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A2 noun #6,000 よく出る 9分で読める

दर्पण

darpaṇ 上位6,000

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解説 दर्पण in your Level:

At the A1 level, you should learn 'दर्पण' (Darpaṇ) as a simple noun representing a household object. Think of it alongside other basic words like 'मेज' (table) or 'कुर्सी' (chair). At this stage, your focus should be on identifying the object and using it in very simple 'Subject-Verb-Object' sentences. For example, 'यह एक दर्पण है' (This is a mirror). You will learn that it is a masculine noun, which is important for basic grammar. You might use it when describing a room or talking about your morning routine, like 'मैं दर्पण में देखता हूँ' (I look in the mirror). Don't worry about the scientific or philosophical uses yet. Just remember that it's a formal way to say 'mirror'. If you go to a shop, you might see it on a label. Practice saying the word clearly, focusing on the 'da' and the retroflex 'n' at the end. It's a great word to start building your vocabulary of 'pure' Hindi words as opposed to loanwords from English or Persian. Even at this early stage, knowing 'Darpan' helps you understand that Hindi has multiple words for the same thing depending on how formal you want to be.

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At the A2 level, you can begin to use 'दर्पण' with adjectives and in more descriptive sentences. You should be able to describe the size, color, or condition of a mirror. For instance, 'दीवार पर एक बड़ा दर्पण है' (There is a large mirror on the wall). You will also start using postpositions like 'में' (in), 'पर' (on), and 'के पास' (near). A typical A2 sentence might be 'दर्पण के पास मेरी कंघी रखी है' (My comb is kept near the mirror). This level also introduces the plural form and the oblique case. You should know that 'दर्पण' doesn't change in the plural unless a postposition follows it. You can also start recognizing the word in simple reading materials, like children's stories where a character might look at their reflection. Understanding that 'Darpan' is a masculine noun becomes more critical here as you start using more complex verb tenses. For example, in the past tense: 'मैंने एक नया दर्पण खरीदा' (I bought a new mirror). The 'a' ending of 'khareda' agrees with the masculine 'Darpan'.

By the B1 level, you should be comfortable using 'दर्पण' in a variety of contexts, including its scientific and slightly metaphorical meanings. You will encounter 'दर्पण' in school-level science texts where it explains how light reflects. You should be able to discuss types of mirrors, such as 'समतल दर्पण' (plane mirror). At this stage, you also begin to see the word in news headlines or magazine titles. You can use it to talk about social issues in a basic way, like 'यह कहानी समाज का दर्पण है' (This story is a mirror of society). Your vocabulary will expand to include related terms like 'प्रतिबिंब' (reflection) and 'परावर्तन' (reflection of light). You should also be able to distinguish between 'Darpan', 'Sheesha', and 'Aaina' and choose the right one based on the person you are talking to. If you are writing a formal essay for a Hindi class, you would choose 'Darpan'. If you are writing a dialogue between two friends, you might stick to 'Sheesha'. This level is about refining your choice of words and understanding the 'register' or formality of the language.

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At the B2 level, you are expected to use 'दर्पण' with nuance and in complex sentence structures. You will encounter the word in more sophisticated literature, editorials, and academic discussions. You should be able to use it in abstract ways, discussing how art or media serves as a 'darpan' for the human condition. You will also learn more complex compound words and phrases, such as 'हृदय-दर्पण' (mirror of the heart) or 'आत्म-दर्पण' (self-mirror). At this level, your grammar should be flawless when using 'Darpan' in various cases. You might use the passive voice: 'दर्पण में चेहरा देखा गया' (The face was seen in the mirror). You should also be able to explain the etymology of the word if asked, or at least recognize its Sanskrit roots. In discussions about optics or photography, you will use 'दर्पण' to describe technical components. You can also engage in debates about whether 'sahitya' (literature) truly acts as a 'darpan' for society, using the word to anchor your arguments. This level is about moving beyond the physical object and into the realm of ideas.

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At the C1 level, you have a deep understanding of the word 'दर्पण' and its place in the linguistic landscape of Hindi. You can appreciate the stylistic choice of using 'Darpan' over its synonyms to create a specific tone in writing. You will encounter it in classical poetry and high-level philosophical texts, perhaps in discussions of Advaita Vedanta where the mind is compared to a mirror that must be kept clean to reflect the divine. You can use the word in complex, multi-clause sentences with ease. You should also be familiar with rare idioms or historical references involving mirrors. Your ability to translate between English and Hindi will involve knowing when 'mirror' should be 'Darpan' and when it should be 'Sheesha' to preserve the original text's 'soul'. You might even use the word in creative writing to evoke a sense of tradition or formality. At this level, 'Darpan' is not just a word; it's a cultural symbol that you can manipulate to add depth and resonance to your speech and writing.

