulary will include related academic terms like 'लिपिबद्ध' and you'll know exactly when 'लिखित' provides the right tone of authority and finality.

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For a C2 learner, 'लिखित' is a basic building block used to navigate the most sophisticated levels of Hindi. You will analyze 'लिखित साहित्य' (written literature) and its socio-political impact. You'll understand the etymological roots in Sanskrit and how they influence modern usage. You can use the word in complex legal, philosophical, or bureaucratic arguments without hesitation. You'll also be sensitive to the register, knowing that in extremely formal Sanskritized Hindi, 'लिखित' might even take gendered forms in specific archaic contexts, though you'll stick to the standard modern usage for clarity.

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練習する例文メモとヒント

लिखित 30秒で

Likhit means 'written' in a formal or official context.
It is commonly used for exams, contracts, and legal proof.
It is the direct antonym of 'Maukhik' (oral/spoken).
Derived from Sanskrit, it is more professional than 'Likha hua'.

The Hindi word लिखित (likhit) is a formal adjective derived from the Sanskrit root 'likh' (to write). In its most fundamental sense, it translates to 'written' or 'in writing.' While the everyday word for 'written' might be 'लिखा हुआ' (likha hua), लिखित carries a weight of formality, legal validity, and official documentation. It is the word you encounter when dealing with contracts, examinations, historical records, and formal correspondence. Understanding लिखित is crucial because it distinguishes between the ephemeral nature of speech and the permanence of the written word. In a culture like India's, which transitioned from a profound oral tradition (Vedic chanting) to a robust bureaucratic and literary tradition, this word bridges the gap between what is said and what is recorded.

Legal Context: In legal settings, an agreement is not considered fully binding in many circumstances unless it is in a लिखित format. This ensures there is a 'paper trail' or 'documentary evidence' (लिखित साक्ष्य).
Educational Context: Students in India often distinguish between their 'viva' or 'oral exam' (मौखिक परीक्षा) and their 'written exam' (लिखित परीक्षा). The latter is usually the more stressful and weighted component of the grade.

कृपया अपना आवेदन लिखित रूप में जमा करें। (Please submit your application in written form.)

Beyond just 'paper and ink,' the word is used metaphorically to imply something that is set in stone or officially recorded. For instance, a 'written guarantee' (लिखित गारंटी) provides a level of trust that a verbal promise cannot. In the digital age, लिखित also extends to digital text, emails, and messages, as long as the medium is textual rather than auditory. It is a word that commands respect and implies a certain level of seriousness and accountability.

यह एक लिखित समझौता है। (This is a written agreement.)

Historically, the concept of 'लिखित' was a revolution in the Indian subcontinent. While the Vedas were preserved through oral transmission for centuries, the advent of 'लिखित' scripts like Brahmi allowed for the administration of vast empires like that of Ashoka. The Ashokan edicts are perhaps the most famous early examples of 'लिखित' commands that have survived over two millennia. Today, the word remains a pillar of the Hindi language, used daily in news reports, government circulars, and academic textbooks. It is an essential adjective for anyone looking to navigate the formal and professional landscape of the Hindi-speaking world.

Using लिखित correctly requires understanding its role as an adjective that usually precedes a noun. It modifies nouns to indicate that their state is textual. Unlike verbs that change based on gender and number, लिखित is relatively stable, though it agrees with the noun it modifies in more complex Sanskritized Hindi; however, in standard modern Hindi, it functions quite simply. It is most commonly paired with words like 'परीक्षा' (exam), 'रूप' (form), 'दस्तावेज़' (document), and 'प्रमाण' (proof).

Formal Requests: When asking for something official, you might say, 'मुझे आपकी लिखित अनुमति चाहिए' (I need your written permission). This usage is standard in corporate and governmental offices.
Academic Contexts: In schools, teachers might say, 'कल आपकी लिखित परीक्षा होगी' (Tomorrow will be your written exam). Here, it distinguishes the exam from an oral or practical one.

इतिहास के लिखित स्रोत बहुत महत्वपूर्ण हैं। (Written sources of history are very important.)

