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하락하다

B2 verb #4,000 よく出る 7分で読める

하락하다

harakhada 上位4,000

練習する例文メモとヒント 하락하다 30秒で

解説 하락하다 in your Level:

At the A1 level, you don't really need to use '하락하다' yet. You will mostly use the word '내려가다' (to go down) or '떨어지다' (to fall). For example, you might say '사과 가격이 내려갔어요' (The apple price went down). '하락하다' is a much more difficult and formal word that you will see in newspapers or on the news. If you see this word, just remember it means 'to go down' but in a very serious way. It is like the difference between saying 'The price went down' and 'The market value decreased.' Even if you don't use it, knowing that it relates to prices and numbers will help you when you see it on signs or in simple news clips. Focus on learning how to say simple things first, but keep this word in the back of your mind for when you want to sound more professional later on. Think of it as a 'business' version of 'to fall.'

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At the A2 level, you are starting to learn more specific words for different situations. You might see '하락하다' when reading about the weather or simple economic news. For instance, '기온이 하락했습니다' means 'The temperature has fallen.' You should start to notice that this word is used with things that have numbers, like temperature (기온), price (가격), or scores (점수). You still don't have to use it in everyday conversation with your friends—'내려갔어요' or '떨어졌어요' is perfectly fine. However, if you are taking a test like TOPIK I, knowing this word will help you understand reading passages about changes in the environment or simple shopping trends. Just remember: '하락하다' is for charts and data, not for people falling down or leaves falling from trees. It is a 'data' word.

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At the B1 level, you should begin incorporating '하락하다' into your formal writing and presentations. If you are describing a trend, such as how the use of plastic has changed or how the price of oil has fluctuated, '하락하다' is the appropriate word to use. You should also be aware of its antonym, '상승하다' (to rise). At this stage, you should be able to form sentences like '기름 값이 하락해서 기뻐요' (I am happy because oil prices fell), although '하락해서' sounds a bit formal for a personal feeling. A better use would be in a class discussion: '최근 한국의 출산율이 하락하고 있습니다' (Recently, Korea's birth rate has been falling). You are moving beyond simple daily life and starting to talk about social issues, and '하락하다' is a key tool for that transition. You should also recognize the noun form '하락' (a fall/decline).

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At the B2 level, you are expected to use '하락하다' accurately in academic and professional contexts. This is a critical word for describing trends in graphs, which is a common task in the TOPIK II writing section and IELTS Academic Task 1 (if you were translating). You should use it with specific adverbs like '급격히' (sharply), '지속적으로' (continuously), or '완만하게' (gradually). For example, '환율의 급격한 하락은 수출업계에 큰 타격을 줄 수 있습니다' (A sharp fall in the exchange rate can deal a big blow to the export industry). You should also understand the nuance between '하락하다' and '감소하다'. While '하락하다' is for a drop in level or value, '감소하다' is for a drop in quantity. At this level, your ability to choose the formal '하락하다' over the informal '떨어지다' in a report is a sign of your linguistic maturity. You should be comfortable reading economic news and understanding exactly what kind of decline is being discussed.

At the C1 level, you should have a nuanced command of '하락하다' and its related technical terms. You understand that '하락하다' is not just about prices but can describe the decline of abstract concepts like '국가 경쟁력' (national competitiveness) or '삶의 질' (quality of life). You can use it in complex sentence structures, such as '물가 상승률이 둔화되었음에도 불구하고 실질 임금은 오히려 하락하는 기현상이 나타나고 있다' (Despite the slowdown in the inflation rate, a strange phenomenon where real wages are actually falling is appearing). You should also be familiar with even more specific terms like '하락세' (a downward trend) and '하락폭' (the range/extent of a fall). Your usage should be indistinguishable from a native speaker in a professional setting, and you should be able to debate economic or social policies using this word as a fundamental part of your vocabulary.

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At the C2 level, you use '하락하다' with total precision, often in highly specialized fields. You are aware of its connotations in different registers and can use it to create specific rhetorical effects. You might use it in literary analysis to describe the '하락' of a character's moral standing or in a high-level economic thesis to discuss '한계 효용 체감의 법칙' (the law of diminishing marginal utility) where values '하락' as consumption increases. You understand the historical Hanja roots and how they interact with other words in the '락' (fall) family, such as '몰락' (ruin/fall of a civilization) or '추락' (fall/crash). You can effortlessly switch between '하락하다' and its more poetic or archaic synonyms depending on the context. For a C2 learner, this word is no longer just a vocabulary item; it is a precise instrument used to dissect and describe the complexities of the world's downward movements.

