고유하다 30秒で
- Inherently unique or characteristic to a specific entity.
- Possesses intrinsic qualities not found elsewhere.
- Sets apart from others due to its exclusive nature.
- Often used for cultural heritage, personal traits, or natural phenomena.
- Core Meaning
- The Korean adjective '고유하다' (goyuhada) signifies uniqueness or inherent characteristic. It describes something that belongs exclusively to a particular person, thing, or group, something that is intrinsic and not shared or easily replicated. When something is described as '고유하다', it implies a special quality that sets it apart.
- Inherent Nature
- Think of it as the 'essence' of something. It's not something that is acquired or superficial, but rather a deep-seated trait. For example, a nation's unique cultural heritage is considered '고유하다' because it has developed over centuries and is specific to that country's history and people. Similarly, an artist's individual style can be described as '고유하다' if it is distinct and recognizable.
- Distinguishing From Others
- '고유하다' emphasizes what makes something different and special compared to others. It’s about possessing qualities that are not common or universal. This word is often used in contexts discussing identity, culture, nature, or any subject where distinctiveness is a key feature. It’s a powerful term to highlight the special and irreplaceable nature of something.
- Usage Contexts
- You'll frequently encounter '고유하다' when discussing:
- **Cultural Heritage:** The unique traditions, languages, and arts of a nation.
- **Natural Phenomena:** Distinctive geological formations or biological species.
- **Personal Traits:** Innate talents or characteristics that define an individual.
- **Artistic Styles:** The signature approach of a painter, musician, or writer.
- **Philosophical Concepts:** Ideas or principles that are specific to a particular school of thought.
한국의 전통 음악은 매우 고유한 매력을 가지고 있다.
이 동물의 털 색깔은 이곳에서만 고유하게 나타난다.
- Inherent Quality
- The term '고유하다' stresses an intrinsic quality, something that is part of the very nature of the subject. It's not an added feature but something fundamental.
- Cultural Significance
- In discussions about culture, '고유하다' is used to highlight traditions, customs, or artistic expressions that are specific to a particular group and have been preserved over time, distinguishing them from globalized trends.
- Scientific Context
- In science, it can describe a characteristic that is unique to a species or a specific environment, such as a plant with a unique adaptation to its habitat or a unique mineral found only in a certain geological formation.
- Basic Structure
- '고유하다' is an adjective. It typically modifies a noun or describes the subject of a sentence. When used to describe a noun directly, it usually comes before the noun in its attributive form, '고유한' (goyuhan). In a descriptive sentence, it functions as a predicate, often with the copula '이다' (ida) attached, forming '고유하다' or its conjugated forms like '고유합니다' (goyuhamnida) in formal speech or '고유해요' (goyuhaeyo) in polite speech.
- Attributive Form: 고유한 (goyuhan)
- Used before a noun to describe its unique quality.
그 지역의 고유한 문화유산을 보존해야 한다.
이 식물은 이곳에서만 고유한 생태적 특징을 보인다.
- Predicate Form: 고유하다 (goyuhada)
- Used at the end of a sentence to state that something is unique.
각 개인의 지문은 고유하다.
이 음악 장르는 매우 고유하며 다른 것과 구별된다.
- Conjugation Examples
- - **Present Polite:** 고유해요 (goyuuhaeyo)
- **Present Formal:** 고유합니다 (goyuhamnida)
- **Past Polite:** 고유했어요 (goyuuhaesseoyo)
- **Past Formal:** 고유했습니다 (goyuhaetsseumnida)
- **Attributive Past:** 고유했던 (goyuuhaetdeon) - Using with Particles
- The subject can be marked with topic particles like '은/는' (eun/neun) or subject particles like '이/가' (i/ga) when '고유하다' is used as a predicate. For example, '이것은 고유하다' (This is unique) or '이것이 고유하다' (This is unique).
- Cultural Discussions
- You'll hear '고유하다' frequently in documentaries, lectures, and articles discussing the unique cultural heritage of Korea or other nations. This includes topics like traditional music (국악 - gugak), traditional clothing (한복 - hanbok), traditional architecture, and unique regional dialects or customs. For instance, a discussion about the distinctiveness of Korean calligraphy would likely use this word.
- Nature and Science
- In nature programs or scientific journals, '고유하다' is used to describe species that are endemic to a particular region, like the Jeju Island black pig (제주 흑돼지), or unique geological formations. It helps differentiate species or phenomena from those found globally. For example, a scientist might say a particular enzyme has a unique function that is '고유하다' to its specific biological pathway.
- Arts and Literature
- When critics analyze art, literature, or music, they often use '고유하다' to describe an artist's distinctive style, a novel's unique narrative structure, or a composer's original musical language. It's a way to praise originality and individuality. For example, 'This author's writing style is uniquely characteristic of their previous works.'
