B2 · بالای متوسط فصل 20

اگه میشد، کاشکی...: حرفه‌ای درخواست کن!

6 مجموع قواعد
60 مثال‌ها
7 دقیقه

Chapter in 30 Seconds

Master the art of nuance by using the conditional tense to express polite requests and hypothetical scenarios.

  • Conjugate the 'Big Three' irregular verbs in the conditional.
  • Construct complex 'would' sentences for social grace.
  • Apply the conditional to speculate about past events.
Speak with grace: Master the Portuguese conditional.

چی یاد می‌گیری

خب، آماده‌ای پرتغالی‌ت رو یه مرحله ببری بالاتر؟ این فصل قراره بهت یاد بده چطور مثل یه بومی، خیلی شیک و باکلاس حرف بزنی. اینجا یاد می‌گیری چطور در مورد چیزایی که «اگه میشد» یا «کاشکی» اتفاق می‌افتادن حرف بزنی، یا چطور مودبانه‌ترین درخواست‌ها رو بکنی. قراره بری تو دل زمان «شرطی» (Futuro do Pretérito) و فرم‌های خاص فعل‌ها رو کشف کنی. مثلاً اون سه تا فعل مهم dizer, fazer, trazer که تبدیل میشن به dir-, far-, trar- رو قشنگ یاد می‌گیری که چطور باهاشون جمله بسازی. اینا رو بهشون میگیم «سه‌تای بزرگ» چون خیلی کاربردین! بعدش می‌بینی که با اضافه کردن -ia به ریشه‌ی فعل‌ها، چقدر راحت می‌تونی would رو تو پرتغالی بگی. فکر کن تو یه موقعیت مهم هستی، مثلاً داری یه پیشنهاد کاری میدی یا می‌خوای تو یه رستوران خاص، یه سرویس ویژه رو خیلی مؤدبانه درخواست کنی. با این چیزایی که یاد می‌گیری، دیگه لازم نیست مستقیم و شاید یه کم بی‌ادبانه حرف بزنی. یا مثلاً وقتی در مورد گذشته یه چیزی رو حدس می‌زنی ولی ازش مطمئن نیستی؛ می‌خوای بگی «حتماً اینطور بوده...» یا «شاید اونجا می‌بود...»، این فصل کلیدش رو بهت میده. از همون «سه‌تای بزرگ» شروع می‌کنیم تا پایه‌های محکم رو بسازی، بعد می‌ریم سراغ الگوی کلی ساختن جملات شرطی که برای بقیه فعل‌ها استفاده میشه. در نهایت هم یاد می‌گیری چطور با همین زمان شرطی، در مورد احتمالات و گمانه‌زنی‌های گذشته حرف بزنی. بعد از این فصل، تو می‌تونی با اعتماد به نفس کامل، جملات شرطی پیچیده بسازی، درخواست‌های فوق‌العاده مودبانه داشته باشی و حتی در مورد اتفاقات گذشته با ظرافت و شک و تردید حرف بزنی. مکالمه‌هات عمق و حرفه‌ای بودن بیشتری پیدا می‌کنه و حس می‌کنی واقعاً مثل یه بومی داری فکر می‌کنی و حرف می‌زنی.

Learning Objectives

By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:

  1. 1
    By the end you will be able to: Use 'faria', 'diria', and 'traria' to make refined requests in restaurant or business settings.