One interesting aspect of लिखित is its use in the phrase 'लिखित में' (in writing). This is a very common adverbial phrase. For example, 'उसने मुझे लिखित में आश्वासन दिया' (He gave me an assurance in writing). This highlights the shift from a verbal promise to a documented one. In contrast to 'मौखिक' (oral), लिखित implies a higher degree of accountability. If someone says 'यह बात लिखित है,' they mean it is documented and cannot be easily denied.

क्या आपके पास कोई लिखित प्रमाण है? (Do you have any written proof?)

In creative writing, लिखित can be used to describe ancient manuscripts (लिखित पांडुलिपि) or even the 'written word' in a philosophical sense. It is a versatile word that scales from the mundane (a written note) to the profound (the written constitution). When constructing sentences, remember that लिखित usually sits right before the noun it describes, acting as a clear qualifier of the medium of information.

You will encounter लिखित in environments where precision and documentation are paramount. It is not a word you would typically use while chatting with friends at a café about a movie, but it is the word you will hear the moment the conversation turns to business, law, or formal education. In Indian news broadcasts, especially during reports on government policy or court rulings, the term 'लिखित वक्तव्य' (written statement) is frequently used. This refers to the formal documents submitted by officials or lawyers to the court.

In the Office: Human Resources might ask for a 'लिखित त्यागपत्र' (written resignation). A verbal resignation is often considered insufficient until the 'लिखित' version is received.
In the News: News anchors often say, 'सरकार ने लिखित रूप में आश्वासन दिया है' (The government has given an assurance in written form), emphasizing that the promise is now official record.

संविधान एक लिखित दस्तावेज़ है। (The Constitution is a written document.)

Another common place to hear this word is in the context of competitive exams (like the UPSC or banking exams in India). Candidates often discuss the 'लिखित परीक्षा' (written exam) versus the 'साक्षात्कार' (interview). In this context, लिखित represents the first hurdle of objective or descriptive testing. You might also hear it in historical documentaries discussing 'लिखित इतिहास' (written history) as opposed to 'प्रागैतिहासिक' (prehistoric) times where no written records exist.

हमें लिखित शिकायत दर्ज करनी चाहिए। (We should file a written complaint.)

Furthermore, in the world of literature and publishing, authors and editors use लिखित to refer to the 'written text' (लिखित पाठ). It is also used in religious contexts when referring to 'लिखित उपदेश' (written sermons or teachings). Whether it is a traffic police officer asking for a 'लिखित स्पष्टीकरण' (written explanation) for a violation or a scholar discussing 'लिखित परंपरा' (written tradition), the word is ubiquitous in any situation that demands a formal, lasting record of information.

One of the most frequent mistakes learners make is confusing लिखित (likhit) with the simple past tense of the verb 'to write,' which is 'लिखा' (likha). While they both relate to writing, लिखित is a formal adjective, whereas 'लिखा' is a verb or a more casual adjective. For instance, saying 'मैंने एक लिखित पत्र भेजा' (I sent a written letter) is correct but very formal. In a casual setting, you would just say 'मैंने एक पत्र लिखा' (I wrote a letter). Using लिखित where a simple verb is needed makes the sentence sound stiff and robotic.

Mistake: Over-formalization: Saying 'मेरा नाम लिखित है' to mean 'My name is written' is awkward. Instead, use 'मेरा नाम लिखा हुआ है'. लिखित is for official categories, not simple states of being.
Mistake: Gender Agreement: Some learners try to change 'लिखित' to 'लिखिता' for feminine nouns. While this happens in pure Sanskrit, in modern Hindi, लिखित remains invariant. It is 'लिखित परीक्षा' (fem.) and 'लिखित दस्तावेज़' (masc.).

Incorrect: यह पत्र लिखिता है।
Correct: यह पत्र लिखित है। (This letter is written.)

Another common error is the redundant use of 'लिखित में लिखा हुआ' (written in writing). Since लिखित already means written, adding 'लिखा हुआ' is unnecessary. You should choose one or the other based on the desired level of formality. Furthermore, learners often forget the contrast word 'मौखिक' (oral). If you are describing an exam, using लिखित without knowing 'मौखिक' leaves your vocabulary incomplete, as they are almost always used as a pair in educational and legal contexts.