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At the C2 level, you possess a native-like mastery of 'दर्पण'. You can use it in highly specialized fields, from advanced physics to deep-dive literary criticism. You understand the subtle historical shifts in how the word has been used from ancient Sanskrit texts to modern Hindi journalism. You can participate in high-level academic seminars where 'Darpan' might be used to discuss the 'mimetic' nature of art. You are also aware of the word's presence in various dialects and how it might be substituted in regional literature. Your use of the word is instinctive, and you can play with its sounds and meanings in poetry or high-level rhetoric. You can analyze how a writer uses the motif of the 'Darpan' to build a theme of self-identity or social critique. At this ultimate level, you don't just know what the word means; you feel its historical weight and its aesthetic potential. You can switch between the formal 'Darpan' and the colloquial 'Sheesha' with perfect social awareness, using each to achieve a specific communicative goal.

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練習する例文メモとヒント

दर्पण 30秒で

Darpan is the formal Hindi word for 'mirror', derived from Sanskrit.
It is a masculine noun used in literature, science, and formal media.
While 'sheesha' is common in daily talk, 'Darpan' implies truth and reflection.
Grammatically, it requires masculine agreement for adjectives and verbs.

The Hindi word दर्पण (Darpaṇ) is a masculine noun that primarily translates to 'mirror' in English. While the everyday term for a mirror in spoken Hindi is often the Persian-derived word 'शीशा' (sheesha), 'दर्पण' carries a more formal, literary, and sometimes philosophical weight. It originates from the Sanskrit root 'दृप्' (dṛp), which relates to pride or shining. Historically, a mirror was seen as an object that reflects one's pride or physical self. In modern usage, you will encounter this word in textbooks, formal literature, news broadcasts, and scientific discussions. For example, in a physics classroom, a concave mirror is referred to as 'अवतल दर्पण' (avtal darpaṇ), never as an 'avtal sheesha'. This distinction is crucial for learners moving from basic conversational Hindi to a more academic or professional level. Beyond the physical object—a glass surface with a reflective coating—the word is frequently used metaphorically. It represents a reflection of reality, truth, or society. The famous adage 'साहित्य समाज का दर्पण है' (Literature is the mirror of society) illustrates this perfectly. When you use 'दर्पण', you are invoking a sense of clarity and truth. It is the tool used to see things as they truly are, without distortion. In cultural contexts, the mirror holds significant value in Indian aesthetics, symbolizing self-awareness and the dual nature of reality and illusion (Maya). Whether you are describing the interior of a royal palace like the 'Sheesh Mahal' (which uses the synonym) or discussing the philosophical 'mirror of the soul' (aatma ka darpan), understanding this word provides a gateway into the deeper nuances of the Hindi language.

Literal Usage: Refers to a physical mirror used for grooming or in optics.
Metaphorical Usage: Refers to something that reflects the true nature of a person, society, or concept.
Scientific Context: Used in physics to describe lenses and reflective surfaces (e.g., Uttal Darpan for convex mirror).

सच्चा मित्र वही है जो आपको आपका असली दर्पण दिखाए। (A true friend is one who shows you your real mirror/reflection.)

वैज्ञानिकों ने एक नया शक्तिशाली दर्पण बनाया है। (Scientists have created a new powerful mirror.)

उसकी आँखों में सच्चाई का दर्पण साफ दिखता है। (The mirror of truth is clearly visible in his eyes.)

कमरे के कोने में एक पुराना दर्पण रखा था। (An old mirror was kept in the corner of the room.)

यह फिल्म आधुनिक जीवन का दर्पण है। (This film is a mirror of modern life.)

Using 'दर्पण' correctly involves understanding its grammatical gender and its place in different sentence structures. Since it is a masculine noun, any accompanying adjectives or verbs must reflect this. For instance, you would say 'सुंदर दर्पण' (beautiful mirror) rather than 'सुंदरी दर्पण'. When used as a subject, it takes the standard masculine singular or plural forms. In the plural, the word remains 'दर्पण' in the direct case (e.g., 'दो दर्पण' - two mirrors) but changes to 'दर्पणों' in the oblique case (e.g., 'दर्पणों की चमक' - the shine of the mirrors). Sentences involving 'दर्पण' often revolve around the act of seeing or reflecting. The verb 'देखना' (to see) is its most frequent companion. You 'look into' a mirror, which in Hindi is expressed as 'दर्पण में देखना'. It's also important to note the postpositions. When you say 'on the mirror', it is 'दर्पण पर', and 'with the mirror' is 'दर्पण के साथ'. In more complex sentences, 'दर्पण' serves as a bridge for comparative language. You might say 'उसका चेहरा दर्पण के समान चमक रहा है' (His face is shining like a mirror). This 'के समान' (like/similar to) construction is very common in Hindi poetry. Furthermore, in scientific or technical writing, you will see 'दर्पण' combined with specific descriptors to define types of mirrors. 'समतल दर्पण' (plane mirror) is the most basic type. When discussing the properties of light, you might say 'प्रकाश दर्पण से टकराकर परावर्तित होता है' (Light hits the mirror and reflects). This level of precision is why 'दर्पण' is preferred over 'sheesha' in academic texts. Whether you are describing a physical object in a room or using it to create a vivid metaphor about self-reflection, the word 'दर्पण' offers a range of expressive possibilities that are essential for any intermediate Hindi learner.