راهنمای فصل

مرور کلی

Ready to truly elevate your Portuguese and sound just like a native speaker? This chapter is your essential guide to unlocking sophisticated and nuanced conversations. We’re diving deep into the Conditional tense, known in Portuguese as the Futuro do Pretérito, a versatile tool that allows you to express everything from polite desires and hypothetical scenarios to educated guesses about the past.
Mastering this tense is a crucial step for B2 Portuguese grammar learners aiming for fluency and authenticity.
Imagine yourself in a situation where you need to make a delicate request, negotiate a business deal, or simply express a wish without sounding overly direct. The Conditional tense empowers you to do just that, adding grace and professionalism to your speech. You'll learn how to form the would tense in Portuguese, starting with the Big Three irregular verbs—dizer (to say), fazer (to do/make), and trazer (to bring)—which transform into dir-, far-, and trar- before taking their endings.
Beyond politeness, this tense is invaluable for speculating about past events. Ever wanted to say,
He must have been there
or
She would have known
in Portuguese? This chapter provides the tools to express doubt, suggest possibilities, and make conjectures about past situations with subtle nuance.
By the end, you'll confidently construct complex conditional sentences, make impeccable polite requests, and discuss past events like a seasoned Portuguese speaker. This is a game-changer for your Portuguese grammar B2 journey!

این گرامر چطور کار می‌کنه

At the heart of this chapter is the Futuro do Pretérito, or the Conditional tense, which primarily translates to would in English. We'll start by mastering the Big Three irregular verbs, which are crucial for the "Future & Conditional Stems: I will/would do (dir, far, trar)" rule. These verbs have unique stems:
* Dizer (to say) becomes dir-
* Fazer (to do/make) becomes far-
* Trazer (to bring) becomes trar-
These stems then take the standard conditional endings. For example, fazer (to do/make) conjugates as:
* Eu faria (I would do/make)
* Tu farias (You would do/make)
* Ele/Ela/Você faria (He/She/You would do/make)
* Nós faríamos (We would do/make)
* Vós faríeis (You all would do/make - mostly European Portuguese)
* Eles/Elas/Vocês fariam (They/You all would do/make)
This covers the "Short & Sweet: Irregular Conditional Stems
rule. For all other regular verbs, forming the Conditional is incredibly straightforward, aligning with the
Portuguese Conditional Tense: Saying 'Would' (Futuro do Pretérito) and Portuguese Conditional: Expressing 'Would' (Eu faria)
rules. You simply take the infinitive form of the verb and add the same
-ia" endings.
For example, with falar (to speak):
* Eu falaria (I would speak)
* Tu falarias (You would speak)
* Ele/Ela/Você falaria (He/She/You would speak)
* Nós falaríamos (We would speak)
* Vós falaríeis (You all would speak)
* Eles/Elas/Vocês falariam (They/You all would speak)
This pattern applies to all regular -ar, -er, and -ir verbs. This elegant simplicity makes the "Portuguese Conditional: The 'Would' Tense (Futuro do Pretérito)
surprisingly easy to grasp. Finally, this tense is also used for
Guessing the Past: Using the Conditional for Probability." For instance, Ele estaria em casa (He would probably be at home / He must have been at home).
This allows you to express conjectures about past events, adding a layer of sophisticated nuance to your conversations.

اشتباهات رایج

  1. 1Wrong:
    Você vai me ajudar com isso?
    (Are you going to help me with this?)
Correct:
Você me ajudaria com isso?
(Would you help me with this?)
*Explanation:* While the first sentence is grammatically correct, using the simple future (vai ajudar) can sound too direct or demanding when making a request. The Conditional tense (ajudaria) is much more polite and appropriate for asking for favors or making suggestions in Portuguese.
  1. 1Wrong:
    Eu fazeria o jantar se tivesse tempo.
    (I would make dinner if I had time.)
Correct:
Eu faria o jantar se tivesse tempo.
(I would make dinner if I had time.)
*Explanation:* This common error involves regularizing the irregular verb fazer. Remember the "Short & Sweet: Irregular Conditional Stems" rule: fazer becomes far-, not fazer-. The same applies to dizer (diria, not dizeria) and trazer (traria, not trazeria).
  1. 1Wrong:
    Ele provavelmente estava lá.
    (He probably was there.)
Correct: Ele estaria lá. (He must have been there / He would have been there.)
*Explanation:* While provavelmente estava is understandable, using the Conditional tense (estaria) for
Guessing the Past: Using the Conditional for Probability
is a more natural and idiomatic way to express conjecture or an educated guess about a past event in Portuguese. It implies a higher degree of speculation or a milder assertion.

