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The Question Particle -՞

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Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds

The -՞ particle turns any statement into a question by attaching to the stressed vowel of the focused word.

  • Attach -՞ to the vowel of the word you are questioning: 'Դու գալի՞ս ես' (Are you coming?)
  • The particle is written as a superscript question mark directly after the stressed vowel.
  • In speech, the pitch rises on the syllable where the -՞ is attached.
Word + ՞ (on stressed vowel) = Question

Meanings

The -՞ particle is a clitic used to transform a declarative sentence into an interrogative one, focusing on a specific part of the sentence.

1

General Question

Used to ask for confirmation or information regarding a specific action or state.

“Գնո՞ւմ ես:”

“Սա քո՞ գիրքն է:”

Interrogative Particle Placement

Statement Question Focus
Դու գալիս ես Դու գալի՞ս ես Verb
Սա լավ է Սա լա՞վ է Adjective
Նա գնաց Նա գնա՞ց Verb
Դուք գիտեք Դո՞ւք գիտեք Subject
Սա իմն է Սա ի՞մն է Possessive
Այսօր երեքշաբթի է Այսօր երեքշաբթի՞ է Noun

Reference Table

Reference table for The Question Particle -՞
Form Structure Example
Affirmative Subject + Verb Նա գալիս է
Question Subject + Verb(with ՞) Նա գալի՞ս է
Negative Negative + Verb Նա չի գալիս
Negative Question Negative(with ՞) + Verb Նա չի՞ գալիս
Focus on Subject Subject(with ՞) + Verb Նա՞ է գալիս
Focus on Adjective Subject + Adj(with ՞) + Verb Նա լա՞վ է

フォーマル度スペクトル

フォーマル
Դուք գալի՞ս եք:

Դուք գալի՞ս եք: (Social)

ニュートラル
Դու գալի՞ս ես:

Դու գալի՞ս ես: (Social)

カジュアル
Գալի՞ս ես:

Գալի՞ս ես: (Social)

スラング
Գալի՞ս ես:

Գալի՞ս ես: (Social)

The -՞ Particle Map

Interrogative Particle

Usage

  • Yes/No Polar questions

Placement

  • Stressed Vowel Focus point
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レベル別の例文

1

Գնո՞ւմ ես:

Are you going?

2

Սա քո՞ գիրքն է:

Is this your book?

3

Նա հոգնա՞ծ է:

Is he tired?

4

Ուտո՞ւմ ես:

Are you eating?

1

Դո՞ւ ես գալիս:

Are YOU coming?

2

Այսօր տա՞ք է:

Is it hot today?

3

Մենք հասա՞նք:

Did we arrive?

4

Նրանք գիտե՞ն:

Do they know?

1

Այդքան հե՞շտ է:

Is it that easy?

2

Ինձ սպասո՞ւմ են:

Are they waiting for me?

3

Այս ճանապարհը ճի՞շտ է:

Is this road correct?

4

Դուք ինձ լսո՞ւմ եք:

Are you listening to me?

1

Արդյոք նա կգա՞:

Will he come?

2

Հնարավո՞ր է դա անել:

Is it possible to do that?

3

Մենք պե՞տք է գնանք:

Do we need to go?

4

Դուք համաձա՞յն եք:

Do you agree?

1

Այդ որոշումը վերջնակա՞ն է:

Is that decision final?

2

Նա իսկապե՞ս այդպես ասաց:

Did he really say that?

3

Այս փաստարկը հիմնավորվա՞ծ է:

Is this argument substantiated?

4

Մենք պատրա՞ստ ենք սկսել:

Are we ready to start?

1

Արդյոք սա լավագույն լուծո՞ւմն է:

Is this indeed the best solution?

2

Նա գիտակցո՞ւմ է հետևանքները:

Does he realize the consequences?

3

Այս մոտեցումը արդյունավե՞տ է:

Is this approach effective?

4

Դուք վստա՞հ եք ձեր ընտրության մեջ:

Are you confident in your choice?