- Personal and Philosophical Discussions
- In more personal or philosophical contexts, '고유하다' can refer to the unique essence or spirit of an individual. It can be used to express that everyone has something special about them that cannot be replicated. Conversations about individuality, self-worth, or the inherent nature of existence might employ this term. For instance, 'Every person possesses a unique inner beauty that is inherently theirs.'
- Marketing and Branding
- Businesses might use '고유하다' in marketing to emphasize the distinctiveness of their products or services. Phrases like 'our unique recipe' or 'a one-of-a-kind experience' translate well to using '고유하다' to highlight what sets them apart from competitors.
그 배우는 자신만의 고유한 연기 스타일을 가지고 있다.
이 화가는 매우 고유한 색채 감각을 지니고 있다.
- Confusing with '독특하다' (dokteukhada)
- A common mistake is to confuse '고유하다' with '독특하다' (dokteukhada), which also means unique but often implies something is unusual or peculiar, sometimes in a way that stands out significantly. While there's overlap, '고유하다' focuses on inherent, exclusive characteristics, whereas '독특하다' can emphasize being different or unconventional. For example, a dish might be '고유하다' (unique to its region) and also '독특하다' (unusual in its ingredients), but not all '독특한' things are '고유한'.
- Overusing for Simple Uniqueness
- '고유하다' implies a deep, inherent uniqueness. Using it for something that is merely different or has a minor distinction can be an overstatement. For instance, saying 'My coffee mug is unique' (내 커피잔이 고유하다) might be too strong unless the mug has a very special, inherent quality. For everyday differences, simpler terms might be more appropriate.
- Incorrect Conjugation or Form
- Learners might struggle with the correct form of the adjective. Using it without conjugation or applying the wrong conjugation can lead to grammatical errors. For example, saying '고유' instead of '고유하다' or '고유한' when needed is incorrect. Ensure you use the predicate form '고유하다' (or its polite/formal variations) or the attributive form '고유한' before a noun.
- Misplacing Emphasis
- '고유하다' emphasizes inherent, exclusive qualities. If you use it to describe something that is merely a personal preference or a temporary state, the meaning might be lost. For example, saying 'My favorite color is unique' (내가 좋아하는 색깔이 고유하다) is not accurate, as favorite colors are subjective and not inherently unique in the sense of '고유하다'.
- Literal Translation Issues
- Directly translating English phrases like 'This is a unique opportunity' might not always map perfectly to '고유하다'. While '고유한 기회' is grammatically correct, the nuance of 'unique' in English can sometimes be better expressed by other Korean words depending on the context (e.g., '특별한 기회' - special opportunity, or '흔치 않은 기회' - rare opportunity).
Incorrect: 이 음악은 독특하다. (This music is peculiar/unusual.)
Correct for inherent uniqueness: 이 음악은 매우 고유하다. (This music is very unique/inherent to its origin.)
- 독특하다 (dokteukhada)
- **Meaning:** Unique, distinctive, peculiar, unusual.
**Comparison:** '독특하다' often implies something that stands out because it's different or unconventional. It can sometimes carry a nuance of being odd or peculiar, whereas '고유하다' focuses more on inherent, exclusive qualities.
**Example:** '그녀의 패션 감각은 매우 독특하다.' (Her fashion sense is very unique/unusual.) vs. '그녀의 목소리는 매우 고유하다.' (Her voice is very unique/inherent to her.) - 특별하다 (teukbyeolhada)
- **Meaning:** Special, extraordinary.
**Comparison:** '특별하다' means something is not ordinary, it's set apart due to its importance, value, or special nature. It's less about inherent exclusivity and more about being noteworthy or exceptional.
**Example:** '오늘은 특별한 날이다.' (Today is a special day.) vs. '이 보석은 고유한 색을 가지고 있다.' (This gem has a unique color.) - 고유명사 (goyumyeongsa)
- **Meaning:** Proper noun.
**Comparison:** This is a related noun form. '고유하다' is the adjective meaning unique/inherent. '고유명사' refers to nouns that name specific, unique entities (e.g., 'Seoul', 'Samsung'). The root '고유' signifies uniqueness. - 유일하다 (yuilhada)
- **Meaning:** Sole, only one, singular.
**Comparison:** '유일하다' emphasizes that there is only one of something, implying absolute uniqueness. '고유하다' describes a characteristic that is unique, but there might be other things with their own unique characteristics.
**Example:** '그는 이 프로젝트의 유일한 책임자이다.' (He is the sole person responsible for this project.) vs. '각자만의 고유한 재능이 있다.' (Each person has their own unique talent.) - 비범하다 (bibeomhada)
- **Meaning:** Extraordinary, uncommon, exceptional.
**Comparison:** Similar to '특별하다', '비범하다' highlights something that is beyond the ordinary. It focuses on exceptional qualities that set someone or something apart.
**Example:** '그는 비범한 능력을 가진 사람이다.' (He is a person with extraordinary abilities.)
This word is like the 'essence' of uniqueness.
How Formal Is It?