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練習する例文メモとヒント

하락하다 30秒で

A formal verb meaning 'to fall' or 'to decline' in value, level, or numerical data.
Commonly used in economic news, weather reports, and academic research papers.
Must be used for abstract or numerical declines, never for physical objects falling.
Pairs well with adverbs like '급격히' (sharply) or '완만하게' (gradually).

The Korean verb 하락하다 (harakhada) is a formal and technical term that translates to 'to fall,' 'to drop,' or 'to decline.' While the everyday word '떨어지다' can be used for physical objects falling or prices dropping, 하락하다 is strictly reserved for abstract values, numerical data, and systematic trends. It is composed of the Hanja characters 下 (하 - down) and 落 (락 - fall). You will encounter this word most frequently in contexts involving the economy, stock markets, real estate prices, and scientific measurements like temperature or pressure. It conveys a sense of professional observation rather than a casual remark. For example, if a pen falls off a table, you would never say '펜이 하락했다'; however, if the stock price of a company drops by five percent, '주가가 하락했다' is the standard, precise expression. This distinction is crucial for learners aiming for upper-intermediate (B2) or advanced (C1/C2) proficiency, as using the correct register demonstrates a deep understanding of Korean linguistic nuances.

Economic Context: In financial news, this word is the bread and butter of reporters. It describes the weakening of the Korean Won against the Dollar or the decrease in consumer confidence. It suggests a measurable, often significant, downward movement in a chart or graph.
Environmental Context: Meteorologists use it to describe a sudden drop in temperature. When a cold front arrives, the mercury in the thermometer '하락합니다'. This usage highlights the word's association with quantifiable scales.
Social Context: It can also refer to a decline in social status, reputation, or quality. If a brand's image suffers due to a scandal, its '브랜드 가치' (brand value) might undergo a '하락'.

최근 물가 상승으로 인해 실질 소득이 하락하다. (Due to the recent rise in prices, real income has fallen.)

기온이 급격히 하락하면서 감기 환자가 늘고 있습니다. (As the temperature drops sharply, the number of cold patients is increasing.)

부동산 가격이 하락할 것으로 예상됩니다. (Real estate prices are expected to fall.)

수출 실적이 전년 대비 10% 하락했습니다. (Export performance has fallen by 10% compared to the previous year.)

지지율이 하락하는 원인을 분석해야 합니다. (We need to analyze the reason why the approval rating is falling.)

Using 하락하다 correctly requires an understanding of its grammatical constraints and common collocations. Because it describes a change in state or value, it is frequently used with adverbs that describe the speed or magnitude of the change. Common adverbs include '급격히' (sharply/suddenly), '완만하게' (gradually), '지속적으로' (continuously), and '소폭' (slightly). In a sentence, the subject is usually a noun representing a value, such as '가격' (price), '수치' (numerical value), '기온' (temperature), or '지수' (index). Unlike '내리다', which can be used transitively (e.g., 'to lower the price'), 하락하다 focuses solely on the movement itself. If you want to say 'The government lowered the price,' you would use '인하하다' or '내리다,' but if you want to say 'The price fell because of the government policy,' you use 하락하다.

Subject Marker Usage: Use '이/가' to indicate what is falling. Example: '주가가 하락했다' (Stock prices fell). Avoid using '을/를' with this verb.
Tense and Aspect: In reports, the past tense '하락했다' is used for completed trends, while '하락하고 있다' describes an ongoing decline. The future form '하락할 전망이다' is very common in economic forecasting.

환율이 하락하면서 수출 기업들이 어려움을 겪고 있습니다. (As the exchange rate falls, exporting companies are experiencing difficulties.)

금리가 하락할 가능성이 매우 높습니다. (There is a very high possibility that interest rates will fall.)

작년보다 매출이 5% 하락한 것으로 나타났습니다. (It appeared that sales fell by 5% compared to last year.)