Avoid: मुझे लिखा हुआ परीक्षा देनी है।
Use: मुझे लिखित परीक्षा देनी है। (I have to give a written exam.)

Lastly, be careful with the word 'हस्तलिखित' (hastalikhit), which means 'handwritten.' While all हस्तलिखित documents are लिखित, not all लिखित documents are हस्तलिखित (they could be typed or printed). Using the general term लिखित is safer unless you specifically want to emphasize that something was written by hand. Misusing these can lead to confusion in historical or archival contexts where the distinction is vital.

While लिखित is the standard formal term for 'written,' several other words share the same semantic space, each with its own nuance. Understanding these alternatives will help you choose the right word for the right situation, whether you are writing a poem, a legal brief, or a text message.

लिखा हुआ (Likha hua): The most common, everyday alternative. Use this for casual situations.
Example: 'कागज़ पर क्या लिखा हुआ है?' (What is written on the paper?)
हस्तलिखित (Hastalikhit): Specifically means 'handwritten' (Hasta = hand + likhit = written). Used for manuscripts or personal notes.
Example: 'यह गांधीजी का हस्तलिखित पत्र है।' (This is a handwritten letter by Gandhiji.)
लिपिबद्ध (Lipibaddh): A highly formal, literary term meaning 'recorded in script' or 'codified.' Often used for oral traditions that were later written down.
Example: 'लोक कथाओं को लिपिबद्ध किया गया।' (The folk tales were recorded in writing.)

Comparison:
1. मौखिक (Maukhik) - Oral/Verbal
2. लिखित (Likhit) - Written (Formal)
3. मुद्रित (Mudrit) - Printed

In some contexts, you might see the word 'कलमबद्ध' (kalambaddh), which literally means 'bound by the pen.' This is a more poetic way of saying 'written down' or 'recorded.' For example, 'उसने अपनी यादों को कलमबद्ध किया' (He penned down his memories). While लिखित is clinical and official, 'कलमबद्ध' is evocative and personal.

यह जानकारी लिखित रूप में उपलब्ध है। (This information is available in written form.)

In legal documents, you might also see 'अधोलिखित' (adholikhit), which means 'written below' or 'the following.' This is very common in contracts ('अधोलिखित शर्तों के अनुसार' - according to the conditions written below). Understanding लिखित as the core word allows you to easily grasp these more complex variations. Whether you are distinguishing between 'typed' and 'handwritten' or 'oral' and 'documented,' लिखित remains the most important anchor word in this category.

How Formal Is It?

豆知識

The root 'likh' originally meant to 'scratch'. This is because ancient writing in India was often scratched onto palm leaves with a stylus before ink was applied.

発音ガイド

UK /ˈlɪk.hɪt/

US /ˈlɪk.hɪt/

Primary stress is on the first syllable 'Likh'.

韻が合う語

शिक्षित (Shikshit - Educated) दीक्षित (Dikshit - Initiated) रक्षित (Rakshit - Protected) निश्चित (Nishchit - Certain) संचित (Sanchit - Accumulated) वंचित (Vanchit - Deprived) हर्षित (Harshit - Happy) अर्पित (Arpit - Dedicated)

よくある間違い

Pronouncing 'kh' as a simple 'k'. It must be aspirated.
Pronouncing 't' as a hard alveolar 't' (like in 'table'). It must be dental.
Adding an 'a' at the end ('likh-i-ta'). In modern Hindi, the final 'a' is dropped.
Confusing 'i' (short) with 'ee' (long). It is 'likhit', not 'likheet'.
Nasalizing the 'i' unnecessarily.

難易度

読解 2/5

Easy to recognize because of the 'likh' root.

ライティング 3/5

Requires remembering the 'kh' and the short 'i' vowel placement.

スピーキング 2/5

Simple pronunciation, just watch the dental 't'.

リスニング 2/5

Commonly heard in news and formal announcements.