Direct Object: उसने दर्पण को साफ़ किया। (He cleaned the mirror.)
Locative Case: दर्पण में अपना चेहरा देखो। (Look at your face in the mirror.)
Possessive Case: यह दर्पण का फ्रेम सोने का है। (This mirror's frame is made of gold.)

क्या आपने कभी दर्पण से बात की है? (Have you ever talked to a mirror?)

यह दर्पण बहुत पुराना और कीमती है। (This mirror is very old and valuable.)

धूल की वजह से दर्पण धुंधला हो गया है। (The mirror has become blurry due to dust.)

In the real world, the frequency of the word 'दर्पण' varies significantly depending on the environment. If you are walking through a busy market in Delhi or Mumbai, you are much more likely to hear 'शीशा' (sheesha) when someone is selling a mirror or talking about a broken car window. However, 'दर्पण' is the star of the show in several specific domains. First, in the world of Indian media and journalism, 'दर्पण' is a very popular name for newspapers, magazines, and news segments. There are numerous regional publications with titles like 'साप्ताहिक दर्पण' (Weekly Mirror) or 'नगर दर्पण' (City Mirror). In this context, the word signifies that the publication aims to reflect the truth of the community. Second, you will hear it in the classroom. From primary school science to university-level physics, 'दर्पण' is the standard terminology for any reflective surface. Teachers will explain the laws of reflection using this word. Third, 'दर्पण' is ubiquitous in Hindi literature and poetry. Poets use it to describe beauty, introspection, and the soul. In Bollywood songs, while 'sheesha' and 'aaina' (the Urdu equivalent) are very common due to their rhythmic quality, 'दर्पण' appears in more soulful or classically-influenced tracks. You might also encounter it in historical dramas or mythological shows (like Mahabharat or Ramayan), where the language used is 'Shuddh Hindi' (pure Hindi). In these settings, characters would never use the Persian 'sheesha'; they would always say 'दर्पण'. Lastly, in the spiritual and self-help world, 'दर्पण' is used in meditation practices to refer to the 'mind-mirror' that needs to be cleaned of thoughts to see the true self. Hearing 'दर्पण' immediately tells you that the conversation is either formal, educational, or deeply meaningful. It is a word that commands a certain level of respect and attention.

Media: Common in names of news programs and magazines (e.g., 'Bharat Darpan').
Education: Standard term in science textbooks for mirrors and optics.
Literature: Used in poetry and prose to symbolize truth and self-reflection.

For English speakers learning Hindi, the most common mistake with 'दर्पण' is confusing it with other words for glass or mirrors. While 'दर्पण' is a mirror, 'काँच' (kaanch) is the word for the material 'glass' itself. You cannot use 'दर्पण' to describe a drinking glass or a window pane; those are made of 'kaanch'. Another frequent error is the gender of the word. Since many objects in the house have varying genders in Hindi, students often forget that 'दर्पण' is masculine. Saying 'दर्पण बड़ी है' (The mirror is big - feminine) is incorrect; it must be 'दर्पण बड़ा है'. Another nuance is the register. Using 'दर्पण' in a very casual setting, like asking a friend if they have a pocket mirror to check their hair, might sound slightly stiff or overly formal. In that case, 'sheesha' or 'aaina' would be more appropriate. However, the opposite is also true: using 'sheesha' in a scientific paper or a formal essay on literature would be seen as a lack of vocabulary depth. Another mistake is in the pronunciation of the 'ṇ' (ण) sound. English speakers often replace it with a standard 'n' (न). While 'Darpan' with a 'n' is usually understood, the correct retroflex 'ṇ' (where the tongue curls back) adds a layer of authenticity to your speech. Finally, learners sometimes struggle with the metaphorical use. They might try to translate 'mirror' literally in phrases where Hindi uses a different idiom. For example, 'to look at oneself in the mirror' in a moral sense is often 'apne girebaan mein jhaankna' (to look into one's own collar), though 'aatma-darpan' (self-mirror) is also used in formal contexts. Avoiding these pitfalls requires a mix of grammatical discipline and an ear for the 'vibe' of the conversation. Pay attention to whether the speaker is aiming for a poetic, scientific, or everyday tone, and choose your word for 'mirror' accordingly.

Gender Error: Using feminine adjectives with 'Darpan' (it is masculine).
Material Confusion: Using 'Darpan' when you mean 'Kaanch' (general glass material).
Register Mismatch: Using 'Darpan' in very casual slang-heavy conversations.