You will most commonly encounter 하락하다 in formal media and professional environments. If you watch the 8 PM news on SBS, MBC, or KBS, you will hear it during the business and weather segments. In corporate meetings, managers use it to discuss performance metrics or market share. It is also a staple in academic papers, particularly those in the fields of economics, sociology, and environmental science. Interestingly, you won't hear this word much in a casual coffee shop conversation between friends unless they are specifically discussing their investment portfolios. Instead of saying 'My grades fell,' a student might say '성적이 떨어졌어' to a friend, but a teacher might write '성적이 하락함' on an official report. In literature, it is used to describe a more profound or metaphorical decline, such as the '하락' of a dynasty or the '하락' of moral standards in a society. Understanding this word's placement in the Korean sociolinguistic hierarchy helps you navigate between being 'just another learner' and 'a sophisticated speaker.'

The Newsroom: "오늘 코스피 지수가 외국인 매도세로 인해 큰 폭으로 하락했습니다." (Today, the KOSPI index fell significantly due to foreign selling.)
Weather Forecast: "내일 아침 기온이 영하권으로 하락하겠습니다." (Tomorrow morning's temperature will fall to sub-zero levels.)

시장의 불확실성으로 인해 투자 심리가 하락하고 있습니다. (Investor sentiment is falling due to market uncertainty.)

The most common mistake learners make is using 하락하다 for physical movement. Because the English word 'fall' covers both 'a leaf falling' and 'prices falling,' learners often over-generalize. However, in Korean, '하락하다' is strictly non-physical. Another frequent error is confusing '하락하다' (to fall) with '하락시키다' (to make something fall). While the former is intransitive, the latter is the causative form. Furthermore, learners sometimes confuse '하락' with '추락'. While both mean falling, '추락' (fall/crash) is much more violent and usually refers to a physical fall from a height (like a plane or a person) or a sudden, disastrous drop in status. Using '하락' when you mean '추락' can make a serious situation sound like a mere statistical adjustment. Finally, be careful not to use it with objects that don't have a numerical or value-based scale. You can't say your 'passion' (열정) '하락했다' unless you are treating it as a measurable metric in a very specific psychological study; normally, you would say '식다' (to cool down) or '줄어들다' (to decrease).

Mistake: Physical Fall: Incorrect: 빗방울이 하락한다 (Raindrops are falling). Correct: 빗방울이 떨어진다.
Mistake: Confusing with '감소하다': While similar, '감소하다' refers to a decrease in quantity or number (like the number of people), while '하락하다' refers to a decrease in level or value (like the price of a house).

인구 수가 하락하다 (X) -> 인구 수가 감소하다 (O). (Population count decreases.)

To become a fluent speaker, you must distinguish 하락하다 from its synonyms. The most common alternative is '떨어지다', which is the general, all-purpose word for 'to fall' or 'to drop'. It can be used in almost any context where '하락하다' is used, but it sounds much less formal. Another important word is '감소하다' (to decrease), which focuses on the quantity or volume of something. '저하되다' is used when talking about a decline in quality, function, or efficiency (e.g., '기능이 저하되다' - functions are deteriorating). For a very sharp and sudden drop, the word '폭락하다' (to plummet/crash) is used, often in the context of stock market crashes. On the flip side, the opposite of '하락하다' is '상승하다' (to rise/ascend), which follows the same formal and numerical patterns. Understanding these distinctions allows you to choose the word that provides the exact degree of formality and specificity required for your sentence.

하락하다 vs. 떨어지다: 하락하다 is for charts and values (Formal). 떨어지다 is for physical objects or casual value drops (Neutral/Informal).
하락하다 vs. 감소하다: 하락하다 is about the level or price going down. 감소하다 is about the count or amount getting smaller.
하락하다 vs. 폭락하다: 폭락하다 adds the nuance of '폭' (violence/explosion), meaning a catastrophic or extreme drop.

가격이 폭락하다 (Prices plummeted.) vs 가격이 하락하다 (Prices fell.)

How Formal Is It?

豆知識

The character 落 (락) is the same one used in '낙엽' (nak-yeop), which means 'fallen leaves'. Even though '하락하다' is formal, its root is very poetic.

発音ガイド

UK /ha.ɾak.ha.da/

US /hɑːrɑːkʰɑːdɑː/

The stress is generally even, but a slight emphasis on the first syllable '하' is common in clear speech.