豆知識
The concept of '固有' (goyu) is fundamental in various philosophical and legal contexts in East Asia, referring to inherent rights, properties, or characteristics that cannot be easily taken away or transferred. This linguistic root emphasizes the deep-seated and unchangeable nature of what is described as '고유하다'.
発音ガイド
- Pronouncing '유' as a single vowel sound instead of a diphthong.
- Not clearly separating the syllables, leading to a run-on sound.
- Incorrect vowel sounds for '고' or '하'.
難易度
At B1 CEFR level, reading comprehension of texts using '고유하다' becomes manageable. Learners can understand its meaning in contexts related to culture, nature, and personal descriptions. Texts might discuss unique traditions, endemic species, or individual talents, requiring an understanding of nuance beyond simple vocabulary.
At B1 level, learners can start using '고유하다' in their writing to describe unique aspects of topics they are familiar with. They can form basic sentences using the attributive '고유한' and the predicate '고유하다', though complex sentence structures or abstract contexts might still be challenging.
B1 learners can attempt to use '고유하다' in spoken conversations, especially when discussing personal experiences, cultural topics, or describing things they find special. Fluency might be limited, and they might sometimes opt for simpler synonyms if unsure of the exact nuance.
At B1 level, learners can generally understand '고유하다' when spoken in clear, standard Korean, particularly in contexts they are familiar with. They can pick up on its meaning when discussing culture, personal traits, or specific phenomena, but might miss subtle nuances in rapid speech or complex discussions.
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Adjective + -하다 conjugation
'고유하다' is formed by adding the verb-forming suffix '-하다' to the Sino-Korean root '고유' (unique).
Attributive form of adjectives
The adjective '고유하다' becomes '고유한' when it directly modifies a noun (e.g., '고유한 특징').
Topic and Subject Particles
When '고유하다' is used as a predicate, the subject can be marked with '은/는' (topic) or '이/가' (subject) particles (e.g., '이것은 고유하다' or '이것이 고유하다').
Conjugation for Tense and Politeness
'고유하다' conjugates like other Korean adjectives/verbs, e.g., '고유해요' (polite present), '고유했습니다' (formal past).
Use of '때문에' (because of) with unique characteristics
제주도의 고유한 기후 때문에 독특한 식물들이 자란다. (Unique plants grow because of Jeju Island's unique climate.)
レベル別の例文
이것은 특별해요.
This is special.
Focuses on 'special' rather than inherent uniqueness.
이것은 달라요.
This is different.
Simple comparison.
나만의 것이에요.
It's mine alone.
Expresses possession and exclusivity.
좋아요. 달라요.
It's good. It's different.
Simple descriptive sentence.
이것은 하나뿐이에요.
This is the only one.
Highlights singularity.
색깔이 달라요.
The color is different.
Basic observation of difference.
이것은 특별한 선물이에요.
This is a special gift.
Uses 'special' for a gift.
내 것이에요. 아무도 없어요.
It's mine. There's no one else's.
Emphasizes exclusivity through possession.
이 그림은 나만의 스타일이에요.
This painting has my own style.
Introduces 'style' as something personal.
이 음악은 정말 신기해요.
This music is really unique/신기하다 (신기하다 can mean amazing, novel, or unique in a fascinating way).
Uses '신기하다' to convey a sense of novelty.
이것은 흔하지 않아요.
This is not common.
Focuses on rarity.
한국의 음식은 독특해요.
Korean food is unique/distinctive.
Introduces '독특하다' for cultural context.
이 꽃은 이곳에서만 볼 수 있어요.
This flower can only be seen here.
Highlights geographical exclusivity.
그 사람의 웃음소리는 특별해요.
That person's laughter is special.
Describes a personal trait as special.
이 이야기는 다른 이야기와 달라요.
This story is different from other stories.
Simple comparison of narratives.
이것은 아주 특별한 경험이었어요.
This was a very special experience.
Uses 'special' for an experience.
한국의 전통 의상은 매우 고유한 아름다움을 지니고 있습니다.
Korean traditional clothing possesses a very unique beauty.
Uses '고유한' attributively to describe beauty.
이 동물의 털 무늬는 이 지역에서만 고유하게 나타납니다.
This animal's fur pattern appears uniquely only in this region.
Connects uniqueness to a specific location/environment.
각 개인의 지문은 고유하며 누구와도 겹치지 않습니다.
Each individual's fingerprint is unique and does not overlap with anyone else's.
Uses '고유하며' as a predicate, followed by a clarifying clause.
그 작가의 문체는 매우 고유해서 쉽게 구별할 수 있습니다.
That author's writing style is very unique, so it can be easily distinguished.
Describes a characteristic ('writing style') as unique.
이곳의 기후는 지구상에서 매우 고유한 조건을 가지고 있습니다.
The climate here has very unique conditions on Earth.
Applies '고유한' to natural phenomena.
자신만의 고유한 재능을 발견하는 것이 중요합니다.
It is important to discover your own unique talent.
