Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds
The 'Futuro do Pretérito' expresses hypothetical actions or polite requests by adding specific endings to the infinitive verb.
- Use it for hypothetical situations: 'Eu viajaria se tivesse dinheiro' (I would travel if I had money).
- Use it for polite requests: 'Você poderia me ajudar?' (Could you help me?).
- Formation: Take the full infinitive (amar, comer, partir) and add -ia, -ias, -ia, -íamos, -íeis, -iam.
Overview
Futuro do Pretérito（条件法）は、日本語の学習者にとって、表現の幅を劇的に広げる重要な文法項目です。英語の would に相当するこの形は、単なる「未来」ではなく、「もし～なら～だろう」という仮定や、丁寧な依頼、過去から見た未来の予測などを表します。日本語には「条件法」という独立した動詞活用は存在しません。日本語では「～だろう」「～するつもりだ」「～たらいいのに」といった助動詞や終助詞の組み合わせで表現しますが、ポルトガル語では動詞そのものの語尾変化（活用）によって、これらのニュアンスを表現します。Eu quero um café（コーヒーをください）とストレートに言うよりも、Eu gostaria de um café（コーヒーをいただきたいのですが）と言う方が、はるかに洗練された印象を与えます。日本語の「～したいのですが」という控えめな表現に近い感覚です。また、過去の回想で「彼は明日来ると言った（彼は明日来るだろうと言った）」という時制の一致を伴う表現にも必須です。日本語の「～するはずだった」という感覚と非常に親和性が高いので、この「過去の視点からの未来」という概念をぜひマスターしましょう。Futuro do Pretéritoは、言語学的に「合成時制」と呼ばれます。これは、ラテン語時代に「不定詞（動詞の原形）」＋「haver（持つ）の半過去形」が結合して生まれた形です。例えば、cantar（歌う）＋havia（持っていた）が融合してcantariaとなりました。日本語では「食べる」＋「だろう」のように、動詞＋助動詞という「分析的」な構造をとりますが、ポルトガル語は一つの単語の中に「動作」と「条件（would）」の意味が凝縮されています。Futuro do Pretérito一つで、「仮定」「丁寧な依頼」「過去の未来」という複数の機能を網羅できるため、実は日本語よりも経済的な表現とも言えます。infinitive）をそのまま使うというシンプルさにあります。-ar, -er, -ir の語尾を取り除く必要はありません。原形に以下の語尾を付け加えるだけです。falar (話す) | vender (売る) | partir (出発する) |Eu | -ia | falaria | venderia | partiria |Tu | -ias | falarias | venderias | partirias |Você/Ele/Ela | -ia | falaria | venderia | partiria |Nós | -íamos | falaríamos | venderíamos | partiríamos |Vós | -íeis | falaríeis | venderíeis | partiríeis |Vocês/Eles/Elas | -iam | falariam | venderiam | partiriam |dizer（言う）→ diria, fazer（する）→ faria, trazer（持ってくる）→ traria。これらはFuturo do Presente（単純未来）と同じ語幹を使います。日本語の「いっそ～する」「～することにする」といった複雑な動詞活用を覚える苦労に比べれば、非常に習得しやすいルールですね。- 1仮定法（条件文）: 「もし～なら、～するのに」。
Se節（接続法半過去）とセットで使います。例：Se eu tivesse dinheiro, eu viajaria.（もしお金があれば、旅行するのに）。日本語の「～たら～のに」と全く同じ構造です。 - 2丁寧な依頼・要望: 相手に何かを頼む際、直説法現在よりも柔らかく響きます。例：
Você poderia me ajudar?（手伝っていただけますか？）。日本語の「～していただけませんか？」という敬語表現に相当します。 - 3アドバイス:
deveria（～すべきだ）を使って助言します。例：Você deveria estudar mais.（もっと勉強すべきだよ）。日本語の「～したほうがいい」というニュアンスです。 - 4過去から見た未来: 過去の時点での未来の予定。例：
Ele disse que viria.（彼は来ると言った）。日本語の「～するはずだった」「～すると言っていた」に対応します。 - 5過去の推量: 過去の出来事に対する「～だっただろう」という推測。例：
Quem faria isso?（誰がそんなことをしただろうか？）。
- 1「もし」の節に条件法を使ってしまう: 日本語の「もし～するだろうなら」という不自然な言い回しが頭にあると、
Se eu falariaと言ってしまいがちです。Seの後は必ず接続法半過去（falasse）が必要です。 - 2丁寧表現での過剰な現在形: 日本語の「～したいです」をそのまま
Eu queroと訳し続けると、少し子供っぽく聞こえます。B2レベルなら、Eu gostariaを使いこなして大人の丁寧さを身につけましょう。 - 3不規則動詞の語幹忘れ:
fazeriaと原形から作ってしまうミス。これは日本語にない「語幹変化」という概念なので、faria（far-+ia）というセットで音読して体に叩き込むことが大切です。
Eu faria | ～するだろう（仮定） | 条件があれば実行する |Eu faria (polite) | ～していただけますか | 丁寧な依頼 |Eu fazia | ～していた（習慣） | 過去の繰り返しの事実 |Eu farei | ～するつもりだ（未来） | 実行の意志が強い |Eu queriaとEu gostariaはどう違いますか？Queria（半過去）は、すでに心の中にある願望を伝えるため、少しカジュアルで親しみやすい響きです。Gostaria（条件法）はより仮定のニュアンスが強く、フォーマルな場での依頼に適しています。Nósの活用でアクセント記号はなぜ必要ですか？falaríamosのiにアクセントがないと、発音がfalariamos（aにアクセント）となり、時制の区別が曖昧になるためです。必ずiを強調して発音してください。Se + 接続法半過去（もし～なら）、条件法（～するのに）」というリズムを、Se eu pudesse, eu iriaのような短いフレーズで暗記してしまいましょう。Conditional Conjugation (Infinitive + Ending)
| Pronoun | Falar (to speak) | Comer (to eat) | Partir (to leave) |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Eu
|
Falaria
|
Comeria
|
Partiria
|
|
Você/Ele/Ela
|
Falaria
|
Comeria
|
Partiria
|
|
Nós
|
Falaríamos
|
Comeríamos
|
Partiríamos
|
|
Vocês/Eles/Elas
|
Falariam
|
Comeriam
|
Partiriam
|
Meanings
The conditional tense is used to describe actions that are dependent on a condition or to make requests more polite.