韻が合う語

도착하다 (to arrive) 정착하다 (to settle) 부착하다 (to attach) 세탁하다 (to wash) 수락하다 (to accept) 몰락하다 (to fall/perish) 기탁하다 (to entrust) 합격하다 (to pass)

よくある間違い

Pronouncing '락' as 'lak' with a clear English 'L'. It should be a tapped 'R' sound.
Over-emphasizing the 'k' sound at the end of '락'. It should be a stop, not a burst of air.
Merging '하' and '락' too quickly, making it sound like '학'. Keep the syllables distinct.
Pronouncing 'ㅎ' in '하다' too strongly. In natural speech, it can become very light.
Confusing the pitch accent if the speaker has a Gyeongsang dialect background.

難易度

読解 4/5

Common in news and books, but requires Hanja knowledge for deep understanding.

ライティング 5/5

Essential for formal writing, but easy to confuse with '감소하다'.

スピーキング 3/5

Rarely used in casual speech; mostly for presentations or serious talks.

リスニング 4/5

Frequently heard on news broadcasts; key for comprehension.

次に学ぶべきこと

前提知識

내려가다 떨어지다 가격 기온 숫자

次に学ぶ

상승하다 폭락하다 폭등하다 유지하다 변동하다

上級

하회하다 급락하다 저하되다 수렴하다 반등하다

知っておくべき文法

-음/기 때문에 (Because of)

기온이 하락했기 때문에 춥습니다.

-을 것으로 예상되다 (Is expected to)

가격이 하락할 것으로 예상됩니다.

-(으)면서 (While/As)

환율이 하락하면서 수출이 줄었습니다.

-아/어지다 (Become)

하락하게 되었어요.

-기 시작하다 (Start to)

수치가 하락하기 시작했습니다.

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レベル別の例文

가격이 하락해요.

The price goes down.

Simple present tense with the polite ending -아요.

기온이 하락합니다.

The temperature goes down.

Formal present tense -습니다.

점수가 하락했어요.

The score fell.

Past tense -았어요.

수치가 하락해요.

The number (value) goes down.

Subject marker -가 is used with 수치.

비가 와서 기온이 하락해요.

It rains, so the temperature drops.

Reason connector -아서.

사과 가격이 하락했습니다.

The apple price has fallen.

Formal past tense -았습니다.

인기가 하락해요.

Popularity is falling.

Abstract noun '인기' as the subject.

값이 하락하고 있어요.

The value is falling.

Progressive form -고 있다.

기온이 급격히 하락했습니다.

The temperature dropped suddenly.

Adverb '급격히' (suddenly) modifies the verb.

주식 가격이 하락해서 걱정이에요.

I'm worried because the stock price fell.

Reason connector -아서 with the noun '걱정' (worry).

시험 점수가 하락하지 않게 공부하세요.

Study so that your test scores don't fall.

Negative form -지 않다 with the purpose connector -게.

겨울에는 기온이 많이 하락합니다.

In winter, the temperature drops a lot.

Adverb '많이' (a lot).

컴퓨터 가격이 하락할까요?

Will the computer price fall?

Future conjecture ending -을까요?

환율이 하락하면 여행을 갈 거예요.

If the exchange rate falls, I will go on a trip.

Condition connector -(으)면.

어제보다 기온이 하락했습니다.

The temperature has fallen compared to yesterday.

Comparison marker -보다 (than).

집값이 하락했다는 소식을 들었어요.

I heard the news that house prices have fallen.

Noun modifying clause -했다는 (that...).

수출이 줄어들면서 경제 성장률이 하락하고 있습니다.

As exports decrease, the economic growth rate is falling.

Background connector -(으)면서.

소비가 줄어들면 물가가 하락할 가능성이 있습니다.

If consumption decreases, there is a possibility that prices will fall.

Possibility expression -을 가능성이 있다.

작년과 비교해 볼 때 지지율이 크게 하락했습니다.

When compared to last year, the approval rating has fallen significantly.

Comparison expression -와/과 비교해 볼 때.

기온 하락으로 인해 농작물 피해가 예상됩니다.

Damage to crops is expected due to the fall in temperature.

Noun form '하락' followed by '으로 인해' (due to).

부동산 시장의 침체로 집값이 하락세로 돌아섰습니다.

Due to the stagnation of the real estate market, house prices turned to a downward trend.