Focuses on personal, inherent abilities.
이 오래된 건축 양식은 그 시대의 고유한 특징을 보여줍니다.
This old architectural style shows the unique characteristics of that era.
Describes historical characteristics as unique.
그의 음악은 민족 고유의 정서를 담고 있다.
His music contains the inherent emotions of the people/nation.
Connects uniqueness to collective emotions/identity.
제주도의 자연 환경은 섬이라는 지리적 특성 때문에 매우 고유한 생태계를 형성했습니다.
Jeju Island's natural environment has formed a very unique ecosystem due to its geographical characteristic of being an island.
Discusses unique ecosystems formed by geographical factors.
이 회사의 경영 철학은 경쟁사들과는 확연히 구별되는 고유한 강점을 가지고 있습니다.
This company's management philosophy has unique strengths that are clearly distinguishable from its competitors.
Applies '고유한' to business strategy and strengths.
각 문화권마다 고유한 세계관과 가치관이 존재하며, 이를 이해하는 것이 중요합니다.
Each cultural sphere has its own unique worldview and values, and it is important to understand them.
Discusses unique worldviews and values of different cultures.
그 화가는 자신만의 고유한 기법과 색감으로 독자적인 예술 세계를 구축했습니다.
That painter has built a unique artistic world with their own unique techniques and color palette.
Describes an artist's unique techniques and style.
인간의 의식은 물질적인 것과는 고유하게 구별되는 복잡한 현상입니다.
Human consciousness is a complex phenomenon uniquely distinguished from material things.
Discusses the unique nature of consciousness in a philosophical context.
이 지역에서 발견되는 특정 광물은 지구상 다른 곳에서는 찾아볼 수 없는 고유한 성질을 지니고 있습니다.
A specific mineral found in this region possesses unique properties not found elsewhere on Earth.
Applies '고유한' to scientific discoveries and properties.
역사적으로 볼 때, 각 문명은 그 시대의 고유한 사회적, 정치적 맥락 속에서 발전해 왔습니다.
Historically speaking, each civilization has developed within its own unique social and political context of its time.
Discusses historical development within unique contexts.
그의 연설은 청중에게 깊은 인상을 남기는 고유한 설득력을 가지고 있었습니다.
His speech had a unique persuasiveness that left a deep impression on the audience.
Describes a unique quality of rhetoric or influence.
인간의 언어는 다른 종의 의사소통 방식과는 근본적으로 고유한 특징을 가집니다.
Human language possesses fundamentally unique characteristics compared to the communication methods of other species.
Discusses the fundamental uniqueness of human language in a scientific/linguistic context.
이 고전 음악 작품은 작곡가 고유의 음악적 언어와 철학적 사유가 심오하게 융합된 걸작으로 평가받습니다.
This classical music piece is evaluated as a masterpiece where the composer's inherent musical language and philosophical thoughts are profoundly fused.
Analyzes a masterpiece, linking unique musical language to philosophical depth.
각 사회는 고유한 역사적 경험과 문화적 배경에 따라 독자적인 발전 경로를 겪게 됩니다.
Each society undergoes its own unique developmental path according to its inherent historical experiences and cultural background.
Discusses societal development within unique historical and cultural frameworks.
데이터 분석에서, 특정 패턴의 고유한 출현 빈도는 그 현상의 본질을 이해하는 데 중요한 단서를 제공합니다.
In data analysis, the unique frequency of appearance of a specific pattern provides important clues for understanding the essence of that phenomenon.
Applies '고유한' in a technical/analytical context for data patterns.
현대 예술은 전통적인 경계를 허물고 작가 고유의 내면세계를 탐구하는 방향으로 나아가고 있습니다.
Contemporary art is breaking down traditional boundaries and moving in a direction that explores the artist's inherent inner world.
Discusses artistic trends and the exploration of inner worlds.
이러한 고유한 특성들은 해당 생물종이 특정 환경에서 생존하고 번성하는 데 필수적입니다.
These unique characteristics are essential for that species to survive and thrive in a specific environment.
Links unique traits to survival and adaptation in specific environments.
문화적 동질화 현상 속에서도 각 민족은 자신만의 고유한 정체성을 지키기 위해 노력합니다.
Even amidst cultural homogenization, each nation strives to protect its own unique identity.
Discusses the preservation of unique identity against homogenization.
철학적으로, 인간의 자유 의지는 결정론적 사고와는 고유하게 구분되는 개념으로 간주됩니다.
Philosophically, human free will is considered a concept uniquely distinct from deterministic thought.
Explores philosophical distinctions, highlighting unique concepts.
이 텍스트의 문체는 작가 고유의 서사 구조와 언어적 기교가 복합적으로 작용하여 독특한 미학적 경험을 선사합니다.
The writing style of this text offers a unique aesthetic experience through the complex interplay of the author's inherent narrative structure and linguistic techniques.
Analyzes literary style, combining narrative structure and linguistic flair.