Hypothetical
Actions that would happen under certain conditions.
“Eu compraria aquela casa.”
“Nós sairíamos mais cedo.”
Politeness
Softening requests or suggestions.
“Poderia me passar o sal?”
“Você gostaria de jantar?”
Future-in-the-past
Describing a future event from the perspective of the past.
“Ele disse que viria.”
“Eu sabia que daria certo.”
Reference Table
| 主語 | 規則動詞 (-ar/-er/-ir) | 不規則動詞の例 (Fazer) | 意味 |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Eu
|
falaria / comeria
|
faria
|
私は話すだろう / 食べるだろう / するだろう
|
|
Você/Ele/Ela
|
falaria / comeria
|
faria
|
あなたは / 彼は / 彼女は話すだろう
|
|
Nós
|
falaríamos / comeríamos
|
faríamos
|
私たちは話すだろう / 食べるだろう / するだろう
|
|
Vocês/Eles/Elas
|
falariam / comeriam
|
fariam
|
あなたたちは / 彼らは話すだろう
|
フォーマル度スペクトル
Eu gostaria de um café. (Ordering in a cafe)
Eu queria um café. (Ordering in a cafe)
Me vê um café, por favor. (Ordering in a cafe)
Manda um café aí. (Ordering in a cafe)
条件法（Futuro do Pretérito）の主な用途
丁寧な表現
- gostaria 〜したいのですが
- poderia 〜していただけますか
仮定・夢
- seria 〜だろうに
- viajaria 旅行するだろうに
フォーマル vs カジュアル (ブラジル)
条件法を使うべき？
「〜だろうに」という仮定の話ですか？
丁寧なお願いですか？
3つの不規則動詞
Dizer (言う)
- • diria
- • diríamos
- • diriam
Fazer (する)
- • faria
- • faríamos
- • fariam
Trazer (持ってくる)
- • traria
- • traríamos
- • trariam
レベル別の例文
Eu gostaria de água.
I would like water.
Você poderia ajudar?
Could you help?
Eu comeria pizza.
I would eat pizza.
Nós iríamos ao cinema.
We would go to the cinema.
Eu viajaria se tivesse dinheiro.
I would travel if I had money.
Você gostaria de sair?
Would you like to go out?
Ele disse que viria hoje.
He said he would come today.
Eu não faria isso.
I wouldn't do that.
Se eu fosse você, eu estudaria.
If I were you, I would study.
Eles prometeram que trariam o bolo.
They promised they would bring the cake.
Eu adoraria visitar Portugal.
I would love to visit Portugal.
Nós não saberíamos a resposta.
We wouldn't know the answer.
Poderia me informar o horário?
Could you inform me of the schedule?
Eu teria feito o trabalho se pudesse.
I would have done the work if I could.
Seria interessante analisar os dados.
It would be interesting to analyze the data.
Você aceitaria um convite formal?
Would you accept a formal invitation?
Caso houvesse tempo, nós o faríamos.
In case there were time, we would do it.
Daria para acreditar em tal história?
Would it be possible to believe such a story?
Eu jamais diria algo tão ofensivo.
I would never say something so offensive.
A situação exigiria medidas drásticas.
The situation would require drastic measures.
Quem diria que o resultado seria este?
Who would have thought the result would be this?
Se me tivessem avisado, eu teria vindo.
If they had warned me, I would have come.
Talvez fosse melhor que não o fizéssemos.
Perhaps it would be better if we didn't do it.
Nada justificaria tal comportamento.
Nothing would justify such behavior.
間違えやすい
Learners often use the future ('farei') for hypothetical situations.
Learners use the imperfect ('fazia') for hypothetical situations.