次に学ぶべきこと

前提知識

लिखना (To write) किताब (Book) कलम (Pen) नाम (Name) परीक्षा (Exam)

次に学ぶ

मौखिक (Oral) दस्तावेज़ (Document) प्रमाण (Proof) अनुमति (Permission) समझौता (Agreement)

上級

लिपिबद्ध (Codified) पांडुलिपि (Manuscript) संविधान (Constitution) आलेख (Article) पंजीकरण (Registration)

知っておくべき文法

Past Passive Participles as Adjectives

लिखित (written), शिक्षित (educated), रक्षित (protected).

Adjective Placement

Always before the noun: लिखित परीक्षा (Correct), परीक्षा लिखित (Incorrect/Poetic).

Invariance of Sanskrit Adjectives in Modern Hindi

लिखित लड़का (masc.), लिखित लड़की (fem.) - though 'written boy/girl' makes no sense, the adjective doesn't change.

The 'Mein' Postposition with Likhit

लिखित में (In writing) - functions as an adverbial phrase.

Compound Formation with Hasta-

हस्त (Hand) + लिखित (Written) = हस्तलिखित (Handwritten).

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レベル別の例文

यह एक लिखित परीक्षा है।

This is a written exam.

Here 'लिखित' is an adjective modifying 'परीक्षा' (exam).

मुझे लिखित उत्तर चाहिए।

I want a written answer.

'उत्तर' is a masculine noun, but 'लिखित' stays the same.

यह लिखित काम है।

This is written work.

'काम' means work.

लिखित संदेश देखो।

Look at the written message.

Imperative sentence.

क्या यह लिखित है?

Is this written?

Simple question structure.

लिखित शब्द साफ हैं।

The written words are clear.

'शब्द' is plural here.

वह लिखित अभ्यास करता है।

He does written practice.

Present simple tense.

लिखित जानकारी यहाँ है।

The written information is here.

'जानकारी' is feminine.

कृपया लिखित आवेदन दें।

Please give a written application.

'आवेदन' is a formal word for application.

मुझे लिखित अनुमति मिल गई।

I got written permission.

Past tense 'मिल गई'.

लिखित प्रमाण बहुत ज़रूरी है।

Written proof is very important.

'प्रमाण' means proof/evidence.

क्या आपके पास लिखित निर्देश हैं?

Do you have written instructions?

'निर्देश' is plural 'instructions'.

हमें लिखित शिकायत करनी चाहिए।

We should make a written complaint.

'चाहिए' expresses obligation/advice.

यह एक लिखित समझौता है।

This is a written agreement.

'समझौता' means agreement.

वह लिखित रूप में बात करता है।

He communicates in written form.

'रूप में' means 'in the form of'.

लिखित दस्तावेज़ मेज़ पर है।

The written document is on the table.

'दस्तावेज़' is masculine singular.

कंपनी ने लिखित आश्वासन दिया है।

The company has given a written assurance.

'आश्वासन' means assurance/promise.

लिखित परीक्षा के बाद साक्षात्कार होगा।

The interview will take place after the written exam.

'साक्षात्कार' is the formal word for interview.

उसने मुझे सब कुछ लिखित में दिया।

He gave me everything in writing.

'लिखित में' is a common adverbial phrase.

लिखित भाषा और मौखिक भाषा में अंतर होता है।

There is a difference between written and oral language.

Comparing two types of language.

आपका लिखित बयान दर्ज कर लिया गया है।

Your written statement has been recorded.

Passive construction 'कर लिया गया है'.

लिखित आदेश का पालन करना अनिवार्य है।

It is mandatory to follow the written order.

'अनिवार्य' means mandatory/compulsory.

इतिहास के लिखित प्रमाण कम मिलते हैं।

Written proofs of history are rarely found.

'कम मिलते हैं' means 'are found less'.

लिखित कार्यों की जाँच हो रही है।

The written works are being checked.

Continuous passive.

संविधान देश का सर्वोच्च लिखित कानून है।

The Constitution is the supreme written law of the country.

'सर्वोच्च' means supreme.

लिखित परंपरा ने ज्ञान को सुरक्षित रखा है।

The written tradition has kept knowledge safe.

Perfect tense.

न्यायालय ने लिखित स्पष्टीकरण माँगा है।

The court has asked for a written explanation.