間違えやすい

The Question Particle -՞ 対 Question Words

Learners often add -՞ to words that already have it.

The Question Particle -՞ 対 Declarative Sentences

Learners forget to add -՞ to turn a statement into a question.

The Question Particle -՞ 対 Negative Questions

Learners don't know where to put the -՞ in negative sentences.

よくある間違い

✗

Գնում ես՞

✓

Գնո՞ւմ ես

The particle must be on the vowel, not at the end of the sentence.
✗

Ինչո՞ւ ես գալի՞ս

✓

Ինչո՞ւ ես գալիս

Do not use -՞ with question words.
✗

Գալիս՞ ես

✓

Գալի՞ս ես

The particle must be on the stressed vowel.
✗

Դու գալիս ես՞

✓

Դու գալի՞ս ես

The particle is not a punctuation mark at the end.
✗

Նա ուրախ՞ է

✓

Նա ուրա՞խ է

Place on the stressed vowel.
✗

Սա՞ լավ է

✓

Սա լա՞վ է

Focusing on the wrong word changes the meaning.
✗

Դուք գիտե՞ք

✓

Դո՞ւք գիտեք

Focusing on the subject is different from focusing on the verb.
✗

Արդյո՞ք նա գալիս է

✓

Արդյոք նա գալի՞ս է

The particle attaches to the verb, not the introductory word.
✗

Դուք ինձ լսում՞ եք

✓

Դուք ինձ լսո՞ւմ եք

Stress placement is key.
✗

Սա ճի՞շտ է

✓

Սա ճի՞շտ է

Correct, but ensure the focus is intended.

文型パターン

Դու ___ ես:

Սա ___ է:

Դուք ___ եք:

Այդ ___ է:

Real World Usage

Texting constant

Գալի՞ս ես:

Ordering food very common

Սա թա՞րմ է:

Job interviews common

Դուք պատրա՞ստ եք սկսել:

Travel common

Սա Երևանի՞ ավտոբուսն է:

Social media very common

Տեսա՞ր:

Classroom common

Հասկանո՞ւմ եք:

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💡

Focus on the Vowel

Always find the stressed vowel first. If you are unsure, it is usually the last vowel of the word.
⚠️

Don't Double Up

If the word is already a question word like 'ո՞վ', don't add another ՞.
🎯

Change the Meaning

Move the ՞ to different words to change what you are asking about.
💬

Natural Sound

Using the ՞ correctly makes you sound like a native speaker immediately.

Smart Tips

Attach the ՞ to the verb.

Դու գալիս ես → Դու գալի՞ս ես

Attach the ՞ to the adjective.

Նա հոգնած է → Նա հոգնա՞ծ է

Attach the ՞ to the subject.

Դուք գիտեք → Դո՞ւք գիտեք

Attach the ՞ to the negative verb.

Չես գալիս → Չե՞ս գալիս

発音

ga-LI-s es

Intonation

The pitch rises on the syllable where the -՞ is attached.

Rising

Դու գալի՞ս ես ↑

Indicates a question.

暗記しよう

記憶術

Think of the ՞ as a hook that grabs the stressed vowel to pull the sentence into a question.

視覚的連想

Imagine a fishing rod (the ՞) hooking onto the vowel of a word, lifting it up to ask a question.

Rhyme

When you want to ask, don't be shy, put the ՞ on the vowel, let it fly!

Story

A student named Aram was confused about questions. He saw a vowel and decided to hang a little hook on it. Suddenly, the sentence 'Aram is eating' became 'Is Aram eating?'. He realized the hook was magic.

Word Web

գալի՞սլա՞վգիտե՞սհոգնա՞ծճի՞շտպատրա՞ստ

チャレンジ

Write 5 questions about your day using the -՞ particle and say them out loud.

文化メモ

The -՞ is used in all dialects, though stress patterns might vary slightly.

The -՞ particle is an ancient feature of the Armenian language, used to mark interrogative modality.

