Agentive Passive
Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds
Use the passive voice with the agent marked by 'tarapynan' to show who performed the action.
- Add -yl/-il to the verb stem: 'Jazyl' (to be written).
- Use 'tarapynan' (by) to name the agent: 'Kitap jazushy tarapynan jazyldy'.
- The object becomes the subject of the sentence.
Meanings
The agentive passive is used to shift focus from the doer of an action to the recipient, while still explicitly identifying the agent.
Formal Attribution
Attributing creative works or official actions to an agent.
“Bul äni ärtis tarapynan oryndaldy.”
“Zañ prezident tarapynan bekitildi.”
Passive Suffixation Rules
| Verb Stem Ending | Suffix | Example |
|---|---|---|
| Vowel | -n | aşu -> aşylu |
| Consonant (l, r) | -in | al -> alyn |
| Consonant (others) | -yl/-il | jaz -> jazyl |
Reference Table
| Form | Structure | Example |
|---|---|---|
| Affirmative | Agent + tarapynan + Verb-passive | Ol tarapynan jasaldy |
| Negative | Agent + tarapynan + Verb-passive-neg | Ol tarapynan jasalmady |
| Question | Agent + tarapynan + Verb-passive + ma? | Ol tarapynan jasaldy ma? |
| Past | Agent + tarapynan + Verb-passive-past | Ol tarapynan jasaldy |
| Present | Agent + tarapynan + Verb-passive-pres | Ol tarapynan jasalady |
| Future | Agent + tarapynan + Verb-passive-fut | Ol tarapynan jasalatyn bolady |
フォーマル度スペクトル
Esep sarapshy tarapynan jazyldy. (Professional report)
Esepti sarapshy jazdy. (Professional report)
Sarapshy esepti jazyp tastady. (Professional report)
Sarapshy esepti bitirdi. (Professional report)
Agentive Passive Components
Agent
- Agent Doer
Connector
- tarapynan by
Verb
- -yl/-il passive suffix
Examples by Level
Esiik asyldy.
The door was opened.
Hat jazyldy.
The letter was written.
Tamaq isildi.
The food was eaten.
Üi salyndy.
The house was built.
Hat men tarapynan jazyldy.
The letter was written by me.
Üi qūrylysshylar tarapynan salyndy.
The house was built by builders.
Jol jürgizushi tarapynan tazalandy.
The road was cleaned by the driver.
Kitap oqushy tarapynan oqyldy.
The book was read by the student.
Bul joba komanda tarapynan jasalady.
This project will be done by the team.
Zañ parlament tarapynan qabyldandy.
The law was adopted by parliament.
Qūjat direktor tarapynan qol qoyyldy.
The document was signed by the director.
Sūraqtar sarapshy tarapynan talqylandy.
The questions were discussed by the expert.
Barlyq şaralar äkimdik tarapynan qatañ baqylanady.
All measures are strictly monitored by the mayor's office.
Bul şeşimdi qabyldau qūzyrly organdar tarapynan jüzege asyrylady.
The implementation of this decision is carried out by the competent authorities.
Zertteu ğalymdar tarapynan jürgizildi.
The research was conducted by scientists.
Qarjy ministrlik tarapynan bölinetini habarlandy.
It was announced that the funds would be allocated by the ministry.
Tarihi derekter zertteushiler tarapynan qayta qaraldy.
Historical data was reviewed by researchers.
Qoğamdyq pikir būqaralyq aqparat qūraldary tarapynan qalyptastyrylady.
Public opinion is shaped by mass media.
Bul ğimarattar säuletshi tarapynan jobalandy.
These buildings were designed by the architect.
Qūqyqtyq normalar sot tarapynan tüsindirildi.
Legal norms were interpreted by the court.
Tilşilik erekshelikter lingvister tarapynan jan-jaqty zertteldi.
Linguistic features were thoroughly researched by linguists.
Memlekettik strategiya sarapshylar tarapynan talqylanyp, bekitildi.
The state strategy was discussed and approved by experts.
Öner tuyndylary synşylar tarapynan joğary bağalandy.
The works of art were highly rated by critics.
Qūjattyq qorlar arhivşiler tarapynan jikteldi.
Documentary collections were classified by archivists.
Easily Confused
Learners often use 'tarapynan' when it's not needed.
Learners confuse 'being done' with 'making someone do'.
Learners use active voice when passive is required for formality.