생성형 인공지능의 발전은 인간의 창의성과 고유한 인지 과정에 대한 근본적인 질문을 제기합니다.
The development of generative artificial intelligence raises fundamental questions about human creativity and inherent cognitive processes.
Discusses AI's impact on understanding human cognition and creativity.
각 경제 체제는 고유한 역사적, 사회적, 정치적 요인들의 상호작용에 의해 형성되며, 이는 그 경제의 구조적 특성을 결정짓습니다.
Each economic system is shaped by the interaction of its unique historical, social, and political factors, which determine the structural characteristics of that economy.
Analyzes economic systems based on unique interacting factors.
현대 과학의 방법론은 관찰과 실험을 통해 자연 현상의 고유한 법칙을 탐구하고 이해하려는 노력을 본질로 합니다.
The methodology of modern science essentially involves the effort to explore and understand the inherent laws of natural phenomena through observation and experimentation.
Defines the core of scientific methodology in understanding natural laws.
문화적 상대주의의 관점에서 볼 때, 모든 문화는 각자의 고유한 가치 체계를 가지며, 외부의 잣대로 평가되어서는 안 됩니다.
From the perspective of cultural relativism, every culture possesses its own unique value system and should not be judged by external standards.
Discusses cultural relativism and the inherent value systems of cultures.
이 철학적 사상은 고대 그리스의 형이상학적 탐구와는 고유하게 구별되는 독창성을 보여줍니다.
This philosophical thought exhibits a unique originality that is distinctly different from the metaphysical inquiries of ancient Greece.
Compares philosophical ideas, highlighting unique originality.
인류학적으로, 각 부족의 구전 문학은 그들의 고유한 세계관과 사회 구조를 반영하는 귀중한 자료입니다.
Anthropologically, the oral literature of each tribe is valuable material reflecting their inherent worldview and social structure.
Uses '고유한' to describe the reflection of worldviews in tribal oral literature.
언어의 진화 과정에서 나타나는 고유한 음운 변화는 해당 언어 집단의 역사적 궤적을 추적하는 데 중요한 지표가 됩니다.
The unique phonological changes that appear during the process of language evolution become important indicators for tracing the historical trajectory of the respective language group.
Connects unique linguistic changes to historical tracing.
よく使う組み合わせ
よく使うフレーズ
— To possess unique characteristics.
이 동식물은 고유한 특징을 가지고 있습니다.
— To be unique; to be inherent.
각 개인의 생각은 고유하다.
— To have a unique charm.
이 오래된 거리는 고유한 매력을 지니고 있다.
— Unique cultural heritage.
우리는 고유한 문화유산을 보존해야 합니다.
— Unique ideology or thought.
그 철학자는 고유한 사상을 펼쳤다.
— Unique color palette or hue.
그 화가는 고유한 색채 감각을 보여준다.
— In a unique way.
그는 고유한 방식으로 문제를 해결했다.
— Unique style.
그 디자이너는 고유한 스타일로 유명하다.
— To protect one's unique value.
기업은 고유한 가치를 지키는 것이 중요하다.
— Unique identity.
개인은 고유한 정체성을 형성해 나간다.
よく混同される語
'독특하다' often implies being unusual or peculiar, standing out in a noticeable way. '고유하다' focuses more on inherent, exclusive qualities that are intrinsic to the subject, not necessarily unusual.
'특별하다' means 'special' or 'extraordinary'. While something unique can be special, '고유하다' emphasizes the intrinsic and exclusive nature, whereas '특별하다' emphasizes importance or exceptionality.
This is an antonym, meaning 'general' or 'common'. '고유하다' is the opposite, referring to something specific and not general.
慣用句と表現
— There is nothing truly unique under the sun. (This is more of a philosophical statement that contrasts with the idea of absolute uniqueness, implying that even unique things might share underlying commonalities or have precedents.)
새로운 아이디어처럼 보이지만, 사실 하늘 아래 고유한 것은 없다고 말하는 사람도 있다.
Philosophical/Skeptical— To be proud of one's own country's unique things/heritage.
많은 사람들이 제 나라 고유의 것을 자랑스러워하며 문화를 지키려 노력한다.
Cultural/Nationalistic— To exude a unique aroma/scent. (Can be literal for plants/foods or figurative for a person's presence/aura.)
이 전통 시장은 고유한 향기를 풍기며 사람들을 끌어당긴다.
Figurative/Descriptive— To inherit a unique lineage or bloodline. (Implies a special or distinct family heritage.)
그는 명문가의 고유한 핏줄을 이었다는 자부심이 있다.
Figurative/Genealogical— To take on a unique color/hue. (Can be literal or figurative for a situation or atmosphere.)
그의 그림은 고유한 빛깔을 띠고 있어 보는 이의 마음을 사로잡는다.
Figurative/Artistic— To have a unique pedigree or history. (Often used for things with a long and distinct origin or development.)
이 오래된 가구는 고유한 족보를 가지고 있어 더욱 가치 있다.