'स्पष्टीकरण' means explanation/clarification.

उसकी लिखित शैली बहुत प्रभावशाली है।

His writing style is very influential.

'शैली' means style.

लिखित दस्तावेज़ों के बिना यह दावा अधूरा है।

Without written documents, this claim is incomplete.

'अधूरा' means incomplete.

लिखित संवाद में स्पष्टता होनी चाहिए।

There should be clarity in written communication.

'संवाद' means communication/dialogue.

प्राचीन काल में लिखित साक्ष्य दुर्लभ थे।

In ancient times, written evidence was rare.

'दुर्लभ' means rare.

यह एक लिखित अनुबंध की शर्तों के खिलाफ है।

This is against the terms of a written contract.

'अनुबंध' means contract.

लिखित साहित्य समाज का दर्पण होता है।

Written literature is the mirror of society.

Philosophical use of 'दर्पण'.

प्रशासनिक कार्यों में लिखित जवाबदेही आवश्यक है।

Written accountability is essential in administrative tasks.

'जवाबदेही' means accountability.

लिखित और अलिखित नियमों में भेद करना सीखें।

Learn to distinguish between written and unwritten rules.

'अलिखित' is the antonym (unwritten).

हस्तलिखित पांडुलिपियों का संरक्षण ज़रूरी है।

Conservation of handwritten manuscripts is necessary.

'पांडुलिपि' means manuscript.

लिखित अभिव्यक्ति के अपने ही खतरे होते हैं।

Written expression has its own dangers.

'अभिव्यक्ति' means expression.

उसने लिखित रूप में अपनी आपत्तियों को दर्ज कराया।

He recorded his objections in written form.

'आपत्ति' means objection.

लिखित माध्यम विचारों को स्थायित्व प्रदान करता है।

The written medium provides stability to ideas.

'स्थायित्व' means stability/permanence.

किसी भी लिखित समझौते की बारीकियों को समझना चाहिए।

One should understand the nuances of any written agreement.

'बारीकियों' means nuances/details.

लिखित विमर्श की गंभीरता को नकारा नहीं जा सकता।

The seriousness of written discourse cannot be denied.

'विमर्श' means discourse/reflection.

लिखित परंपरा का ह्रास संस्कृति के लिए घातक है।

The decline of the written tradition is fatal for culture.

'ह्रास' means decline/erosion.

लिखित शब्द की सत्ता मौखिक शब्द से भिन्न होती है।

The authority of the written word is different from the oral word.

'सत्ता' means authority/power.

अधोलिखित प्रावधानों के तहत कार्रवाई की जाएगी।

Action will be taken under the provisions written below.

'अधोलिखित' is a specific formal term for 'written below'.

लिखित इतिहास अक्सर विजेताओं द्वारा रचा जाता है।

Written history is often crafted by the victors.

Passive voice 'रचा जाता है'.

लिखित साक्ष्यों की प्रामाणिकता की जाँच होनी चाहिए।

The authenticity of written evidence must be verified.

'प्रामाणिकता' means authenticity.

लिखित कला में सूक्ष्मता और गहराई का होना अनिवार्य है।

Subtlety and depth are mandatory in the art of writing.

'सूक्ष्मता' means subtlety.

लिखित आदेशों की अस्पष्टता भ्रम पैदा कर सकती है।

Ambiguity in written orders can cause confusion.

'अस्पष्टता' means ambiguity/lack of clarity.

よく使う組み合わせ

लिखित परीक्षा

लिखित प्रमाण

लिखित अनुमति

लिखित समझौता

लिखित रूप में

लिखित आदेश

लिखित शिकायत

लिखित दस्तावेज़

लिखित आश्वासन

लिखित इतिहास

よく使うフレーズ

लिखित में देना

— To give something in writing. Used when you want a formal commitment.

क्या आप यह बात मुझे लिखित में दे सकते हैं?

लिखित परीक्षा पास करना

— To pass a written exam. A common milestone for students.

उसने लिखित परीक्षा पास कर ली है।

लिखित रूप देना

— To put into writing or to formalize. Used for ideas or plans.