会話のきっかけ

“

Գալի՞ս ես:

“

Սա քո՞ գիրքն է:

“

Դուք համաձա՞յն եք:

“

Այս մոտեցումը արդյունավե՞տ է:

日記のテーマ

Write 5 questions you would ask a friend.
Describe your morning routine using questions.
Interview a classmate about their hobbies.
Reflect on a difficult decision using questions.
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Test Yourself

Fill in the correct form of the verb.

Դու գալի___ ես:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: ՞
The particle attaches to the vowel.
Choose the correct question. 選択問題

Which is correct?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Գնո՞ւմ ես
The particle attaches to the stressed vowel.
Fix the mistake. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

Ինչո՞ւ ես գալի՞ս

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Ինչո՞ւ ես գալիս
Do not use -՞ with question words.
Reorder the words. Sentence Reorder

Arrange the words in the correct order:

All words placed

Click words above to build the sentence

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Դու գալի՞ս ես
Standard word order.
Translate to Armenian. 翻訳

Are you tired?

Answer starts with: Դու...

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Դու հոգնա՞ծ ես
Correct particle placement.
Build a question. Sentence Building

Նա / լավ / է

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Նա լա՞վ է
Particle on stressed vowel.
Sort by focus. Grammar Sorting

Focus on subject: Դուք գիտե՞ք

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Դո՞ւք գիտեք
Focusing on subject.
Add the particle. Conjugation Drill

Գնում են (Question)

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Գնո՞ւմ են
Particle on stressed vowel.

Score: /8

練習問題

8 exercises
Fill in the correct form of the verb.

Դու գալի___ ես:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: ՞
The particle attaches to the vowel.
Choose the correct question. 選択問題

Which is correct?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Գնո՞ւմ ես
The particle attaches to the stressed vowel.
Fix the mistake. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

Ինչո՞ւ ես գալի՞ս

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Ինչո՞ւ ես գալիս
Do not use -՞ with question words.
Reorder the words. Sentence Reorder

ես / գալի՞ս / Դու

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Դու գալի՞ս ես
Standard word order.
Translate to Armenian. 翻訳

Are you tired?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Դու հոգնա՞ծ ես
Correct particle placement.
Build a question. Sentence Building

Նա / լավ / է

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Նա լա՞վ է
Particle on stressed vowel.
Sort by focus. Grammar Sorting

Focus on subject: Դուք գիտե՞ք

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Դո՞ւք գիտեք
Focusing on subject.
Add the particle. Conjugation Drill

Գնում են (Question)

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Գնո՞ւմ են
Particle on stressed vowel.

Score: /8

よくある質問 (8)

Place it on the stressed vowel of the word you want to emphasize.

No, words like 'ինչ' (what) already have the ՞ built-in.

Yes, moving the ՞ changes the focus of the question.

Yes, it is the standard way to form questions in all registers.

It usually attaches to the last stressed vowel.

It is a clitic particle that acts like a punctuation mark.

Raise your pitch on the syllable with the ՞.

Yes, attach it to the negative verb.

Scaffolded Practice

1

1

2

2

3

3

4

4

Mastery Progress

Needs Practice

Improving

Strong

Mastered

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In Other Languages

English low

Do/Does support

Armenian does not require auxiliary verb inversion.

Spanish low

Intonation and punctuation

Armenian uses a morphological marker.

French low

Est-ce que

Armenian is more concise.

Japanese partial

Ka particle

Placement is different (end vs. stressed vowel).

Arabic partial

Hal/Hamza

Placement is different (start vs. stressed word).

Chinese partial

Ma particle

Placement is different (end vs. stressed vowel).

Learning Path

Prerequisites

Previous
Asking 'How?': Ինչպե՞ս
Next
Forming Yes/No Questions: With and Without -՞

Related Grammar Rules

A1

Asking 'How?': Ինչպե՞ս
B2

Word Order in Questions vs. Statements
A0

Asking 'What is this?': Identifying Objects
A0

Forming Basic Questions: Is it...?
A0

Asking 'Whose is this?': Inquiring about Possession
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