Figurative/Historical— To trace a unique trajectory or path. (Can refer to the path of a celestial body, a career, or the development of an idea.)
그 과학자의 연구는 학계에 고유한 궤적을 그렸다.
Figurative/Abstract— To produce a unique taste. (Primarily for food and drink.)
이 레시피는 고유한 맛을 내는 비법을 담고 있다.
Culinary— To breathe one's unique spirit or essence into something. (Figurative, implying adding a personal, unique touch.)
예술가는 자신의 고유한 숨결을 작품에 불어넣는다.
Figurative/Artistic— To give a unique resonance or impact. (Figurative, for ideas, art, or experiences.)
그의 연설은 듣는 이들에게 고유한 울림을 주었다.
Figurative/Impactful間違えやすい
Both words translate to 'unique' and describe something that is different from the norm.
'고유하다' emphasizes an inherent, exclusive quality that belongs to a specific entity. It's about being intrinsically unique. '독특하다' often emphasizes being unusual, peculiar, or distinct in a way that stands out, sometimes implying oddity. For example, a traditional dish might be '고유하다' to a region, while a very strange-looking fruit might be '독특하다' because it's unusual.
이 지역의 전통 음식이 고유하다. (This region's traditional food is unique/inherent.) vs. 이 과일은 모양이 독특하다. (This fruit has an unusual/peculiar shape.)
Both words suggest something is not ordinary or common.
'고유하다' refers to an intrinsic, exclusive uniqueness. '특별하다' means 'special' or 'extraordinary', highlighting importance, value, or exceptionality. Something can be special without being inherently unique (e.g., a birthday is special), and something can be uniquely characteristic but not necessarily special in terms of value (e.g., a unique but unpleasant smell).
그녀는 고유한 재능을 가지고 있다. (She has a unique talent - inherent to her.) vs. 오늘은 특별한 날이다. (Today is a special day - important/memorable.)
Both words relate to uniqueness.
'유일하다' means 'sole', 'only one', emphasizing absolute singularity. There is only one of it. '고유하다' describes a characteristic that is unique or inherent, but it doesn't necessarily mean there's only one instance of it. For example, a person's fingerprint is '유일하다' (sole), but their voice might be '고유하다' (uniquely characteristic), even if other people have voices.
그는 이 프로젝트의 유일한 책임자이다. (He is the sole person responsible for this project.) vs. 각자의 목소리는 고유하다. (Each person's voice is unique/characteristic.)
This is an antonym, so understanding the difference is crucial for correct usage.
'평범하다' means 'ordinary', 'common', 'mundane'. It describes something that lacks any unique or special qualities and is typical. '고유하다' is its direct opposite, describing something that is intrinsically unique and distinct from the ordinary.
이것은 평범한 연필이다. (This is an ordinary pencil.) vs. 이것은 고유한 디자인의 연필이다. (This is a pencil with a unique design.)
Both relate to commonality, but from opposite perspectives.
'일반적이다' means 'general', 'common', 'typical'. It describes something that applies to most cases or is widely found. '고유하다' describes the opposite – something specific, inherent, and not general. A general rule is '일반적', while a specific exception with intrinsic qualities might be '고유하다'.
이것은 일반적인 현상이다. (This is a general phenomenon.) vs. 이 현상은 고유한 원인을 가지고 있다. (This phenomenon has a unique cause.)
文型パターン
Noun + 은/는 + 고유해요.
이 그림은 고유해요.
고유한 + Noun + 입니다.
이것은 고유한 문화입니다.
Noun + 은/는 + 고유한 + 특징을 가지다.
이 동물은 고유한 특징을 가집니다.
Noun + 은/는 + ... 때문에 + 고유하다.
지역적 특성 때문에 고유하다.
Noun + 은/는 + 고유한 + Noun + 으로/로 + 구별되다.
그것은 고유한 방식으로 구별된다.
Noun + 은/는 + Noun + 과/와 + 고유하게 + 구별되다.
이것은 저것과 고유하게 구별됩니다.
Noun + 의 + 고유한 + Noun + 을/를 + 보여주다.
그 작품은 고유한 감성을 보여줍니다.
Noun + 은/는 + Noun + 의 + 고유한 + Aspect + 와/과 + 복합적으로 + 작용하다.
그의 문체는 서사 구조와 언어적 기교가 복합적으로 작용합니다.
語族
名詞
形容詞
関連
使い方
Medium to High, especially in discussions about culture, nature, and individuality.
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Using '고유하다' when '독특하다' is more appropriate.
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Use '고유하다' for inherent, exclusive qualities; use '독특하다' for unusual or peculiar distinctiveness.
Learners often confuse these two words. '고유하다' is about intrinsic nature, while '독특하다' is about standing out due to being different or odd. For example, a traditional ceremony is '고유한', but a strange outfit might be '독특한'.
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Forgetting to conjugate '고유하다'.