Learners put the conditional inside the 'if' clause.
よくある間違い
Eu vai comer
Eu comeria
Eu gostaria de comeria
Eu gostaria de comer
Eu comeria-ia
Eu comeria
Eu comia
Eu comeria
Eu faria se eu tenho dinheiro
Eu faria se eu tivesse dinheiro
Eu iria se eu poderia
Eu iria se eu pudesse
Ele disse que vai vir
Ele disse que viria
Se eu teria dinheiro, eu compraria
Se eu tivesse dinheiro, eu compraria
Eu diria que ele faria isso
Eu diria que ele faria isso
Nós faríamos o trabalho
Nós faríamos o trabalho
Eu teria ido se eu saberia
Eu teria ido se eu soubesse
Se ele viria, eu estaria feliz
Se ele viesse, eu estaria feliz
Eu faria isso se puderia
Eu faria isso se pudesse
Ele disse que faria o que ele quer
Ele disse que faria o que ele quisesse
文型パターン
Eu ___ (verb) se pudesse.
Você ___ (verb) me ajudar?
Se eu tivesse dinheiro, eu ___ (verb).
Ele disse que ___ (verb) hoje.
Real World Usage
Eu gostaria de uma mesa para dois.
Eu faria um bom trabalho nesta função.
Você iria à festa?
Poderia me indicar o caminho?
Quem diria que isso aconteceria!
Eu gostaria de adicionar um extra.
「原形キープ」の法則
Eu falaria com ela agora.
考えすぎに注意！
Eu iria para a festa.
ブラジル流の裏技
Eu ia com você amanhã.
Smart Tips
Use 'gostaria' instead of 'quero'.
Use the conditional to express uncertainty.
Use the conditional for future-in-the-past.
Use 'deveria' to sound less bossy.
発音
The -ia ending
The 'ia' is pronounced as two syllables: i-a.
Rising for questions
Você faria? ↗
Indicates a polite question.
暗記しよう
記憶術
Remember 'IA' — the sound of 'I-A' (like 'I am' but softer) is the key to the conditional.
視覚的連想
Imagine a 'Conditional Cloud' floating above your head. Inside the cloud are all the things you 'would' do if you were on a beach.
Rhyme
For the conditional, don't be shy, just add -ia to the infinitive, my!
Story
Yesterday, I dreamt I lived in Paris. I would eat croissants every day. I would walk by the Seine. I would speak French perfectly.
Word Web
チャレンジ
Write 5 sentences about what you would do if you were a millionaire.
文化メモ
Brazilians often use the imperfect indicative ('ia') instead of the conditional in very informal speech.
European Portuguese speakers are more likely to use the formal conditional in daily life.
Using the conditional is mandatory for good service.
The conditional tense in Romance languages evolved from the infinitive + the imperfect of 'habere' (to have).
会話のきっかけ
O que você faria se ganhasse na loteria?
Você gostaria de viajar para onde?
Poderia me dizer que horas são?
Se você pudesse mudar algo, o que mudaria?
日記のテーマ
よくある間違い
Test Yourself
Eu ___ de pedir uma pizza. (gostar)
正しい文章を選んでください：
Find and fix the mistake:
Ela disse que comerá o doce mais tarde. (彼女はあとでお菓子を食べると言った)
Score: /3
練習問題
8 exercisesEu ___ (falar) com ele.
Which sentence is correct?
Find and fix the mistake:
Eu faria isso se eu posso.
gostaria / eu / café / um / de
Nós ___ (comer) pizza.
Match: Falar, Comer, Partir
Build a polite request.
The conditional is used for past habits.
Score: /8
Practice Bank
10 exercisesNós ___ para o Japão se pudéssemos.
I would tell you.
praia / Eu / à / iria
Eles trazeriam os presentes.
正しい組み合わせを選んでください：
より丁寧な表現を選んでください：
Você ___ me ajudar com o dever?
We would do it.
Ele ___ um ótimo professor.
正しい文章を選んでください：
Score: /10
よくある質問 (8)
No, use the future indicative for facts. The conditional is for hypothetical events.
Because it describes a future action from the perspective of the past.
No, only three: dizer, fazer, and trazer.
Only in the result clause, never in the 'if' clause itself.
Yes, it is very common in formal reports and academic writing.
Just add 'não' before the verb.
The conjugation is the same, but usage in speech varies.
No, it is one of the most regular tenses in Portuguese.
Scaffolded Practice
1
2
3
4
Mastery Progress
Needs Practice
Improving
Strong
Mastered
In Other Languages
Condicional
The endings are slightly different (e.g., -íamos vs -íamos).
Conditionnel
French uses different endings (-ais, -ais, -ait, -ions, -iez, -aient).
Konjunktiv II
German is analytical (two words), while Portuguese is synthetic (one word).
Conditional form (-tara)
Japanese does not conjugate for person/number.
Conditional particles
Arabic relies on particles rather than verb conjugation.
Conditional markers
Chinese has no verb conjugation at all.
Learning Path
Prerequisites
Learn These First
関連動画
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