हमें अपनी योजना को लिखित रूप देना चाहिए।

लिखित साक्ष्य

— Written evidence. Crucial in courts and investigations.

पुलिस के पास कोई लिखित साक्ष्य नहीं है।

लिखित अनुबंध

— Written contract. Essential for business deals.

लिखित अनुबंध पर हस्ताक्षर करें।

लिखित वक्तव्य

— Written statement. Often used for press releases or court filings.

नेता ने अपना लिखित वक्तव्य जारी किया।

लिखित निर्देश

— Written instructions. Used for manuals or office tasks.

लिखित निर्देशों का पालन करें।

लिखित सूचना

— Written notice. Official way of informing someone.

उसे लिखित सूचना भेज दी गई है।

लिखित उत्तर

— Written answer. Used in classrooms.

लिखित उत्तर संक्षिप्त होना चाहिए।

लिखित गारंटी

— Written guarantee. Used in commerce.

क्या इस सामान की लिखित गारंटी है?

よく混同される語

लिखित vs लिखा (Likha)

'Likha' is the past tense verb (wrote), while 'Likhit' is an adjective (written).

लिखित vs लेख (Lekh)

'Lekh' is a noun (article/essay), while 'Likhit' describes the article as being written.

लिखित vs लिपि (Lipi)

'Lipi' is the script (like Devanagari), while 'Likhit' is the state of being written.

慣用句と表現

"लिखित में होना"

— To be documented and therefore undeniable or official.

जब तक बात लिखित में नहीं होती, मैं विश्वास नहीं करता।

Neutral

"पत्थर की लकीर होना (Related)"

— To be unchangeable (like something written in stone).

मेरी बात पत्थर की लकीर है।

Informal

"लिखित प्रमाण ही बोलता है"

— Written proof speaks for itself (meaning verbal words have no value).

अदालत में केवल लिखित प्रमाण ही बोलता है।

Legal/Common

"कोरे कागज़ पर लिखित"

— Written on a blank paper (often implies a fresh start or a signed blank check).

उसने कोरे कागज़ पर अपनी शर्तें लिखित रूप में दीं।

Neutral

"कलम की शक्ति"

— The power of the written word (the pen is mightier than the sword).

लिखित शब्दों में कलम की शक्ति होती है।

Literary

"काले अक्षरों में लिखित"

— Written in black letters (often used for dark history or tragic news).

इतिहास का वह दिन काले अक्षरों में लिखित है।

Literary

"लिखित जाल में फँसना"

— To get caught in a written trap (legal clauses).

वह अनुबंध के लिखित जाल में फँस गया।

Common

"लिखित वादा, आधा वादा"

— A written promise is only half the promise (implying action is also needed).

लिखित वादे से क्या होगा? काम करके दिखाओ।

Informal

"सुनहरा लिखित इतिहास"

— Golden written history (a glorious past).

भारत का लिखित इतिहास बहुत सुनहरा है।

Literary

"लिखित आदेश सिर आँखों पर"

— To accept a written order with great respect.

आपका लिखित आदेश सिर आँखों पर।

Formal/Polite

間違えやすい

लिखित vs लिखा हुआ (Likha hua)

Both mean 'written'.

'Likha hua' is casual and describes a physical state. 'Likhit' is formal and describes an official status.

दीवार पर लिखा हुआ नाम (Casual) vs लिखित संविधान (Official).

लिखित vs हस्तलिखित (Hastalikhit)

Both involve writing.

'Hastalikhit' specifically means by hand. 'Likhit' can be typed or printed.

यह ईमेल लिखित है, पर हस्तलिखित नहीं।

लिखित vs अंकित (Ankit)

Both mean marked or written down.

'Ankit' is used for inscriptions, markings, or data points. 'Likhit' is for text.

सिक्के पर वर्ष अंकित है।

लिखित vs पंजीकृत (Panjikaran)

Both relate to official documents.

'Pajikaran' means registered. A document can be 'likhit' but not 'panjikaran'.

लिखित वसीयत का पंजीकरण ज़रूरी है।

लिखित vs मौखिक (Maukhik)

Opposite terms often confused by beginners.

'Maukhik' is oral/spoken. 'Likhit' is written.

