B2 · 中上級 チャプター 20

Hypotheticals and Polite Requests

6 トータルルール
60 例文
7 分
このチャプターのルール クイック練習

Chapter in 30 Seconds

Master the art of nuance by using the conditional tense to express polite requests and hypothetical scenarios.

  • Conjugate the 'Big Three' irregular verbs in the conditional.
  • Construct complex 'would' sentences for social grace.
  • Apply the conditional to speculate about past events.
Speak with grace: Master the Portuguese conditional.

学べること

Ready to elevate your Portuguese and sound truly authentic? This chapter is your key to unlocking sophisticated and nuanced conversations, just like a native speaker! Here, you'll dive deep into the Conditional tense (Futuro do Pretérito) to express everything from polite desires and hypothetical scenarios to educated guesses about the past. We'll start by mastering the Big Three irregular verbs—dizer, fazer, and trazer—which transform into dir-, far-, and trar- before taking their endings. Then, you'll discover how effortlessly you can form the would tense in Portuguese by adding simple -ia endings to verb infinitives. Imagine yourself in a crucial situation, perhaps delicately negotiating a business deal or making a very polite request to a waiter in a chic restaurant. These skills will empower you to express yourself with grace and avoid sounding overly direct. Or, think about those times you want to speculate about past events, expressing doubt or suggesting possibilities—like saying,

He must have been there
or
She would have known.
This chapter gives you the tools to do just that. We’ll build your foundation with the irregular Big Three, then move to the general pattern of conditional formation for all other verbs. Finally, you’ll learn to leverage this versatile tense for expressing probabilities and conjectures about past situations. By the end of this chapter, you’ll confidently construct complex conditional sentences, make impeccable polite requests, and discuss past events with subtle nuance. Your conversations will gain depth and professionalism, making you feel truly at home in Portuguese. No hypothetical situation or polite inquiry will be beyond your expressive reach!

Learning Objectives

By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:

  1. 1
    By the end you will be able to: Use 'faria', 'diria', and 'traria' to make refined requests in restaurant or business settings.

チャプターガイド

Overview

Ready to truly elevate your Portuguese and sound just like a native speaker? This chapter is your essential guide to unlocking sophisticated and nuanced conversations. We’re diving deep into the Conditional tense, known in Portuguese as the Futuro do Pretérito, a versatile tool that allows you to express everything from polite desires and hypothetical scenarios to educated guesses about the past.
Mastering this tense is a crucial step for B2 Portuguese grammar learners aiming for fluency and authenticity.
Imagine yourself in a situation where you need to make a delicate request, negotiate a business deal, or simply express a wish without sounding overly direct. The Conditional tense empowers you to do just that, adding grace and professionalism to your speech. You'll learn how to form the would tense in Portuguese, starting with the Big Three irregular verbs—dizer (to say), fazer (to do/make), and trazer (to bring)—which transform into dir-, far-, and trar- before taking their endings.
Beyond politeness, this tense is invaluable for speculating about past events. Ever wanted to say,
He must have been there
or
She would have known
in Portuguese? This chapter provides the tools to express doubt, suggest possibilities, and make conjectures about past situations with subtle nuance.
By the end, you'll confidently construct complex conditional sentences, make impeccable polite requests, and discuss past events like a seasoned Portuguese speaker. This is a game-changer for your Portuguese grammar B2 journey!

How This Grammar Works

At the heart of this chapter is the Futuro do Pretérito, or the Conditional tense, which primarily translates to would in English. We'll start by mastering the Big Three irregular verbs, which are crucial for the "Future & Conditional Stems: I will/would do (dir, far, trar)" rule. These verbs have unique stems:
* Dizer (to say) becomes dir-
* Fazer (to do/make) becomes far-
* Trazer (to bring) becomes trar-
These stems then take the standard conditional endings. For example, fazer (to do/make) conjugates as:
* Eu faria (I would do/make)
* Tu farias (You would do/make)
* Ele/Ela/Você faria (He/She/You would do/make)
* Nós faríamos (We would do/make)
* Vós faríeis (You all would do/make - mostly European Portuguese)
* Eles/Elas/Vocês fariam (They/You all would do/make)
This covers the "Short & Sweet: Irregular Conditional Stems
rule. For all other regular verbs, forming the Conditional is incredibly straightforward, aligning with the
Portuguese Conditional Tense: Saying 'Would' (Futuro do Pretérito) and Portuguese Conditional: Expressing 'Would' (Eu faria)
rules. You simply take the infinitive form of the verb and add the same
-ia" endings.
For example, with falar (to speak):
* Eu falaria (I would speak)
* Tu falarias (You would speak)
* Ele/Ela/Você falaria (He/She/You would speak)
* Nós falaríamos (We would speak)
* Vós falaríeis (You all would speak)
* Eles/Elas/Vocês falariam (They/You all would speak)
This pattern applies to all regular -ar, -er, and -ir verbs. This elegant simplicity makes the "Portuguese Conditional: The 'Would' Tense (Futuro do Pretérito)
surprisingly easy to grasp. Finally, this tense is also used for
Guessing the Past: Using the Conditional for Probability." For instance, Ele estaria em casa (He would probably be at home / He must have been at home).
This allows you to express conjectures about past events, adding a layer of sophisticated nuance to your conversations.

