B1 · 中級 チャプター 40

Idiomatic Expressions

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このチャプターのルール クイック練習

Chapter in 30 Seconds

Unlock the soul of Indonesian by mastering the colorful idioms that locals use every day.

  • Identify high-frequency Indonesian idioms used in daily conversation.
  • Interpret metaphorical meanings behind common descriptive phrases.
  • Apply cultural etiquette when using expressive language.
Speak like a local, think like a native.

学べること

Introduces common Indonesian idioms and metaphorical language. Covers cultural context in speech.

Learning Objectives

By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:

  1. 1
    By the end you will be able to: correctly identify and use at least 10 common Indonesian idioms in a conversation.

ヒントとコツ (4)

💡

The 'Hati' Rule

Whenever you see 'Hati' in an idiom, think about emotions or character. It's almost never about the physical organ.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Common Idioms
🎯

The 'Hati' Rule

When in doubt about an emotion, look for a phrase with 'hati'. It is the source of 70% of emotional metaphors in Indonesian.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Metaphorical Language
🎯

The 'Name' Trick

If you are unsure which title to use, use the person's name. 'Budi sudah makan?' is always safer than 'Kamu sudah makan?'
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Cultural Context
💡

Start with 'Hati'

Mastering idioms with 'hati' (heart) will give you the most 'bang for your buck' in daily Indonesian conversation.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Idiomatic Usage

重要な語彙 (5)

buah tangan souvenir/gift panjang tangan thieving/likes to steal kaki tangan accomplice/henchman darah daging blood relative/own flesh and blood rendah hati humble

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Review Summary

  • Idiom = Literal words + New meaning
  • Body parts + traits = Metaphor
  • Context = Audience + Tone
  • Idiom + Subject + Verb

よくある間違い

You don't need to explain the literal meaning if you use the idiom correctly. The idiom already covers the meaning.

Wrong: Dia suka mengambil barang, dia panjang tangan.
正解: Dia panjang tangan.

Idioms are fixed phrases. Adding 'dari' breaks the idiom.

Wrong: Saya membawa buah dari tangan saya.
正解: Saya membawa buah tangan.

The idiom is a compound noun, do not add conjunctions like 'dan' between them.

Wrong: Dia darah dan daging.
正解: Dia darah daging.

Next Steps

You have done an amazing job reaching the end of this level. Keep practicing, and you will be fluent in no time!

Listen to Indonesian podcasts for native idioms

Continue to: Advanced Morphology

クイック練習 (10)

You are talking to a 50-year-old male taxi driver. How do you address him?

___, berhenti di depan sini ya.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Bapak
An older male stranger should always be addressed as 'Bapak'.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Cultural Context

Fill in the polite word for 'please' used when offering something.

___ duduk, Pak.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Silakan
'Silakan' is used for invitations/offers, while 'Tolong' is for asking for help.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Cultural Context

Fill in the blank with the correct body part.

Jangan ___ kepala hanya karena kamu menang lomba.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: besar
'Besar kepala' (big head) means arrogant.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Metaphorical Language

Fill in the blank with the correct body part.

Kita harus tenang dan ber___ dingin.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: kepala
'Kepala dingin' (cool head) means to stay calm.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Idiomatic Usage

Choose the correct idiom for someone who is very humble.

Meskipun dia sangat kaya, dia tetap ___.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: rendah hati
Rendah hati means humble, which fits the context of being rich but modest.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Common Idioms

Choose the correct metaphor for 'Humble'.

Dia orang yang sangat ___, tidak pernah pamer kekayaannya.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Rendah hati
'Rendah hati' means low heart, which translates to humble.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Metaphorical Language

Find the error in the sentence.

Find and fix the mistake:

Pencuri itu angkat tangan saat polisi datang. (Meaning: The thief fled)

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: angkat tangan
To flee is angkat kaki. Angkat tangan means to surrender.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Common Idioms

Correct the rude sentence addressed to a teacher.

Find and fix the mistake:

Kamu sudah baca buku saya?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Bapak sudah baca buku saya?
Replacing 'Kamu' with 'Bapak' makes the sentence respectful.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Cultural Context

Choose the correct idiom for 'scapegoat'.

Dia selalu disalahkan, dia adalah ___.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: kambing hitam
'Kambing hitam' is the standard idiom for someone who is blamed for others' mistakes.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Idiomatic Usage

Fill in the blank with the correct body part.

Dia adalah ___ kanan direktur.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: tangan
Tangan kanan (right hand) means a trusted assistant.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Common Idioms

Score: /10

よくある質問 (6)

No, the word order in Indonesian idioms is fixed. Changing it makes it literal or nonsensical.
No, it's an idiom meaning to suffer emotionally because of someone else's behavior.
It's risky! Metaphors are usually fixed expressions. If you make one up, people might take you literally. Stick to the established ones first.
In Indonesian, 'Jantung' is the physical organ that pumps blood, while 'Hati' (literally liver) is the metaphorical seat of emotions.
Yes! In this context, Bapak means 'Sir' or 'Mr.' and is a sign of respect for any adult male.
It's not 'rude', but it's 'cold'. It's like calling someone 'Citizen' instead of their name. Use it in writing, but avoid it in conversation.
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Advanced Adverbial Phrases
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Advanced Morphology
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