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Conjugate '고유하다' based on tense, politeness, and sentence structure (e.g., '고유해요', '고유했습니다', '고유한').
Treating '고유하다' as an unchangeable word leads to grammatical errors. Like other Korean adjectives, it needs proper conjugation to fit the sentence.
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Using '고유하다' for simple differences.
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Reserve '고유하다' for descriptions of inherent, exclusive uniqueness, not just any difference.
'고유하다' implies a deeper level of uniqueness than just being different. Saying 'My pen is unique' might be an overstatement unless it has a truly special, inherent quality. Simpler terms are often better for minor differences.
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Confusing '고유하다' with '특별하다'.
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'고유하다' focuses on intrinsic uniqueness; '특별하다' focuses on importance or exceptionality.
'고유하다' describes what makes something fundamentally itself and exclusive. '특별하다' describes something that is set apart due to its significance or value. A holiday is '특별한' (special) but not necessarily '고유한' (inherently unique to its nature).
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Incorrectly using '고유한' before nouns.
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Ensure '고유한' is used correctly as an attributive adjective directly before the noun it modifies.
Placing '고유한' incorrectly or using the wrong form can make sentences awkward or grammatically incorrect. For example, '고유한 특징' is correct, but '특징 고유한' is not.
ヒント
Focus on Context
The nuance of '고유하다' is best understood through context. Pay attention to whether it's describing a cultural artifact, a natural phenomenon, a personal trait, or an abstract concept. This will help you differentiate it from similar words.
Attributive vs. Predicate
Remember to use '고유한' before a noun (attributive form) and '고유하다' (or its conjugated forms like '고유해요', '고유합니다') at the end of a sentence (predicate form).
Listen Actively
When listening to Korean media, actively try to identify instances of '고유하다'. Note who is speaking, what they are describing, and the overall tone. This passive learning can significantly improve your understanding and usage.
Compare with Synonyms
Regularly compare '고유하다' with words like '독특하다', '특별하다', and '유일하다'. Understanding their subtle differences will refine your vocabulary and prevent misuse.
Describe Your World
Try to describe unique aspects of your surroundings, your hobbies, or your culture using '고유하다'. This active application solidifies the word's meaning in your mind.
Visual Aids
Create flashcards with images that represent uniqueness for '고유하다' (e.g., a fingerprint, a rare flower, a distinctive landmark). Visual associations can be very powerful for retention.
Appreciate Korean Uniqueness
Learn about specific examples of Korean culture, history, or nature that are described as '고유한'. This cultural context will make the word more meaningful and easier to remember.
Use it in Conversation
When you have the opportunity, try to use '고유하다' in conversation. Even if it's a simple sentence, actively using the word helps build confidence and fluency.
Journaling
In your Korean journal, dedicate entries to describing things you find uniquely characteristic of yourself, your city, or your country using '고유하다'.
Understand the Roots
Knowing that '고유' comes from Hanja meaning 'firmly possessed' or 'inherently existing' helps reinforce the idea of intrinsic and exclusive uniqueness.
暗記しよう
記憶術
Think of 'GO YU' (like 'go you') as saying 'Go, you! You are unique!' This helps remember that '고유하다' means unique. Imagine a unique person telling another person 'Go, you!' because they are special.
視覚的連想
Picture a single, rare flower blooming in a vast, empty field. The flower is '고유하다' because it's the only one of its kind there. Or, imagine a fingerprint, which is entirely unique to an individual.
Word Web
チャレンジ
Try to describe three things you own or see daily using '고유하다' or '고유한'. For example, your favorite mug, a pet, or a specific piece of art. Focus on what makes it truly unique and not common.
語源
The word '고유하다' (goyuhada) is derived from the Sino-Korean word '固有' (goyu), which itself is composed of two Hanja characters. '固' (go) means 'firm', 'solid', or 'fixed', and '有' (yu) means 'to have' or 'to exist'. Together, '固有' signifies something that is 'firmly possessed' or 'inherently existing'. The Korean verb ending '-하다' is then attached to turn this noun concept into an adjective verb.
元の意味： Firmly possessed; inherently existing.
Sino-Korean (derived from Hanja)文化的な背景
When discussing cultural heritage or national identity, using '고유하다' can convey respect and appreciation for the distinctiveness of a culture. It's a positive term that highlights what makes a group or tradition special and worthy of preservation.
In English-speaking cultures, similar concepts are expressed by 'unique', 'distinctive', 'inherent', or 'characteristic'. However, '고유하다' often carries a slightly stronger emphasis on intrinsic quality and exclusivity, especially when discussing cultural heritage or personal essence.
実生活で練習する
実際の使用場面
Discussing cultural heritage and traditions.
- 우리나라의 고유한 문화
- 고유한 전통 의상
- 고유한 음악 장르
- 고유한 음식 문화
Describing unique natural phenomena or species.
- 고유한 동식물
- 고유한 지형
- 고유한 기후
- 고유한 생태계
Talking about personal traits, talents, or styles.