Common Mistakes

  1. 1✗ Wrong:
    Você vai me ajudar com isso?
    (Are you going to help me with this?)
✓ Correct:
Você me ajudaria com isso?
(Would you help me with this?)
*Explanation:* While the first sentence is grammatically correct, using the simple future (vai ajudar) can sound too direct or demanding when making a request. The Conditional tense (ajudaria) is much more polite and appropriate for asking for favors or making suggestions in Portuguese.
  1. 1✗ Wrong:
    Eu fazeria o jantar se tivesse tempo.
    (I would make dinner if I had time.)
✓ Correct:
Eu faria o jantar se tivesse tempo.
(I would make dinner if I had time.)
*Explanation:* This common error involves regularizing the irregular verb fazer. Remember the "Short & Sweet: Irregular Conditional Stems" rule: fazer becomes far-, not fazer-. The same applies to dizer (diria, not dizeria) and trazer (traria, not trazeria).
  1. 1✗ Wrong:
    Ele provavelmente estava lá.
    (He probably was there.)
✓ Correct: Ele estaria lá. (He must have been there / He would have been there.)
*Explanation:* While provavelmente estava is understandable, using the Conditional tense (estaria) for
Guessing the Past: Using the Conditional for Probability
is a more natural and idiomatic way to express conjecture or an educated guess about a past event in Portuguese. It implies a higher degree of speculation or a milder assertion.

Real Conversations

A

A

Você poderia me dar uma informação? (Could you give me some information?)
B

B

Claro! O que você gostaria de saber? (Of course! What would you like to know?)
A

A

Se eu tivesse mais dinheiro, viajaria o mundo todo. (If I had more money, I would travel the whole world.)
B

B

Eu também faria o mesmo! (I would do the same too!)
A

A

Onde estaria ele ontem à noite? Não o vi em lugar nenhum. (Where would he have been last night? I didn't see him anywhere.)
B

B

Ele talvez estaria em casa, cansado do trabalho. (He might have been home, tired from work.)

Quick FAQ

Q

What is the difference between the Conditional and the Simple Future in Portuguese?

The Simple Future (futuro do presente) describes actions that *will* definitely happen (e.g., Eu farei - I will do). The Conditional (futuro do pretérito) expresses actions that *would* happen under certain conditions, polite requests, or conjectures about the past (e.g., Eu faria - I would do).

Q

Are there many irregular verbs in the Portuguese Conditional besides dizer, fazer, and trazer?

No, thankfully! These Big Three are the most common and important irregular verbs for the Conditional tense in Portuguese. Most other verbs follow the regular pattern of adding the -ia endings to their infinitive form.

Q

Can I use the Conditional to talk about things I *used to* do?

No, the Conditional tense is not typically used for past habits. For actions you *used to* do, you should use the Imperfect tense (pretérito imperfeito), such as Eu falava (I used to speak). The Conditional expresses would in hypothetical or polite contexts.

Q

How does the Conditional help with sounding more polite in Portuguese?

Using the Conditional tense softens requests and suggestions, making them less direct and more respectful. For example, instead of Quero um café (I want a coffee),

Gostaria de um café
(I would like a coffee) is much politer and more common in formal or service interactions.

Cultural Context

In Portuguese-speaking cultures, particularly in more formal settings or when interacting with strangers, politeness is highly valued. The Conditional tense is your go-to tool for demonstrating this respect. Using forms like gostaria (I would like) or poderia (you could/would be able to) in polite requests is not just good grammar; it's a social expectation.
It subtly conveys deference and consideration, making your interactions smoother and more positive. Mastering this aspect of Portuguese grammar will significantly enhance your ability to communicate effectively and appropriately in various social situations, from a chic restaurant to a professional meeting.

重要な例文 (8)

1

Eu gostaria de um café, por favor.

コーヒーを一杯いただきたいのですが。

ポルトガル語の条件法：「〜だろう」の言い方 (Futuro do Pretérito)
2

Se eu tivesse dinheiro, viajaria pelo mundo.

もしお金があったら、世界中を旅するのに。

ポルトガル語の条件法：「〜だろう」の言い方 (Futuro do Pretérito)
3

Eu comeria uma pizza inteira agora.