मौखिक परीक्षा आसान थी, लिखित कठिन।

文型パターン

यह [Noun] लिखित है।

यह परीक्षा लिखित है।

मुझे लिखित [Noun] चाहिए।

मुझे लिखित अनुमति चाहिए।

[Subject] ने लिखित [Noun] दिया।

उसने लिखित आश्वासन दिया।

[Noun] को लिखित रूप में दें।

आवेदन को लिखित रूप में दें।

लिखित [Noun] के बिना [Result] नहीं होगा।

लिखित प्रमाण के बिना न्याय नहीं होगा।

लिखित और मौखिक [Noun] में अंतर है।

लिखित और मौखिक परंपरा में अंतर है।

[Subject] लिखित साक्ष्यों पर आधारित है।

यह दावा लिखित साक्ष्यों पर आधारित है।

अधोलिखित [Noun] का पालन करें।

अधोलिखित नियमों का पालन करें।

語族

名詞

लेखक (Lekhak - Author/Writer)

लेखन (Lekhan - Writing)

लेख (Lekh - Article/Script)

लिपि (Lipi - Script)

लिखावट (Likhawat - Handwriting)

動詞

लिखना (Likhna - To write)

लिखवाना (Likhwana - To cause someone to write)

लिख लेना (Likh lena - To write down)

形容詞

लिखित (Likhit - Written)

हस्तलिखित (Hastalikhit - Handwritten)

अलिखित (Alikhit - Unwritten)

अधोलिखित (Adholikhit - Written below)

使い方

frequency

Very common in formal, educational, and legal contexts.

よくある間違い

Using 'लिखा' as an adjective for exams. → लिखित परीक्षा
'लिखा' is a verb. 'लिखित' is the specific adjective for exams.
Saying 'लिखित पत्र' for a casual note. → लिखा हुआ पत्र / नोट
'लिखित' is too formal for a quick note to a friend.
Pronouncing it as 'Likit'. → लिखित (Likhit)
The 'kh' must be aspirated. Without it, the word sounds wrong.
Changing it to 'लिखिता' for feminine nouns. → लिखित परीक्षा
In modern Hindi, it is invariant. Don't add 'a' or 'i' endings.
Using 'लिखित' to mean 'script'. → लिपि (Lipi)
'Likhit' means the act of being written, not the system of writing.

ヒント

Adjective Invariance

Remember that 'लिखित' doesn't change its ending to 'a' or 'i' based on the noun. It's always 'लिखित'.

Professional Tone

Use 'लिखित' in emails and formal letters to sound more educated and professional.

Pairing with Maukhik

Learn 'लिखित' and 'मौखिक' together. They are like 'Left' and 'Right' in the world of communication.

Legal Use

In any legal context, 'लिखित' is the only word used. 'लिखा हुआ' will sound out of place in a courtroom.

Root Recognition

If you see 'Likh', it always relates to writing. This helps you guess the meaning of new words like 'Lekhak' or 'Likhawat'.

Exam Names

If you are taking a Hindi exam, look for the section 'लिखित भाग' (Written Part).

Compound Words

Try using 'हस्तलिखित' for 'handwritten' to add variety to your writing.

Clear Aspiration

The 'kh' sound is key. Practice saying 'kh' like a sharp breath out.

Indian Bureaucracy

Understand that 'लिखित' is the language of the 'file'. In India, if it's not on the file (likhit), it doesn't exist.

Visual Link

Visualize a pen (Kalam) and a paper (Kagaz) whenever you hear 'Likhit'.

暗記しよう

記憶術

Think of 'Likhit' as 'Link-it'. When you write something down, you 'link it' to the paper permanently. 'Likh' is the root for writing in Hindi, just like 'Script' is in English.

視覚的連想

Imagine a heavy, old-fashioned wax seal on a scroll. That scroll is 'लिखित' (official and written). Compare it to a bubble of air which represents 'मौखिक' (spoken and gone).

