A2 · 初中級 チャプター 22

Modal Verbs of Ability

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Chapter in 30 Seconds

Master the art of expressing what you can do, know how to do, and are permitted to do in Lao.

  • Use 'dai' to talk about physical ability and permission.
  • Apply 'pen' to describe learned skills and talents.
  • Employ 'wai' to express endurance and physical capability.
Unlock your potential with Lao modal verbs.

学べること

Expressing capability and permission. Covers 'dai', 'pen', and 'wai'.

Learning Objectives

By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:

  1. 1
    By the end you will be able to: Describe your daily skills and ask for permission to enter spaces or try new things.

ヒントとコツ (4)

💡

Verb placement

Always keep the verb before 'dai'. Never separate them.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Ability 'Dai'
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The 'Learned' Test

Ask yourself: did I have to learn this? If yes, use 'pen'.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Skill 'Pen'
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Placement

Always put 'dai' after the verb. Think: Action first, then permission.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Permission 'Dai'
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Focus on Stamina

If you are tired, use wai.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Capability 'Wai'

重要な語彙 (5)

ເວົ້າ to speak ກິນ to eat ເຂົ້າ to enter ເຮັດ to do/make ລອຍນໍ້າ to swim

Real-World Preview

shopping-bag

At the Local Market

Review Summary

  • Verb + dai
  • Verb + pen
  • Verb + dai + bo
  • Verb + wai

よくある間違い

Use 'pen' for skills. 'Dai' here sounds like you are physically allowed to speak it.

Wrong: ຂ້ອຍເວົ້າພາສາລາວໄດ້ (I can speak Lao - implying physical ability rather than skill)
正解: ຂ້ອຍເວົ້າພາສາລາວເປັນ (I know how to speak Lao)

Eating is a natural function, not a learned skill, so use 'dai'.

Wrong: ຂ້ອຍກິນເປັນ (I can eat - implying you have the skill to eat)
正解: ຂ້ອຍກິນໄດ້ (I can eat - implying ability/permission)

'Wai' is only for physical endurance. If you can go because the path is open, use 'dai'.

Wrong: ຂ້ອຍໄປໄຫວ (I can go - with endurance)
正解: ຂ້ອຍໄປໄດ້ (I can go - with possibility)

Next Steps

You have done an excellent job mastering these modals. Keep practicing these in your daily conversations!

Describe three things you can do and one thing you cannot do yet.

Continue to: Continuous Actions

クイック練習 (10)

Fix the sentence.

Find and fix the mistake:

Khoy pai wai bo?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Khoy wai pai bo?
Question marker at end.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Capability 'Wai'

Fill in the blank.

ຂ້ອຍໄປ ___

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: dai
Dai is the modal for permission.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Permission 'Dai'

Choose the correct sentence.

Which is correct?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Khoy wai pai
Subject + wai + verb.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Capability 'Wai'

Fill in the blank.

ລາວ___ກີຕ້າເປັນ.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: a
Llin (play) is the correct verb for guitar.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Skill 'Pen'

Choose the correct sentence.

Which is correct?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: a
Subject + Pen + Verb.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Skill 'Pen'

Fix the sentence.

Find and fix the mistake:

Dai kin bo?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Kin dai bo?
Verb must come first.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Permission 'Dai'

Choose the correct sentence.

Which is correct?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Kin dai
Dai follows the verb.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Permission 'Dai'

Fill in the blank.

ຂ້ອຍກິນ ___ (can eat)

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: a
Dai is the ability marker.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Ability 'Dai'

Fill in the blank.

Khoy ___ pai.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: wai
Wai is the modal.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Capability 'Wai'

Fill in the blank with 'pen' or 'baw pen'.

ຂ້ອຍລອຍນ້ຳ___.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: a
Pen is for skill.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Skill 'Pen'

Score: /10

よくある質問 (6)

Mostly for ability and permission. Use 'pen' for skills.
Before 'dai'.
Pen is for learned skills, while 'dai' is for permission or physical ability.
No, only for skills you have learned.
No, use 'pen' for skills.
After the verb.
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Comparisons and Superlatives
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Continuous Actions
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