今ならピザを丸ごと一枚食べられるのになあ。

ポルトガル語の条件法：「〜だろう」（Eu faria）
4

Você poderia me passar o sal?

お塩を取っていただけますか？

ポルトガル語の条件法：「〜だろう」（Eu faria）
5

Eu gostaria de um café, por favor.

コーヒーを一杯いただけますか？

ポルトガル語の条件法：「〜だろう」の時制 (Futuro do Pretérito)
6

Se eu fosse você, eu não faria isso.

もし私があなたなら、そんなことはしないでしょう。

ポルトガル語の条件法：「〜だろう」の時制 (Futuro do Pretérito)
7

Onde ela estaria àquela hora da noite?

彼女はあの夜の時間、一体どこにいたんだろう？

過去を推測する：条件法を使った可能性表現（Futuro do Pretérito）
8

Seriam umas três da tarde quando a chuva começou.

雨が降り始めたのは、午後3時ごろだったに違いない。

過去を推測する：条件法を使った可能性表現（Futuro do Pretérito）

ヒントとコツ (4)

🎯

「R」の音は未来のサイン

ポルトガル語の未来形と条件法には、語尾の直前に必ず「r」の音が入ります。 Eu faria isso. のように「r」が聞こえなければ、それは別の時制だと判断できます。
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 未来・条件形の語幹：〜するだろう/〜するはずだ (dir, far, trar)
⚠️

スペイン語の罠に注意！

スペイン語のpoderは不規則ですが、ポルトガル語のPoderは規則的なんです。 Eu poderia とそのまま言えばOKですよ。
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 短縮形をマスター：条件法の不規則語幹 (Dir/Far/Trar)
🎯

「原形キープ」の法則

語尾の -ar/-er/-ir を削る必要はありません！原形にそのまま -ia を足してください。
Eu falaria com ela agora.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: ポルトガル語の条件法：「〜だろう」の言い方 (Futuro do Pretérito)
🎯

ブラジル流のショートカット

ブラジルの日常会話では、あえて長い条件法を使わずに「Eu queria」と言うことがよくあります。バーや友達同士ならこちらの方が自然に聞こえますよ！
Eu queria uma cerveja, por favor.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: ポルトガル語の条件法：「〜だろう」（Eu faria）

重要な語彙 (6)

Faria Would do/make Diria Would say Traria Would bring Gostaria Would like Poderia Could (would be able to) Seria Would be

Real-World Preview

coffee

Fine Dining Request

Review Summary

  • Stem + -ia, -ias, -ia, -íamos, -íeis, -iam
  • Infinitive + -ia endings

よくある間違い

Using 'quero' is too direct. 'Gostaria' is the polite way to express desire.

Wrong: Eu quero um café.
正解: Eu gostaria de um café.

Students often treat irregulars as regulars. Remember the stem 'far-'.

Wrong: Eu fazeria isso.
正解: Eu faria isso.

When speculating about location, use 'estar' in the conditional, not 'ser'.

Wrong: Ele teria sido lá.
正解: Ele estaria lá.

このチャプターのルール (6)

1

未来・条件形の語幹：〜するだろう/〜するはずだ (dir, far, trar)

B2
「Big Three」と呼ばれる dir, far, trar の語幹をマスターすれば、ポルトガル語の会話がぐっと洗練されますよ。
Eu **farei** o upload do vídeo amanhã cedo.
10 例文
2

短縮形をマスター：条件法の不規則語幹 (Dir/Far/Trar)

B2
Dizer, Fazer, Trazerの3つは、語幹を Dir-, Far-, Trar- にギュッと短くしてから条件法の語尾をくっつけるのがルールです！
Eu faria tudo diferente se tivesse outra chance.
10 例文
3

ポルトガル語の条件法：「〜だろう」の言い方 (Futuro do Pretérito)

B2
「もし〜なら〜するだろう」という仮定や、gostaria や poderia を使った「丁寧なお願い」を表現する魔法の時制です。
Eu gostaria de um café, por favor.
10 例文
4

ポルトガル語の条件法：「〜だろう」（Eu faria）

B2
「もしもの話」や「丁寧なお願い」をしたい時は、動詞の原形に語尾をプラスしましょう。 gostaria や poderia は日常会話の必須アイテムです！
Eu comeria uma pizza inteira agora.
10 例文
5

ポルトガル語の条件法：「〜だろう」の時制 (Futuro do Pretérito)

B2
ポルトガル語の条件法（過去未来）は、動詞の原形に特定の語尾をつけるだけで「〜だろうな」という仮定や gostaria poderia faria といった丁寧な表現が作れる魔法のツールです。
Eu gostaria de um café, por favor.
10 例文
6

過去を推測する：条件法を使った可能性表現（Futuro do Pretérito）

B2
過去の出来事について「〜だっただろう」「〜したはずだ」と推測する時は、過去未来形（条件法）を使いましょう。seria や teria feito などの表現が、あなたのポルトガル語をより知的で自然な響きにしてくれます。
Onde ela estaria àquela hora da noite?
10 例文

Next Steps

You have navigated the conditional tense like a pro! Keep practicing these forms in your daily life to make them second nature.