مکالمات واقعی

A

A

Você poderia me dar uma informação? (Could you give me some information?)
B

B

Claro! O que você gostaria de saber? (Of course! What would you like to know?)
A

A

Se eu tivesse mais dinheiro, viajaria o mundo todo. (If I had more money, I would travel the whole world.)
B

B

Eu também faria o mesmo! (I would do the same too!)
A

A

Onde estaria ele ontem à noite? Não o vi em lugar nenhum. (Where would he have been last night? I didn't see him anywhere.)
B

B

Ele talvez estaria em casa, cansado do trabalho. (He might have been home, tired from work.)

سؤالات رایج

Q

What is the difference between the Conditional and the Simple Future in Portuguese?

The Simple Future (futuro do presente) describes actions that *will* definitely happen (e.g., Eu farei - I will do). The Conditional (futuro do pretérito) expresses actions that *would* happen under certain conditions, polite requests, or conjectures about the past (e.g., Eu faria - I would do).

Q

Are there many irregular verbs in the Portuguese Conditional besides dizer, fazer, and trazer?

No, thankfully! These Big Three are the most common and important irregular verbs for the Conditional tense in Portuguese. Most other verbs follow the regular pattern of adding the -ia endings to their infinitive form.

Q

Can I use the Conditional to talk about things I *used to* do?

No, the Conditional tense is not typically used for past habits. For actions you *used to* do, you should use the Imperfect tense (pretérito imperfeito), such as Eu falava (I used to speak). The Conditional expresses would in hypothetical or polite contexts.

Q

How does the Conditional help with sounding more polite in Portuguese?

Using the Conditional tense softens requests and suggestions, making them less direct and more respectful. For example, instead of Quero um café (I want a coffee),

Gostaria de um café
(I would like a coffee) is much politer and more common in formal or service interactions.

بافت فرهنگی

In Portuguese-speaking cultures, particularly in more formal settings or when interacting with strangers, politeness is highly valued. The Conditional tense is your go-to tool for demonstrating this respect. Using forms like gostaria (I would like) or poderia (you could/would be able to) in polite requests is not just good grammar; it's a social expectation.
It subtly conveys deference and consideration, making your interactions smoother and more positive. Mastering this aspect of Portuguese grammar will significantly enhance your ability to communicate effectively and appropriately in various social situations, from a chic restaurant to a professional meeting.

مثال‌های کلیدی (2)

1

Onde ela estaria àquela hora da noite?

Where could she have been at that time of night?

حدس زدن گذشته: استفاده از شرطی برای احتمال (Futuro do Pretérito)
2

Seriam umas três da tarde quando a chuva começou.

It must have been around three in the afternoon when the rain started.

حدس زدن گذشته: استفاده از شرطی برای احتمال (Futuro do Pretérito)

نکات و ترفندها (4)

🎯

حرف R بهترین دوستته

توی زبان پرتغالی، محاله فعل آینده یا شرطی بنویسی و قبل از پسوندش حرف 'r' نباشه. اگه 'r' رو نشنیدی، احتمالاً داری یه زمان دیگه رو می‌گی:
Eu faria isso agora.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: ریشه‌های آینده و شرطی: انجام خواهم داد/انجام می‌دادم (dir, far, trar)
⚠️

تله اسپانیایی!

اگه اسپانیایی بلدی، حواست باشه! توی پرتغالی فعل Poder کاملاً منظمه و نمی‌گیم 'podria'. شکل درستش اینه: Eu poderia.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: کوتاه و مفید: ریشه‌های بی‌قاعده شرطی
🎯

قانون طلایی مصدر

برخلاف بقیه زمان‌ها، اینجا لازم نیست دُمِ فعل (ar/er/ir) رو بکنی! دقیقا خودِ کلمه رو بردار و ia رو بهش بچسبون: «Eu comeria تمام پیتزا رو اگه گرسنه بودم.»
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: زمان شرطی در پرتغالی: گفتن «می‌رفتم/می‌کردم» (Futuro do Pretérito)
🎯