Compound noun '하락세' (downward trend).

금리가 하락하면 대출 이자 부담이 줄어듭니다.

If interest rates fall, the burden of loan interest decreases.

Noun '부담' (burden) with the verb '줄어들다'.

제품의 질이 하락하면 고객들이 떠나갈 것입니다.

If the quality of the product declines, customers will leave.

Hypothetical condition -(으)면.

경쟁이 심해지면서 수익성이 하락하고 있습니다.

As competition intensifies, profitability is falling.

Abstract noun '수익성' (profitability).

원자재 가격의 하락은 제조 원가 절감으로 이어집니다.

The fall in raw material prices leads to a reduction in manufacturing costs.

Resultative expression -으로 이어지다 (lead to).

전문가들은 내년에도 주가가 지속적으로 하락할 것으로 전망합니다.

Experts forecast that stock prices will continue to fall next year.

Forecasting expression -을 것으로 전망하다.

신제품 출시 이후 기존 모델의 가치가 급격히 하락했습니다.

Since the release of the new product, the value of the existing model has fallen sharply.

Time expression -이후 (after).

정부의 규제 정책으로 인해 투기 수요가 하락했습니다.

Speculative demand has fallen due to the government's regulatory policies.

Causal expression -으로 인해 (due to).

노동 생산성이 하락하는 원인을 다각도로 분석해야 합니다.

We need to analyze the causes of falling labor productivity from various angles.

Adverbial '다각도로' (from various angles).

인구 감소는 국가의 잠재 성장률을 하락시키는 요인이 됩니다.

Population decline becomes a factor that lowers the country's potential growth rate.

Causative form -시키다 (to make something fall).

기업의 브랜드 이미지가 하락하면 회복하기가 쉽지 않습니다.

Once a company's brand image falls, it is not easy to recover.

Difficulty expression -기가 쉽지 않다.

수요와 공급의 법칙에 따라 공급이 늘면 가격은 하락하게 마련입니다.

According to the law of supply and demand, if supply increases, prices are bound to fall.

Inevitability expression -게 마련이다.

글로벌 경기 침체의 여파로 국제 유가가 하락세를 면치 못하고 있습니다.

In the aftermath of the global economic downturn, international oil prices are unable to escape a downward trend.

Idiomatic expression -을 면치 못하다 (cannot escape/avoid).

교육의 질적 하락을 막기 위한 근본적인 대책 마련이 시급합니다.

It is urgent to prepare fundamental measures to prevent the decline in the quality of education.

Adjective '질적' (qualitative) modifying '하락'.

기술 혁신은 제품의 가격 하락을 유도하여 소비자 후생을 증진시킵니다.

Technological innovation induces a fall in product prices, thereby enhancing consumer welfare.

Causative/Inductive expression -을 유도하다.

정치적 불안정은 외국인 투자자들의 신뢰도 하락으로 이어질 수 있습니다.

Political instability can lead to a decline in the confidence of foreign investors.

Abstract subject '신뢰도' (reliability/confidence).

고령화 사회로의 진입은 노동 가능 인구의 하락을 초래합니다.

Entering an aging society leads to a decline in the working-age population.

Resultative verb '초래하다' (to bring about/cause).

시장의 독점화는 서비스 경쟁력을 하락시키는 부작용을 낳을 수 있습니다.

Market monopolization can produce side effects that lower service competitiveness.

Metaphorical verb '낳다' (to give birth to/produce).

자산 가치의 하락에 대비하여 포트폴리오를 다변화해야 합니다.

You should diversify your portfolio to prepare for a fall in asset values.

Preparation expression -에 대비하여.

환경 규제 강화가 단기적으로는 기업의 수익성을 하락시킬 수 있다는 우려가 있습니다.

There are concerns that strengthening environmental regulations could lower corporate profitability in the short term.

Noun clause '있다는 우려' (concern that...).

화폐 가치의 지속적인 하락은 하이퍼인플레이션으로 치달을 위험이 농후합니다.

The continuous decline in currency value carries a strong risk of spiraling into hyperinflation.

Advanced adjective '농후하다' (thick/strong/heavy).

도덕적 해이는 조직의 기강을 해치고 업무 효율성을 하락시키는 근원입니다.

Moral hazard is the root cause of undermining organizational discipline and lowering work efficiency.