- 고유한 개성
- 고유한 재능
- 고유한 스타일
- 고유한 목소리
Analyzing art, literature, or music.
- 고유한 문체
- 고유한 기법
- 고유한 색채
- 고유한 감성
Business and marketing to highlight distinctiveness.
- 고유한 기술
- 고유한 브랜드 가치
- 고유한 제품 특징
- 고유한 서비스
会話のきっかけ
"What makes Korean culture so unique and special to you?"
"Can you think of any animals or plants that are unique to your country?"
"What is something about your personality that you feel is uniquely yours?"
"How do you think we can preserve the unique traditions of our ancestors?"
"What makes a piece of art truly unique in your opinion?"
日記のテーマ
Write about a place you visited that had a unique atmosphere and why.
Describe a skill or talent you possess that you believe is uniquely yours.
Reflect on a tradition from your childhood that felt unique and special.
Consider a piece of music or art that you find to have a unique emotional resonance.
Think about your own identity and what aspects you feel are inherently unique to you.
よくある質問
10 問While both can translate to 'unique', '고유하다' emphasizes inherent, intrinsic qualities that belong exclusively to a subject. It's about what makes something fundamentally itself and distinct. '독특하다' often highlights being unusual, peculiar, or distinct in a way that stands out, sometimes implying oddity or deviation from the norm. For example, a nation's traditional music is '고유하다' (inherently unique), while a bizarre fashion trend might be '독특하다' (unusual).
Yes, '고유하다' can be used to describe unique personal qualities, talents, or characteristics that are inherent to an individual. For instance, '그녀는 고유한 매력을 가지고 있다' (She has a unique charm) or '각 개인은 고유한 잠재력을 지닌다' (Each individual possesses unique potential).
'고유하다' is an adjective. You can use it as a predicate (e.g., '이것은 고유하다' - This is unique) or in its attributive form '고유한' before a noun (e.g., '고유한 특징' - unique characteristic). Remember to conjugate it according to tense and politeness level.
Generally, '고유하다' is a neutral or positive term, highlighting distinctiveness and inherent value. However, in certain contexts, a unique characteristic might not be desirable (e.g., a unique flaw). The term itself focuses on the fact of uniqueness, not necessarily its positive or negative attribute.
The noun form is '고유성' (goyuseong), which means 'uniqueness' or 'inherent quality'. For example, '이것의 고유성을 인정해야 한다' (We must acknowledge its uniqueness/inherent quality).
Absolutely. '고유하다' is frequently used for abstract concepts like ideas, philosophies, values, or even emotions, to describe their distinct and intrinsic nature. For example, '각 문화권마다 고유한 세계관이 있다' (Each cultural sphere has its own unique worldview).
'고유하다' emphasizes intrinsic, exclusive uniqueness. '특별하다' means 'special' or 'extraordinary', focusing on importance or exceptionality. Something can be special without being inherently unique (like a holiday), and something can be uniquely characteristic without being special (like a unique flaw).
While '고유한 기회' is grammatically correct, it might sound a bit too strong, implying an inherent, exclusive opportunity. More commonly, you might use '특별한 기회' (special opportunity) or '흔치 않은 기회' (rare opportunity) depending on the nuance you want to convey.
Yes, '고유하다' is commonly used in scientific contexts to describe unique properties, characteristics, or phenomena specific to a species, element, or environment. For example, '이 광물은 고유한 성질을 지닌다' (This mineral possesses unique properties).
Common phrases include '고유한 특징' (unique characteristic), '고유한 문화' (unique culture), '고유한 매력' (unique charm), and '고유한 스타일' (unique style).
自分をテスト 10 問
/ 10 correct
Perfect score!
Summary
Use '고유하다' to describe something that is inherently unique and specific to a particular person, thing, or group, emphasizing its exclusive and intrinsic qualities that cannot be found elsewhere.
- Inherently unique or characteristic to a specific entity.
- Possesses intrinsic qualities not found elsewhere.
- Sets apart from others due to its exclusive nature.
- Often used for cultural heritage, personal traits, or natural phenomena.
Focus on Context
The nuance of '고유하다' is best understood through context. Pay attention to whether it's describing a cultural artifact, a natural phenomenon, a personal trait, or an abstract concept. This will help you differentiate it from similar words.
Attributive vs. Predicate
Remember to use '고유한' before a noun (attributive form) and '고유하다' (or its conjugated forms like '고유해요', '고유합니다') at the end of a sentence (predicate form).
Listen Actively
When listening to Korean media, actively try to identify instances of '고유하다'. Note who is speaking, what they are describing, and the overall tone. This passive learning can significantly improve your understanding and usage.
Compare with Synonyms
Regularly compare '고유하다' with words like '독특하다', '특별하다', and '유일하다'. Understanding their subtle differences will refine your vocabulary and prevent misuse.
例文
각 나라는 고유한 문화와 전통을 가지고 있습니다.