Hindi is rich with synonyms for 'mirror', each carrying a different cultural and linguistic flavor. Understanding these alternatives will help you navigate different social and literary settings. The most common alternative is शीशा (Sheesha). This word is of Persian origin and is the default term in daily life. If a mirror breaks, people say 'sheesha toot gaya'. It also refers to glass in general. Then there is आईना (Aaina), another Persian loanword that is extremely popular in Urdu poetry and Bollywood songs. 'Aaina' sounds romantic and slightly more poetic than 'sheesha', but less formal than 'दर्पण'. In classical Sanskritized Hindi, you might find the word मुकुर (Mukur), though this is very rare today and mostly found in ancient texts or high-level poetry. Another related term is प्रतिबिंब (Pratibimb), which means 'reflection'. While not a mirror itself, it is what the mirror produces. If you want to say 'The mirror shows a reflection', you would say 'दर्पण प्रतिबिंब दिखाता है'. In a scientific context, you might hear परावर्तक (Paravartak), which means 'reflector'. This is used when discussing the function of the mirror rather than the object itself. Comparing 'Darpan' to these words: 'Darpan' is the 'standard' and 'formal' choice; 'Sheesha' is the 'practical' choice; 'Aaina' is the 'artistic/emotional' choice. By choosing 'Darpan', you are signaling a preference for pure Hindi vocabulary, often associated with education and high culture. It's the difference between saying 'television' and 'small screen'—both are correct, but they change the texture of your sentence.

शीशा (Sheesha): Everyday use, covers both mirrors and glass material. Less formal.
आईना (Aaina): Poetic and emotional, common in songs and Urdu-influenced Hindi.
मुकुर (Mukur): Highly classical, almost exclusively found in old literature.

How Formal Is It?

豆知識

In ancient India, mirrors were made of highly polished metal (bronze or copper) before glass mirrors became common. The word 'Darpan' was used for these metal reflectors too.

発音ガイド

UK /ˈdʌrpʌn/

US /ˈdɑːrpən/

The stress is on the first syllable: DAR-pan.

韻が合う語

अर्पण (Arpan - offering) तर्पण (Tarpan - libation) समर्पण (Samarpan - surrender) गर्जन (Garjan - roar) वर्जन (Varjan - exclusion) दर्शन (Darshan - vision) घर्षण (Gharshan - friction) आकर्षण (Aakarshan - attraction)

よくある間違い

Pronouncing the final 'n' as a dental 'n' (like in 'sun') instead of the retroflex 'ṇ'.
Over-emphasizing the 'r', making it sound like 'darr-pan'. It should be a soft flap.
Pronouncing 'a' as 'ay' instead of the schwa 'ə'.
Confusing it with the word 'Darp' (pride).
Misgendering it as feminine because it ends with a consonant.

難易度

読解 3/5

Easy to recognize in texts, but requires knowing the retroflex 'n'.

ライティング 4/5

The conjunct 'rp' (र्प) can be tricky for beginners to write correctly.

スピーキング 3/5

Pronunciation is straightforward except for the final 'n'.

リスニング 2/5

Very distinct sound; unlikely to be confused with other common words.

次に学ぶべきこと

前提知識

साफ़ (Clean) देखना (To see) दीवार (Wall) चेहरा (Face) काँच (Glass)

次に学ぶ

प्रतिबिंब (Reflection) परावर्तन (Reflection of light) पारदर्शी (Transparent) अस्पष्ट (Blurry) सच्चाई (Truth)

上級

आत्म-साक्षात्कार (Self-realization) विम्ब-विधान (Imagery in poetry) प्रकाशिकी (Optics) यथार्थवाद (Realism)

知っておくべき文法

Masculine Noun Agreement

बड़ा दर्पण (Big mirror), बड़े दर्पण (Big mirrors).

Oblique Case Plural

दर्पणों में (In the mirrors).

Postposition 'में'

दर्पण में देखो (Look in the mirror).

Postposition 'पर'

दर्पण पर धूल है (There is dust on the mirror).

Compound Verb with 'टूट जाना'

दर्पण टूट गया (The mirror broke).

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レベル別の例文

यह एक छोटा दर्पण है।

This is a small mirror.

Uses masculine adjective 'छोटा' (chhota) to match 'दर्पण'.

दर्पण कहाँ है?

Where is the mirror?

Simple interrogative sentence.

मेरे पास एक दर्पण है।

I have a mirror.

Uses 'के पास' construction for possession.

दर्पण साफ़ है।

The mirror is clean.

Simple descriptive sentence.

वह दर्पण में देखता है।

He looks in the mirror.

Present simple tense with 'में' postposition.

यह दर्पण नया है।

This mirror is new.

Masculine adjective 'नया' (naya).

मेज पर दर्पण है।

The mirror is on the table.

Uses 'पर' (on) postposition.

मुझे दर्पण चाहिए।

I want a mirror.

Uses 'चाहिए' for wanting.

दीवार पर लगा दर्पण बहुत बड़ा है।

The mirror fixed on the wall is very big.

Uses 'लगा' (fixed/attached) as a participle.

क्या आपने वह पुराना दर्पण देखा?

Did you see that old mirror?

Simple past tense.

मैं दर्पण के सामने खड़ा हूँ।

I am standing in front of the mirror.

Uses 'के सामने' (in front of).

उसने दर्पण को दीवार से उतार दिया।

He took the mirror down from the wall.

Uses 'से' (from) and 'उतारना' (to take down).

इस दर्पण का रंग सुनहरा है।

The color of this mirror is golden.

Possessive 'का' agreeing with 'रंग'.