Sino-Korean term '도덕적 해이' (moral hazard).

한계 효용이 하락함에 따라 소비자는 추가 구매를 중단하게 됩니다.

As marginal utility declines, consumers eventually stop making additional purchases.

Logical connector -함에 따라 (in accordance with).

사회적 자본의 하락은 공동체 의식의 결여와 갈등의 심화를 야기합니다.

The decline of social capital causes a lack of community spirit and the intensification of conflict.

Formal verb '야기하다' (to cause/bring about).

기술적 분석에 따르면 주가가 지지선을 하회하여 추가 하락이 불가피해 보입니다.

According to technical analysis, the stock price has fallen below the support line, making further decline seem inevitable.

Technical term '하회하다' (to fall below) and '불가피하다' (inevitable).

권위주의적 통치는 창의성을 말살하고 국가의 문화적 역량을 하락시킵니다.

Authoritarian rule destroys creativity and lowers a nation's cultural capacity.

Strong verb '말살하다' (to annihilate/destroy).

유동성 과잉 공급은 결국 실물 자산 대비 화폐 가치의 하락을 초래할 수밖에 없습니다.

The oversupply of liquidity inevitably leads to a decline in currency value relative to real assets.

Inevitability expression -을 수밖에 없다.

지정학적 리스크의 증대는 안전 자산 선호 현상을 강화하며 위험 자산의 가치 하락을 촉발합니다.

The increase in geopolitical risks strengthens the preference for safe assets and triggers a decline in the value of risky assets.

Technical verb '촉발하다' (to trigger).

類義語

감소하다 떨어지다 내려가다 저하되다

反対語

상승하다 올라가다 증가하다

よく使う組み合わせ

가격이 하락하다

기온이 하락하다

주가가 하락하다

환율이 하락하다

지지율이 하락하다

점수가 하락하다

가치가 하락하다

급격히 하락하다

지속적으로 하락하다

소폭 하락하다

よく使うフレーズ

하락세를 보이다

— To show a downward trend. Used in reports to describe movement.

물가가 하락세를 보이고 있습니다.

하락폭이 크다

— The range of the fall is large. Used when something drops significantly.

이번 하락폭은 예상보다 컸습니다.

하락 곡선을 그리다

— To draw a downward curve. Used to describe a graph's appearance.

그래프가 가파른 하락 곡선을 그리고 있다.

하락으로 돌아서다

— To turn toward a decline. Used when a rising trend changes to a falling one.

상승하던 주가가 하락으로 돌아섰다.

하락을 면치 못하다

— To be unable to avoid a fall. Used when a decline is inevitable or persistent.

수익성이 하락을 면치 못하고 있다.

기온 하락

— Temperature drop. Often used as a noun phrase in weather alerts.

기온 하락에 주의하시기 바랍니다.

가격 하락 요인

— Factors causing a price drop. Used in economic analysis.

공급 과잉이 가격 하락 요인이 되었다.

하락 압력

— Downward pressure. Used when external factors are pushing a value down.

금리 인상이 환율 하락 압력으로 작용했다.

하락세가 뚜렷하다

— The downward trend is distinct/clear.

인구 감소의 하락세가 뚜렷해지고 있다.

하락을 유도하다

— To induce or lead to a fall.

정부는 집값 하락을 유도하기 위해 노력했다.

よく混同される語

하락하다 vs 추락하다

Used for physical crashing or a sudden, disastrous fall in status.

하락하다 vs 감소하다

Used for a decrease in quantity or number, not necessarily level or value.

하락하다 vs 저하되다

Used for a decline in quality or functional ability.

慣用句と表現

"바닥을 모르고 하락하다"

— To fall without knowing where the bottom is. Used for a seemingly endless decline.

가상화폐 가격이 바닥을 모르고 하락하고 있다.

Journalistic

"끝도 없이 하락하다"

— To fall endlessly.

기업의 신뢰도가 끝도 없이 하락했다.

Neutral

"수직 하락하다"

— To fall vertically. Used for an extremely fast and steep drop.

間違えやすい

하락하다 vs 하락 vs 감소

Both mean 'decrease'.

하락 is for level/value (price, temperature). 감소 is for quantity/number (population, amount).

가격이 하락하다 (O), 가격이 감소하다 (X).