Listen to a Portuguese podcast and note every time you hear a verb ending in -ia.

Continue to: Advanced Timelines and Completed Actions

クイック練習 (10)

文法的に正しい文を選んでください。

Choose the correct conditional form for 'trazer'.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Nós traríamos bebidas.
語幹はtrar-で、nósの形にはアクセント記号が必要です：traríamos。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 短縮形をマスター：条件法の不規則語幹 (Dir/Far/Trar)

動詞 'comer' を正しい条件法の形にして空欄を埋めてください。

Eu ___ uma pizza inteira agora!

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: comeria
一人称単数 'Eu' の場合、不定詞 'comer' に '-ia' を付けます。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: ポルトガル語の条件法：「〜だろう」の時制 (Futuro do Pretérito)

過去の時間を推測する、より自然なポルトガル語に直してください。

Find and fix the mistake:

Quando cheguei, deve ter sido umas 10 da noite.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Quando cheguei, seriam umas 10 da noite.
過去の時刻を推測する時は、'ser' の過去未来形を使います。'10' は複数なので 'seriam' にするのが最も自然です。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 過去を推測する：条件法を使った可能性表現（Futuro do Pretérito）

空欄に適切な形を入れてください。

Eu ___ (fazer) um bolo se tivesse tempo.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: faria
fazerの条件法の語幹はfar-なので、eu fariaとなります。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 短縮形をマスター：条件法の不規則語幹 (Dir/Far/Trar)

fazer の正しい未来形を使って空欄を埋めてください。

Amanhã, eu ___ (fazer) as compras no supermercado.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: farei
動詞 fazer は未来形で不規則になります。語幹は far- で、主語が eu なので語尾は -ei となります。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 未来・条件形の語幹：〜するだろう/〜するはずだ (dir, far, trar)

この文の間違いを見つけて直してください。

Find and fix the mistake:

Nós falariamos com ele se tivéssemos tempo.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Nós falaríamos com ele se tivéssemos tempo.
条件法の 'nós' の形には、必ず 'í' にアクセント記号が必要です。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: ポルトガル語の条件法：「〜だろう」の時制 (Futuro do Pretérito)

文の中の間違いを見つけて修正してください。

Nós dizemos que nós fazeriamos o bolo amanhã.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Nós dissemos que nós faríamos o bolo amanhã.
fazer の条件法は faríamos です。また、過去の報告なので dissemos を使うのが自然です。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 未来・条件形の語幹：〜するだろう/〜するはずだ (dir, far, trar)

間違いを見つけて修正してください。

Ela dizeria a verdade.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Ela diria a verdade.
Dizerは不規則です。語幹はdir-なので、diriaが正解です。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 短縮形をマスター：条件法の不規則語幹 (Dir/Far/Trar)

噂や未確認のニュースを正しく表現している文はどれですか？

正しい文を選んでください：

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: O gerente teria roubado o banco.
'Teria roubado' はジャーナリスティックな過去未来形で、「マネージャーが銀行を盗んだとされる（疑いがある）」という意味になります。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 過去を推測する：条件法を使った可能性表現（Futuro do Pretérito）

文法的に正しい文を選んでください。

不規則動詞の正しい形はどれ？

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Eu faria a tarefa se pudesse.
'fazer' は不規則動詞で、条件法では 'faria' になります。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: ポルトガル語の条件法：「〜だろう」の時制 (Futuro do Pretérito)

Score: /10

よくある質問 (6)

はい！ポルトガル語全体で、未来形と条件法で語幹が変わるのは Dizer (dir-), Fazer (far-), Trazer (trar-) の3つだけなんです。
Eu direi a verdade
のように、これさえ覚えれば完璧ですよ。
ブラジルのカジュアルな会話では Eu ia fazer と言うことがよくありますが、少し砕けた印象になります。 Eu faria isso の方が、より洗練された響きになりますね。
言語の進化の過程で、よく使われる動詞ほど短く便利な形が残ったんです。
Eu diria a verdade.
のように、今でも毎日使われています。
意外にも規則的なんです！不定詞のまま poria となります。
Eu poria o livro na mesa.
「Futuro do Pretérito」と呼ばれ、特定の条件下で「〜だろう」と起こることを表します。
Eu faria o mesmo.
不定詞（原形）に -ia, -ia, -íamos, -iam を付けるだけです。
Eu falaria com você.
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