दर्पण में अपना चेहरा साफ़ दिखाई देता है।

One's face is clearly visible in the mirror.

Uses 'दिखाई देना' (to be visible).

बाज़ार से एक सुंदर दर्पण लाओ।

Bring a beautiful mirror from the market.

Imperative sentence.

दर्पण गिरकर टूट गया।

The mirror fell and broke.

Compound verb 'टूट गया'.

विज्ञान की किताब में दर्पण के बारे में लिखा है।

It is written about mirrors in the science book.

Uses 'के बारे में' (about).

समतल दर्पण हमेशा सीधा प्रतिबिंब बनाता है।

A plane mirror always forms an upright reflection.

Scientific terminology: 'समतल दर्पण' and 'प्रतिबिंब'.

यह पत्रिका समाज का एक सच्चा दर्पण है।

This magazine is a true mirror of society.

Metaphorical usage.

दर्पण को साफ़ करने के लिए मुलायम कपड़े का प्रयोग करें।

Use a soft cloth to clean the mirror.

Formal instruction using 'प्रयोग करें'.

उसने दर्पण में अपनी आँखों की उदासी देखी।

She saw the sadness of her eyes in the mirror.

Emotional/Literary usage.

होटल के कमरों में बड़े-बड़े दर्पण लगे थे।

Large mirrors were fixed in the hotel rooms.

Plural usage in a descriptive sentence.

दर्पण के बिना मेकअप करना मुश्किल है।

It is difficult to do makeup without a mirror.

Uses 'के बिना' (without).

क्या आप दर्पण के पीछे देख सकते हैं?

Can you see behind the mirror?

Uses 'के पीछे' (behind).

साहित्य को समाज का दर्पण माना जाता है क्योंकि यह वास्तविकता को दर्शाता है।

Literature is considered a mirror of society because it reflects reality.

Complex sentence with 'क्योंकि' (because).

अवतल दर्पण का उपयोग सौर कुकर में प्रकाश को केंद्रित करने के लिए किया जाता है।

Concave mirrors are used in solar cookers to focus light.

Technical/Scientific passive construction.

उसकी कविताएँ उसके अंतर्मन का दर्पण हैं।

His poems are a mirror of his inner self.

Abstract metaphorical usage.

दर्पणों के समूह से बना यह महल अद्भुत दृश्य प्रस्तुत करता है।

This palace made of a group of mirrors presents a wonderful view.

Uses 'समूह' (group) and 'प्रस्तुत करना' (to present).

जैसे-जैसे हम बड़े होते हैं, दर्पण हमें समय की गति दिखाता है।

As we grow older, the mirror shows us the passage of time.

Philosophical observation.

कलाकार ने दर्पण के माध्यम से अपनी कला को एक नया आयाम दिया।

The artist gave a new dimension to his art through the mirror.

Uses 'के माध्यम से' (through the medium of).

क्या यह दर्पण वास्तव में वही दिखाता है जो हम हैं?

Does this mirror really show what we are?

Reflexive/Philosophical question.

दर्पण की सतह पर जमी धूल ने उसकी चमक खो दी थी।

The dust settled on the mirror's surface had caused it to lose its shine.

Complex possessive and past perfect context.

भारतीय दर्शन में, मन को एक दर्पण के समान माना गया है जिसे शुद्ध रखना आवश्यक है।

In Indian philosophy, the mind is considered like a mirror that must be kept pure.

High-level philosophical vocabulary.

उसकी आँखों में तैरता हुआ भय उसके हृदय के दर्पण को धुंधला कर रहा था।

The fear floating in his eyes was blurring the mirror of his heart.

Advanced literary imagery.

निर्वाचन के परिणाम जनता की आकांक्षाओं का दर्पण होते हैं।

Election results are a mirror of the people's aspirations.

Political/Formal register.

लेखक ने अपनी आत्मकथा में अतीत के दर्पण को बड़े कौशल से उकेरा है।

The author has skillfully carved the mirror of the past in his autobiography.

Metaphorical use of 'उकेरना' (to carve/etch).

यदि दर्पण ही टेढ़ा हो, तो प्रतिबिंब सीधा कैसे हो सकता है?

If the mirror itself is crooked, how can the reflection be straight?

Rhetorical/Proverbial structure.

इस फिल्म की पटकथा समकालीन विसंगतियों का एक सटीक दर्पण प्रस्तुत करती है।

The screenplay of this film presents an accurate mirror of contemporary anomalies.

Academic/Critical register.

दर्पण का प्रत्येक टुकड़ा अपनी एक अलग कहानी बयाँ करता था।

Every piece of the mirror told a different story of its own.

Personification and literary flair.

वैज्ञानिक अनुसंधान के क्षेत्र में, यह नया उपकरण ब्रह्मांड का दर्पण सिद्ध होगा।

In the field of scientific research, this new instrument will prove to be a mirror of the universe.

Future tense with 'सिद्ध होना' (to prove to be).

