B1 · 中級 チャプター 37

Formal vs. Informal Registers

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このチャプターのルール クイック練習

Chapter in 30 Seconds

Master the art of switching between professional and casual Indonesian to sound like a local.

  • Identify the markers of formal versus informal Indonesian.
  • Apply correct honorifics for professional settings.
  • Modify sentence structures to fit natural colloquial speech.
Speak the right way, every single day.

学べること

Discusses differences between spoken and written Indonesian. Covers standard vs. colloquial grammar.

Learning Objectives

By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:

  1. 1
    By the end you will be able to: adapt your tone for business meetings versus casual hangouts.

ヒントとコツ (4)

🎯

The 'Me-' Test

If you are in a formal setting and aren't sure whether to use a prefix, use it! It is almost never wrong to be 'too formal' in a professional context, but being 'too casual' can be a problem.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Formal Register
🎯

The 'Aja' Rule

If you want to sound more natural instantly, replace 'saja' with 'aja' in almost every sentence. It softens requests and sounds less demanding.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Informal Register
💡

Check Transitivity

Only use 'di-' with verbs that have an object. If you can't do it 'to' something, don't use 'di-'.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Standard Grammar
💡

Listen first

Listen to how locals speak before trying to use slang yourself.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Colloquial Grammar

重要な語彙 (6)

Saya I (formal) Aku I (informal) Membeli to buy (formal) Beli to buy (colloquial) Apakah is/are (formal) Gimana how (colloquial)

Real-World Preview

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Meeting a New Client

Review Summary

  • Subject + me-verb + Object
  • Subject + verb (no prefix) + Object

よくある間違い

Using formal prefixes in a casual sentence sounds robotic. Drop the 'me-' to sound natural.

Wrong: Aku akan membeli buku.
正解: Aku mau beli buku.

Mixing 'Saya' with colloquial 'beli' creates a register clash. Match formal pronouns with formal verbs.

Wrong: Saya mau beli itu.
正解: Saya ingin membeli itu.

Using 'Apakah' in casual conversation is unnecessary. Use intonation or context instead.

Wrong: Apakah kamu pergi?
正解: Kamu mau pergi?

Next Steps

You've mastered the registers! Keep practicing your tone in real conversations.

Listen to a casual podcast and note the dropped prefixes.

Continue to: Expressing Purpose and Reason

クイック練習 (10)

Correct the error in the sentence.

Find and fix the mistake:

Buku di baca oleh Budi.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Buku dibaca oleh Budi.
Prefix 'di-' must be attached.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Standard Grammar

Make this sentence informal by removing the prefix.

Find and fix the mistake:

Saya sedang membaca buku.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Aku lagi baca buku.
In informal register, 'sedang' becomes 'lagi' and 'membaca' becomes 'baca'.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Informal Register

Which verb is correct?

Gue ___ buku.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: ngambil
Nasalize for vowels.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Colloquial Grammar

Fill in the blank with the correct passive form.

Buku itu ___ (baca) oleh saya.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: dibaca
The passive form of 'baca' is 'dibaca'.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Standard Grammar

Identify the informal word in this sentence and replace it with the formal one.

Find and fix the mistake:

Saya nggak bisa datang besok.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: All of the above
While 'tidak' is the most critical change, 'dapat' and 'hadir' make it even more formal.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Formal Register

Choose the correct sentence.

Which sentence is correct?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Surat ditulis oleh saya.
The object comes first in passive voice.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Standard Grammar

Fill in the correct formal prefix for the verb 'baca' (to read).

Saya sedang ___ laporan itu.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: membaca
The 'me-' prefix is used for active verbs in formal Indonesian.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Formal Register

Change the formal word in brackets to its informal form.

Aku (sudah) ___ makan tadi.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: udah
'Udah' is the standard informal contraction of 'sudah'.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Informal Register

Change to colloquial.

Saya memakan nasi -> Gue ___ nasi.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: makan
Drop the prefix.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Colloquial Grammar

Choose the most appropriate formal pronoun for a job interview.

___ ingin melamar pekerjaan di sini.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Saya
'Saya' is the standard formal pronoun for 'I'.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Formal Register

Score: /10

よくある質問 (6)

Not always. In person, it's often more polite to use Bapak or Ibu followed by their name. Anda is more common in writing or when you don't know the person's gender/status at all.
It's risky. Even if you are close, many Indonesian workplaces maintain a level of formal distance. Stick to Saya unless they explicitly ask you to use Aku.
Not exactly. Slang refers to specific words (like 'bokek' for broke), while 'Bahasa Gaul' refers to the entire informal register, including grammar changes like prefix dropping.
Only if it's a personal email to a close friend. For work or official business, always use formal Indonesian.
It is a natural way to focus on the object and maintain topic continuity in formal writing.
No, only for transitive verbs (verbs that take an object).
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Expressing Purpose and Reason
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