Word Web

परीक्षा (Exam) प्रमाण (Proof) अनुमति (Permission) शिकायत (Complaint) दस्तावेज़ (Document) इतिहास (History) संविधान (Constitution) समझौता (Agreement)

チャレンジ

Try to find three things in your house that have 'लिखित' instructions. Say out loud: 'यह लिखित निर्देश है' (This is a written instruction).

語源

Derived from the Sanskrit word 'लिखित' (likhita), which is the past passive participle of the root 'लिख्' (likh), meaning 'to scratch, to furrow, to write'.

元の意味： Originally, it referred to things that were scratched or engraved onto surfaces like stone, clay, or birch bark (bhojpatra).

Indo-Aryan family, descending from Sanskrit through Prakrit and Apabhramsha into Modern Hindi.

文化的な背景

No specific sensitivities, but using 'लिखित' instead of 'लिखा हुआ' in personal emotional letters might make you sound cold or overly formal.

In English-speaking legal systems, 'in writing' is a standard requirement for contracts. 'लिखित' serves the exact same legal and social function in Hindi-speaking regions.

The Indian Constitution (Bharatiya Samvidhan) - The world's longest written (लिखित) constitution. Ashoka's Edicts - The earliest surviving written (लिखित) records of an Indian king. UPSC Exams - The 'Likhit Pariksha' (written exam) is known as one of the toughest in the world.

実生活で練習する

実際の使用場面

Legal Matters

लिखित साक्ष्य
लिखित बयान
लिखित अनुबंध
लिखित शिकायत

Education

लिखित परीक्षा
लिखित कार्य
लिखित उत्तर
लिखित निर्देश

Office/Business

लिखित अनुमति
लिखित आश्वासन
लिखित सूचना
लिखित त्यागपत्र

History

लिखित इतिहास
लिखित स्रोत
लिखित परंपरा
हस्तलिखित पांडुलिपि

Daily Life

लिखित संदेश
लिखित गारंटी
लिखित पता
लिखित सूची

会話のきっかけ

"क्या आपकी परीक्षा लिखित थी या मौखिक? (Was your exam written or oral?)"

"क्या मुझे इस काम के लिए लिखित अनुमति की ज़रूरत है? (Do I need written permission for this work?)"

"क्या आपके पास कोई लिखित प्रमाण है? (Do you have any written proof?)"

"क्या सरकार ने लिखित आश्वासन दिया है? (Has the government given a written assurance?)"

"क्या आप अपनी शिकायत लिखित रूप में दे सकते हैं? (Can you give your complaint in written form?)"

日記のテーマ

आज आपने कौन सा लिखित कार्य पूरा किया? (What written work did you complete today?)

लिखित भाषा हमारे जीवन के लिए क्यों महत्वपूर्ण है? (Why is written language important for our lives?)

एक ऐसी घटना के बारे में लिखें जहाँ लिखित प्रमाण ने आपकी मदद की। (Write about an incident where written proof helped you.)

क्या आपको लगता है कि भविष्य में लिखित किताबें खत्म हो जाएँगी? (Do you think written books will disappear in the future?)

मौखिक और लिखित वादों में क्या अंतर है? (What is the difference between oral and written promises?)

よくある質問

10 問

Yes, in modern Hindi, 'लिखित' can refer to emails, text messages, and digital documents because they are in written form, not oral.

'लिखा' is a verb ('He wrote'). 'लिखित' is an adjective ('The written exam'). Use 'लिखा' for actions and 'लिखित' for descriptions.

Yes, but 'हस्तलिखित' is more precise if you want to emphasize that it was written by hand.

As an adjective in modern Hindi, it is invariant and does not change with gender. 'लिखित परीक्षा' (F) and 'लिखित पत्र' (M) are both correct.

The most common opposite is 'मौखिक' (Maukhik), which means oral or verbal.

Yes, it is a Tatsama word, meaning it is borrowed directly from Sanskrit into Hindi without changes.

Use it when you want to say 'in writing'. For example, 'मुझे यह लिखित में चाहिए' (I want this in writing).

It's common in formal or serious conversations, but in casual talk, people prefer 'लिखा हुआ'.

No, 'script' is 'लिपि' (Lipi). 'लिखित' means 'written'.

It is called 'लिखित इतिहास' (Likhit Itihas).

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