इतिहास के दर्पण में झांकने पर हमें अपनी पूर्वजों की महानता और उनकी भूलों, दोनों का आभास होता है।

Peering into the mirror of history, we sense both the greatness and the mistakes of our ancestors.

Highly sophisticated historical/philosophical register.

वह अपनी कला के माध्यम से अस्तित्व के उस दर्पण को तोड़ने का प्रयास कर रहा है जो समाज ने उस पर थोपा है।

Through his art, he is attempting to break that mirror of existence which society has imposed upon him.

Existentialist/Critical theory context.

काव्य की सूक्ष्मता में दर्पण केवल एक वस्तु नहीं, अपितु आत्मा के प्रकटीकरण का एक सोपान बन जाता है।

In the subtlety of poetry, the mirror becomes not just an object, but a step towards the manifestation of the soul.

Use of 'अपितु' (but rather) and 'सोपान' (step/ladder).

जब तक अहंकार का दर्पण स्वच्छ नहीं होता, तब तक सत्य का साक्षात् संभव नहीं है।

Until the mirror of ego is not cleansed, the realization of truth is not possible.

Spiritual/Vedantic terminology.

भाषा स्वयं में एक दर्पण है, जो उस संस्कृति की गहराई को प्रतिबिंबित करती है जिससे वह उपजी है।

Language itself is a mirror, reflecting the depth of the culture from which it originated.

Linguistic/Sociological analysis.

राजनीतिक विमर्श में, मीडिया की भूमिका एक निष्पक्ष दर्पण की होनी चाहिए, न कि किसी दल के मुखपत्र की।

In political discourse, the role of media should be that of an impartial mirror, not a mouthpiece of any party.

Complex political critique.

इस उपन्यास की संरचना एक बहुआयामी दर्पण की तरह है, जहाँ हर पात्र पाठक को स्वयं का ही एक अंश दिखाता है।

The structure of this novel is like a multi-dimensional mirror, where every character shows the reader a fragment of themselves.

Literary criticism terminology.

शून्य की अवस्था में, दर्पण और प्रतिबिंब का भेद समाप्त हो जाता है।

In the state of void, the distinction between the mirror and the reflection vanishes.

Advanced metaphysical concept.

よく使う組み合わせ

समतल दर्पण

अवतल दर्पण

उत्तल दर्पण

समाज का दर्पण

दर्पण साफ़ करना

दर्पण में देखना

दर्पण की चमक

हृदय का दर्पण

दर्पण का फ्रेम

धुंधला दर्पण

よく使うフレーズ

साहित्य समाज का दर्पण है

— Literature reflects the state of society. Used in essays and debates.

मुंशी प्रेमचंद की कहानियाँ समाज का दर्पण हैं।

दर्पण दिखाना

— To show someone the truth about themselves. Often used in arguments.

उसने अपनी बातों से मुझे दर्पण दिखा दिया।

अपना चेहरा दर्पण में देखो

— Literally look at yourself, or figuratively, introspect before accusing others.

दूसरों को बोलने से पहले अपना चेहरा दर्पण में देखो।

सच्चाई का दर्पण

— Something that reveals the absolute truth.

यह रिपोर्ट भ्रष्टाचार के खिलाफ सच्चाई का दर्पण है।

धूल भरा दर्पण

— A clouded judgment or a neglected mind.

उसका विवेक धूल भरे दर्पण जैसा हो गया है।

दर्पण जैसा साफ़

— Crystal clear; transparent.

उसका चरित्र दर्पण जैसा साफ़ है।

दर्पण की तरह चमकना

— To shine very brightly.

नदी का पानी दर्पण की तरह चमक रहा था।

दर्पण में प्रतिबिंब

— The reflection in the mirror.

दर्पण में प्रतिबिंब उल्टा दिखता है।

नया दर्पण

— A fresh perspective or a new object.

हमने बैठक के लिए एक नया दर्पण खरीदा।

टूटा हुआ दर्पण

— A broken mirror; often associated with bad luck in some cultures.

टूटा हुआ दर्पण अशुभ माना जाता है।

よく混同される語

दर्पण vs काँच (Kaanch)

Kaanch is the material (glass). Darpan is the object (mirror).

दर्पण vs शीशा (Sheesha)

Sheesha is more casual and also means glass material. Darpan is strictly mirror.

दर्पण vs प्रतिबिंब (Pratibimb)

Pratibimb is the reflection; Darpan is the surface that shows it.

慣用句と表現

"हाथ कंगन को आरसी क्या"

— The truth is obvious and needs no proof. (Arsi here is a mirror).

जब सब कुछ सामने है, तो हाथ कंगन को आरसी क्या?

Proverbial

"दर्पण दिखाना"

— To expose someone's true character or faults.

आज मैंने उसे उसकी असलियत का दर्पण दिखा दिया।

Common

"मन का दर्पण"

— The idea that one's external actions reflect their internal state.

तुम्हारी बातें तुम्हारे मन का दर्पण हैं।

Literary

"दर्पण की तरह टूटना"

— To be shattered completely, like glass.

उसका विश्वास दर्पण की तरह टूट गया।

Poetic

"धुंधला दर्पण होना"

— To have a confused or biased perspective.