하락하다 vs 하락 vs 추락

Both involve falling.

하락 is a statistical or gradual decline. 추락 is a physical crash (plane) or a sudden, shameful fall.

비행기가 추락하다 (O), 비행기가 하락하다 (X).

하락하다 vs 하락 vs 인하

Both relate to lower prices.

하락 is intransitive (prices fell by themselves). 인하 is transitive (someone lowered the price).

정부가 가격을 인하했다 (O), 정부가 가격을 하락했다 (X).

하락하다 vs 하락 vs 하강

Both mean moving down.

하락 is for values/levels. 하강 is for physical descent (an elevator or airplane going down).

기온이 하락하다 (O), 기온이 하강하다 (X - rare).

하락하다 vs 하락 vs 퇴보

Both mean getting worse.

하락 is numerical. 퇴보 is 'regression' in progress or development.

민주주의가 퇴보하다 (O), 민주주의가 하락하다 (X).

文型パターン

[Noun]이/가 하락했어요.

기온이 하락했어요.

[Noun]이/가 급격히 하락하고 있습니다.

주가가 급격히 하락하고 있습니다.

[Noun]의 하락은 [Result]을/를 초래합니다.

수출의 하락은 경제 위기를 초래합니다.

[Noun]이/가 하락세를 면치 못하고 있다.

지지율이 하락세를 면치 못하고 있다.

[Noun]의 하락에 따른 [Effect]이/가 우려된다.

자산 가치의 하락에 따른 소비 위축이 우려된다.

[Noun]이/가 하락할 것으로 보입니다.

물가가 하락할 것으로 보입니다.

전년 대비 [Percent] 하락했습니다.

작년 대비 5% 하락했습니다.

[Noun]이/가 하락해서 [Emotion/Situation].

점수가 하락해서 슬퍼요.

語族

名詞

하락 (fall/decline)

하락세 (downward trend)

하락폭 (extent of a fall)

하락률 (rate of decline)

動詞

하락시키다 (to lower/to cause to fall)

하락되다 (to be lowered/fallen - passive nuance)

使い方

frequency

Very frequent in news, business, and academic contexts.

よくある間違い

펜이 하락했어요. → 펜이 떨어졌어요.
'하락하다' cannot be used for physical objects falling. Use '떨어지다' for things like pens, leaves, or rain.
정부가 가격을 하락했어요. → 정부가 가격을 인하했어요.
'하락하다' is intransitive (the subject falls). If someone *makes* it fall, use '인하하다' (for prices) or '낮추다'.
인구수가 하락하고 있다. → 인구수가 감소하고 있다.
While '하락' is sometimes used, '감소' is much more natural for the 'number' or 'count' of people.
기온을 하락하다. → 기온이 하락하다.
You must use the subject marker '이/가' because '하락하다' does not take an object.
주가가 추락했다. (when it only fell 2%) → 주가가 하락했다.
'추락하다' is for a violent crash. If the drop is small or normal, '하락하다' is the correct term.

ヒント

Use Subject Markers

Always use '이/가' with '하락하다'. It's an intransitive verb. Example: '가격이 하락했다' (The price fell).

Pair with Adverbs

Learn it with '급격히' (sharply) and '완만하게' (gradually). These are essential for describing trends in writing.

Watch the News

Listen for '하락' in the business section of Korean news. It will help you understand the formal tone and speed of the word.

Not for Objects

Never use it for a falling phone or ball. Use '떨어지다' for physical objects. '하락하다' is for data.

Remember the Roots

하 (Down) + 락 (Fall). If you know these roots, you can guess the meaning of many other formal Korean words.

TOPIK Success

Use '하락하다' in TOPIK writing Task 53 to describe a decreasing line on a graph. It guarantees a better score than '내려가다'.

Use '상승하다' as Antonym

When describing a graph that goes up and then down, use '상승했다가 하락했다' for a professional contrast.

Listen for '하락세'

In reports, you'll often hear '하락세를 보이다'. This means 'to show a downward trend'. It's a very common set phrase.

Business Meetings

Use this word in presentations to talk about sales or costs. It makes you sound like an expert in your field.

Visual Graph

Imagine a blue arrow pointing down on a chart whenever you say this word. Associate the sound 'Rak' with the 'drop' of the line.