よくある間違い
Men jazdym tarapynan
Hat men tarapynan jazyldy
Kitap jazyl
Kitap jazyldy
Kitap tarapynan jazyl
Kitap jazushy tarapynan jazyldy
Kitap jazylady men
Kitap men tarapynan jazylady
Ol tarapynan keldi
Ol keldi
Kitap jazylgan tarapynan
Kitap tarapynan jazylgan
Kitap jazylady menin
Kitap men tarapynan jazylady
Bul jasalady men
Bul men tarapynan jasalady
Zañ bekitildi parlament
Zañ parlament tarapynan bekitildi
Olar tarapynan aityldy
Ol tarapynan aityldy
Bul ğimarat jobalandy säuletshi
Bul ğimarat säuletshi tarapynan jobalandy
Qūjat qol qoyyldy direktor
Qūjat direktor tarapynan qol qoyyldy
Sarapshy tarapynan talqylandy sūraqtar
Sūraqtar sarapshy tarapynan talqylandy
Sentence Patterns
___ ___ tarapynan jasalady.
Bul ___ ___ tarapynan bekitildi.
___ ___ tarapynan oqyldy.
___ ___ tarapynan talqylandy.
Real World Usage
Joba komanda tarapynan jasalady.
Zañ parlament tarapynan qabyldandy.
Zertteu ğalymdar tarapynan jürgizildi.
Qūjat sot tarapynan bekitildi.
Şara äkimdik tarapynan ūiymdastyryldy.
Qūrylğy injener tarapynan ornatyldy.
Check Vowel Harmony
Don't Overuse
Use for Objectivity
Professional Tone
Smart Tips
Use the agentive passive to attribute actions clearly.
Use the agentive passive to specify authority.
Use the agentive passive to focus on the findings.
Use the agentive passive to confirm who signed.
発音
Vowel Harmony
Ensure the suffix matches the stem vowels.
Declarative
Kitap jazushy tarapynan jazyldy. (Falling tone)
Neutral statement of fact.
Memorize It
Mnemonic
Think of 'tarapynan' as a bridge. It connects the person doing the action to the action itself.
Visual Association
Imagine a painter (agent) painting a wall. The wall is the focus. The painter is standing to the side, connected to the wall by a rope labeled 'tarapynan'.
Rhyme
Passive is the goal, tarapynan plays the role.
Story
A chef makes a cake. The cake is the hero. The chef is the agent. We say: 'The cake was made by the chef'. In Kazakh: 'Tort aspaz tarapynan jasaldy'.
Word Web
チャレンジ
Write 3 sentences about your day using the agentive passive.
文化メモ
In Kazakh business culture, using the passive voice is seen as polite and objective.
Academic papers almost exclusively use the passive voice to maintain neutrality.
Legal documents use this to specify responsibility clearly.
The passive voice in Turkic languages evolved from reflexive constructions.
Conversation Starters
Bul joba kim tarapynan jasalady?
Zañ kim tarapynan qabyldandy?
Bul ğimarat kim tarapynan jobalandy?
Esep kim tarapynan jazyldy?
Journal Prompts
Test Yourself
Kitap jazushy tarapynan ___.
Which sentence is correct?
Find and fix the mistake:
Men tarapynan jazdym.
Sarapshy esepti jazdy.
Tarapynan can be used with active verbs.
A: Jobany kim jasady? B: Joba ___.
Zañ / parlament / tarapynan / qabyldandy
Match each item on the left with its pair on the right:
Score: /8
練習問題
8 exercisesKitap jazushy tarapynan ___.
Which sentence is correct?
Find and fix the mistake:
Men tarapynan jazdym.
Sarapshy esepti jazdy.
Tarapynan can be used with active verbs.
A: Jobany kim jasady? B: Joba ___.
Zañ / parlament / tarapynan / qabyldandy
Match: Jazu, Salu, Aytu
Score: /8
よくある質問 (8)
It's better to avoid it; it sounds too formal.
Use -n suffix.
Only if you want to name the agent.
Only transitive verbs.
For objectivity.
Yes, in formal contexts.
Add -ma/-me to the passive verb.
Yes, add 'ma' at the end.
In Other Languages
ser + participio + por
Spanish uses the auxiliary verb 'ser', while Kazakh uses a suffix.
être + participe passé + par
French uses an auxiliary verb, Kazakh uses a suffix.
werden + Partizip II + von
German uses 'werden' as an auxiliary.
ni yotte
Japanese uses a complex particle phrase.
min qibal
Arabic uses a prepositional phrase.
bei
Chinese uses a marker 'bei' before the agent.