गुस्से में इंसान का विवेक धुंधला दर्पण हो जाता है।

Metaphorical

"दर्पण में धूल होना"

— To have misconceptions that prevent seeing the truth.

जब तक दर्पण में धूल है, चेहरा साफ़ नहीं दिखेगा।

Philosophical

"सच्चा दर्पण"

— A person or thing that tells the unvarnished truth.

इतिहास एक सच्चा दर्पण है।

Formal

"दर्पण के सामने"

— To face oneself; to be honest with oneself.

दर्पण के सामने खड़े होकर अपनी गलतियाँ स्वीकार करो।

Instructional

"दर्पण जैसा व्यवहार"

— To treat others exactly how they treat you.

उसका व्यवहार दर्पण जैसा है; जैसा करोगे वैसा पाओगे।

Colloquial

"आत्मा का दर्पण"

— The eyes or the conscience reflecting the soul.

कहा जाता है कि आँखें आत्मा का दर्पण होती हैं।

Spiritual

間違えやすい

दर्पण vs दर्प (Darp)

Similar spelling and root.

Darp means 'pride' or 'arrogance', while Darpan means 'mirror'.

उसका दर्प चूर हो गया (His pride was shattered).

दर्पण vs दर्शन (Darshan)

Starts with 'Dar'.

Darshan means 'vision', 'viewing', or 'philosophy'.

भगवान के दर्शन करो (Have a vision of God).

दर्पण vs दमन (Daman)

Similar sound.

Daman means 'suppression' or 'control'.

विद्रोह का दमन किया गया (The rebellion was suppressed).

दर्पण vs दरवाज़ा (Darwaza)

Starts with 'Dar'.

Darwaza means 'door'.

दरवाज़ा खोलो (Open the door).

दर्पण vs दर्द (Dard)

Starts with 'Dar'.

Dard means 'pain'.

मेरे सिर में दर्द है (I have a headache).

文型パターン

यह [Adj] दर्पण है।

यह बड़ा दर्पण है।

दर्पण [Postposition] [Noun] है।

दर्पण के पास मेज है।

[Noun] समाज का दर्पण है।

सिनेमा समाज का दर्पण है।

दर्पण में [Abstract Noun] दिखाई देता है।

दर्पण में सच्चाई दिखाई देती है।

जैसे दर्पण [Verb], वैसे ही [Noun] [Verb]।

जैसे दर्पण प्रतिबिंब दिखाता है, वैसे ही आँखें मन दिखाती हैं।

[Noun] को दर्पण की संज्ञा दी गई है।

इतिहास को राष्ट्र के दर्पण की संज्ञा दी गई है।

Mixed

क्या आपने [Adj] दर्पण देखा?

क्या आपने वह टूटा हुआ दर्पण देखा?

Mixed

दर्पण साफ़ करने के लिए [Noun] चाहिए।

दर्पण साफ़ करने के लिए कपड़ा चाहिए।

語族

名詞

दर्पणकार (Darpan-kaar - mirror maker)

दर्पण-कक्ष (Darpan-kaksh - hall of mirrors)

動詞

दर्पणित करना (Darpanit karna - to reflect - rare/poetic)

形容詞

दर्पण-तुल्य (Darpan-tulya - mirror-like)

दर्पण-सा (Darpan-sa - like a mirror)

使い方

frequency

Common in formal writing, moderate in speech.

よくある間違い

दर्पण टूट गई → दर्पण टूट गया
Darpan is masculine, so the verb 'टूटना' must be in the masculine form 'गया', not the feminine 'गई'.
खिड़की का दर्पण → खिड़की का काँच
A window has glass (kaanch), not a mirror (darpan).
एक दर्पणों → एक दर्पण
You cannot use the oblique plural form 'दर्पणों' with the number 'one' or without a postposition.
Darpan with a dental 'n' → Darpaṇ with a retroflex 'ṇ'
The final letter is 'ण' (retroflex), not 'न' (dental).
Using 'Darpan' for a drinking glass → गिलास (Gilaas)
A drinking glass is 'gilaas'. 'Darpan' is only for mirrors.

ヒント

Formal Choice

Always choose 'Darpan' over 'Sheesha' when writing a formal letter or an academic essay to sound more educated.

Gender Check

Remember 'Darpan' is masculine. If you describe it as 'beautiful', use 'सुंदर' (sundar), not 'सुंदरी' (sundari).

Retroflex 'N'

Practice the 'ṇ' sound. It's the same sound found in 'Krishna' (कृष्ण) and 'Ganesh' (गणेश).

Auspicious Symbol

Understand that in Indian art, a mirror often symbolizes the removal of ignorance and the seeing of the true self.

Conjunct Character

The 'r' in 'Darpan' is written as a 'reph' (the hook above the 'pa'). Practice writing 'र्पण' carefully.

Contextual Learning

Look for the word in the names of Indian newspapers or magazines. You will see it very often.

Idiomatic Usage

Use the phrase 'दर्पण दिखाना' when someone is being hypocritical. It's a very powerful idiom.