暗記しよう

記憶術

Think of a **HA**mmer **RAK**ing (hitting) a price tag down. **HA-RAK**.

視覚的連想

Visualize a blue line graph in a Korean news report dipping below a horizontal line. Blue = Down in Korea.

Word Web

Finance Temperature Stock Market Decline Formal Chart Numerical Blue Arrow

チャレンジ

Write three sentences about the economy using '하락하다' and share them with a language partner to check the formality.

語源

From the Hanja characters 下 (하) and 落 (락).

元の意味：下 means 'down' or 'below', and 落 means 'to fall' or 'to drop'. Together, they literally mean 'to fall down'.

Sino-Korean (Hanja-derived).

文化的な背景

Be careful when using '하락하다' regarding a person's status or reputation, as it can sound very cold and clinical.

English speakers often use 'drop' or 'fall' casually. In Korean, using '하락하다' in a casual setting might make you sound like a news anchor.

Economic news headlines regarding the 1997 IMF crisis frequently used '하락'. The song 'Blue' by Big Bang mentions falling, though it uses '떨어지다' for the emotional nuance. Academic papers on the 'Low Birth Rate' (저출산) almost always use '하락'.

実生活で練習する

実際の使用場面

Stock Market

주가가 하락하다
하락장
매도세로 인한 하락
하락 폭 확대

Weather Forecast

기온이 급격히 하락하다
영하권 하락
추위와 기온 하락
밤사이 하락

Real Estate

집값 하락
전세가 하락
하락세 전환
매매가 하락

Academic Reports

수치가 하락하다
하락 원인 분석
지속적인 하락
통계적 하락

Politics

지지율 하락
신뢰도 하락
권위 하락
영향력 하락

会話のきっかけ

"요즘 주식 시장이 계속 하락하고 있는데, 어떻게 생각하세요?"

"내일부터 기온이 크게 하락한다고 하니 옷을 따뜻하게 입으세요."

"부동산 가격이 하락하면 집을 살 계획이 있으신가요?"

"최근 그 브랜드의 이미지가 하락한 이유가 무엇일까요?"

"우리나라의 출산율이 하락하는 문제를 어떻게 해결해야 할까요?"

日記のテーマ

최근 당신의 삶에서 가치가 하락했다고 느끼는 것이 있나요? 그 이유는 무엇입니까?

물가가 하락한다면 가장 먼저 무엇을 사고 싶습니까?

자신의 성적이 하락했을 때 어떤 기분이 들었는지, 그리고 어떻게 극복했는지 써 보세요.

사회의 도덕성이 하락하고 있다는 의견에 대해 어떻게 생각하는지 서술하세요.

기온이 하락하는 겨울철에 당신이 가장 좋아하는 활동은 무엇입니까?

よくある質問

10 問

Yes, but it sounds very formal. In a casual conversation, you should say '성적이 떨어졌어'. Use '하락하다' if you are writing a formal reflection or looking at a statistical chart of your grades over three years.

Only metaphorically, regarding their status, reputation, or 'value' in a specific context (like a player's market value in sports). It is never used for a person physically falling down; for that, use '넘어지다' or '떨어지다'.

'하락' is the act of falling once or the general concept of a fall. '하락세' refers to a 'trend' or 'tendency' of falling over a period of time. You use '하락세' when the decline is consistent.

Since it is an intransitive verb, use the subject markers '이' or '가'. For example, '환율이 하락했다'. Do not use '을/를' unless you use the causative form '하락시키다'.

Not necessarily. If you are a consumer, '물가 하락' (falling prices) is generally a good thing. However, in economics, a general '하락' often signals a recession or deflation, which can be negative.

No. Rain falls physically. You must say '비가 오다' or '비가 내리다'. '하락하다' is only for abstract levels or values.

Yes, it is a very high-frequency word in TOPIK II (Intermediate/Advanced), especially in the writing section where you have to describe graphs (Question 53).

The most direct formal opposite is '상승하다' (to rise). You will often see these two words used together to describe market fluctuations.

You use the adverb '소폭' (small range). So, '소폭 하락하다' means to fall slightly. For a large drop, use '대폭' or '급격히'.

Rarely. Unless you are texting about your stocks or the weather in a very serious way, you would use '떨어지다' or '내려가다'. It's a 'news' and 'paper' word.

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