C1 · 上級 チャプター 63

Emphasis and Focus

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このチャプターのルール クイック練習

学べること

Dislocation and cleft sentences (frasi scisse). Learn how to change word order to highlight specific information.

ヒントとコツ (3)

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The Clitic Rule

Always, always include the clitic pronoun. It is the most important part of the structure.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Left Dislocation (Dislocazione a sinistra)
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Use it for clarity

If you feel like your sentence is too long, break it up with right dislocation.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Right Dislocation (Dislocazione a destra)
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Agreement

Always check if the subject is plural. 'Sono loro che...' not 'È loro che...'.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Cleft Sentences (Frasi scisse)

クイック練習 (10)

Correct the sentence.

Find and fix the mistake:

Mangio, il panino.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Lo mangio, il panino.
Needs clitic and comma.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Right Dislocation (Dislocazione a destra)

Fix the error.

Find and fix the mistake:

A lui, parlo.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: A lui, gli parlo.
Indirect object pronoun 'gli'.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Left Dislocation (Dislocazione a sinistra)

Fill in the correct clitic.

___ mangio, la mela.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: La
La mela is feminine singular.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Right Dislocation (Dislocazione a destra)

Fill in the missing clitic pronoun.

La pizza, ___ mangio.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: la
Pizza is feminine singular, so we use 'la'.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Left Dislocation (Dislocazione a sinistra)

Complete the sentence.

___ io che ho parlato.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Sono
Agreement with 'io'.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Cleft Sentences (Frasi scisse)

Fix the sentence.

Find and fix the mistake:

È noi che abbiamo visto.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Siamo noi che abbiamo visto.
Agreement with 'noi'.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Cleft Sentences (Frasi scisse)

Choose the correct sentence.

Which is correct?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Lo vedo, Marco.
Needs clitic and correct order.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Right Dislocation (Dislocazione a destra)

Select the best fit.

Il progetto, ___ gestito io.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: l'ho
First person singular auxiliary.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Left Dislocation (Dislocazione a sinistra)

Choose the correct sentence.

Which is correct?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: La pizza, la mangio.
The clitic 'la' is required.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Left Dislocation (Dislocazione a sinistra)

Fix the error.

Find and fix the mistake:

I libri, leggo.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: I libri, li leggo.
Need the plural clitic 'li'.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Left Dislocation (Dislocazione a sinistra)

Score: /10

よくある質問 (6)

The clitic pronoun acts as a resumptive pronoun, connecting the fronted topic back to the verb.
Yes, both direct and indirect objects can be dislocated.
It is primarily used in spoken, informal, or neutral contexts. It is less common in formal writing.
Yes, it works with most transitive verbs.
Yes, but that creates a 'pseudocleft' sentence, which is a slightly different structure.
No, it changes based on tense and person, e.g., 'Era', 'Sarà', 'Sono'.
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Concessive Clauses
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