Media Watch

Watch Hindi news; they often use 'Darpan' in segments like 'विश्व दर्पण' (World Mirror).

Register Awareness

If you use 'Darpan' with a street vendor, they might find it a bit formal. Stick to 'Sheesha' there.

Physics Terms

If you study science in Hindi, 'Darpan' is the only word used for mirrors. Learn 'Avtal' and 'Uttal' along with it.

暗記しよう

記憶術

Think of 'DAR-PAN'. You see your 'DARK' spots on your skin in a 'PAN-like' flat surface. (Darpan).

視覚的連想

Imagine a giant golden mirror in a palace reflecting a king. This helps associate the formal word 'Darpan' with royalty and high culture.

Word Web

Reflect Glass Truth Self Optics Symmetry Light Image

チャレンジ

Try to use 'Darpan' instead of 'Sheesha' three times today when talking about looking at yourself or reflecting on something.

語源

Derived from the Sanskrit word 'दर्पण' (Darpaṇa). The root is 'दृप्' (dṛp), which means 'to shine' or 'to be proud'.

元の意味： An instrument that causes shining or reflects one's pride (appearance).

Indo-Aryan

文化的な背景

No specific sensitivities, but avoid calling someone a 'Darpan' in a mocking way unless you mean they are reflecting your own bad behavior.

English speakers use 'mirror' for everything. In Hindi, you must choose 'Darpan' for formal/scientific writing and 'Sheesha' for casual talk.

Sahitya Samaj Ka Darpan Hai (Famous Hindi literary slogan) The Sheesh Mahal in Amer Fort, Rajasthan Hindi news channel segments titled 'Bharat Darpan'

実生活で練習する

実際の使用場面

At Home

दर्पण कहाँ है?
दर्पण साफ़ करो।
दर्पण में धूल है।
नया दर्पण खरीदो।

In a Science Class

समतल दर्पण के नियम।
दर्पण से परावर्तन।
अवतल दर्पण का फोकस।
दर्पण का सूत्र (Mirror formula).

Literary Discussion

समाज का दर्पण।
हृदय का दर्पण।
अतीत का दर्पण।
यथार्थ का दर्पण।

In a Shop

इस दर्पण की कीमत क्या है?
क्या आपके पास बड़ा दर्पण है?
दर्पण का फ्रेम दिखाएं।
दर्पण को पैक कर दें।

Self-Reflection

दर्पण में खुद को देखो।
सच्चाई का दर्पण।
दर्पण झूठ नहीं बोलता।
आत्म-दर्पण में झांकना।

会話のきっかけ

"क्या आप सुबह उठते ही दर्पण देखते हैं?"

"आपके घर में सबसे बड़ा दर्पण कहाँ लगा है?"

"क्या आपको लगता है कि सोशल मीडिया समाज का दर्पण है?"

"अगर दर्पण बोलना शुरू कर दें, तो क्या होगा?"

"क्या आपने कभी किसी ऐतिहासिक महल का 'शीश महल' या दर्पणों का कमरा देखा है?"

日記のテーマ

आज जब आपने दर्पण में देखा, तो आपने क्या सोचा? अपने विचारों को विस्तार से लिखें।

हिंदी के इस वाक्य 'साहित्य समाज का दर्पण है' पर अपने विचार एक अनुच्छेद में लिखें।

एक ऐसी कहानी लिखें जिसमें एक जादुई दर्पण हो जो भविष्य दिखाता हो।

अपने जीवन के उस व्यक्ति के बारे में लिखें जो आपके लिए 'दर्पण' की तरह है और आपको हमेशा सच बताता है।

दर्पण और परछाई के बीच के अंतर को दार्शनिक रूप से समझाएं।

よくある質問

10 問

It is a masculine noun. You should use masculine adjectives and verbs with it, like 'बड़ा दर्पण' (big mirror) or 'दर्पण टूट गया' (the mirror broke).

'Darpan' is a formal, Sanskrit-derived word meaning mirror. 'Sheesha' is a common, Persian-derived word that can mean mirror or glass in general. Use 'Darpan' for formal contexts.

A concave mirror is called 'अवतल दर्पण' (avtal darpaṇ) in Hindi scientific terminology.

Yes, but less frequently than 'sheesha'. It is used when someone wants to speak more formally or when referring to titles of books or shows.

It means 'Literature is the mirror of society'. It's a very common phrase used to describe how books reflect the reality of the world.

No, a window is 'खिड़की' (khidki) and the glass in it is 'काँच' (kaanch). 'Darpan' only refers to a reflective mirror.

The plural is also 'दर्पण' (darpaṇ) in the direct case. In the oblique case (with postpositions), it becomes 'दर्पणों' (darpaṇoṃ).

Yes, it is a 'Tatsam' word, meaning it is taken directly from Sanskrit into Hindi with its original spelling.

Because it symbolizes reflection and truth, which are key values in journalism.

It is a retroflex sound. Curl your tongue back and touch the roof of your mouth to pronounce the 'n'.

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