میان‌بر برزیلی

توی مکالمات دوستانه برزیلی، مردم معمولاً به جای فعل طولانی و سختِ 'quereria' از Eu queria استفاده می‌کنن. اینجوری خیلی طبیعی‌تر و حرفه‌ای‌تر به نظر میای!
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: زمان شرطی در پرتغالی: بیان «می‌کردم» (Eu faria)

واژگان کلیدی (6)

Faria Would do/make Diria Would say Traria Would bring Gostaria Would like Poderia Could (would be able to) Seria Would be

Real-World Preview

coffee

Fine Dining Request

Review Summary

  • Stem + -ia, -ias, -ia, -íamos, -íeis, -iam
  • Infinitive + -ia endings

اشتباهات رایج

Using 'quero' is too direct. 'Gostaria' is the polite way to express desire.

Wrong: Eu quero um café.
صحیح: Eu gostaria de um café.

Students often treat irregulars as regulars. Remember the stem 'far-'.

Wrong: Eu fazeria isso.
صحیح: Eu faria isso.

When speculating about location, use 'estar' in the conditional, not 'ser'.

Wrong: Ele teria sido lá.
صحیح: Ele estaria lá.

قواعد این فصل (6)

Next Steps

You have navigated the conditional tense like a pro! Keep practicing these forms in your daily life to make them second nature.

Listen to a Portuguese podcast and note every time you hear a verb ending in -ia.

تمرین سریع (6)

Choose the correct sentence.

Which is correct?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Ele teria ido.
Teria + participle.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: حدس زدن گذشته: استفاده از شرطی برای احتمال (Futuro do Pretérito)

جای خالی رو با شکل درست فعل 'comer' در زمان شرطی پر کن.

Eu ___ uma pizza inteira agora!

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: comeria
برای اول شخص مفرد (Eu)، پسوند '-ia' رو به مصدر 'comer' اضافه می‌کنیم.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: زمان شرطی در پرتغالی: آینده در گذشته (Futuro do Pretérito)

Fill in the blank with the correct conditional form.

Onde ___ (estar) a chave?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: estaria
It's a guess about the past.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: حدس زدن گذشته: استفاده از شرطی برای احتمال (Futuro do Pretérito)

اشتباه این جمله رو پیدا و اصلاح کن.

Find and fix the mistake:

Nós falariamos com ele se tivéssemos tempo.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Nós falaríamos com ele se tivéssemos tempo.
در حالت 'nós' همیشه باید روی حرف 'í' آکسان بذاریم (falaríamos).

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: زمان شرطی در پرتغالی: آینده در گذشته (Futuro do Pretérito)

Correct the sentence.

Find and fix the mistake:

Se ele teria vindo, eu saberia.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Se ele viesse...
No conditional in 'if' clause.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: حدس زدن گذشته: استفاده از شرطی برای احتمال (Futuro do Pretérito)

کدوم جمله از نظر گرامری درسته؟

شکل بی‌قاعده درست رو انتخاب کن:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Eu faria a tarefa se pudesse.
فعل 'fazer' در زمان شرطی بی‌قاعده است و شکل درستش 'faria' هست.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: زمان شرطی در پرتغالی: آینده در گذشته (Futuro do Pretérito)

Score: /6

سوالات رایج (6)

آره خوشبختانه! فقط Dizer، Fazer و Trazer هستن که ریشه‌شون توی این دو تا زمان عوض می‌شه: Eu direi tudo.
توی مکالمات خیلی دوستانه برزیلی، استفاده از ia fazer خیلی رایجه، ولی faria رسمی‌تر و مودبانه‌تره.
تکامل زبان عجیبه! بیشتر فعل‌ها در طول زمان منظم شدن، ولی این سه تا چون خیلی زیاد استفاده می‌شدن، شکل کوتاهشون رو حفظ کردن. مثلاً: Eu diria.
در کمال تعجب، نه! با اینکه فعل عجیبیه، ولی توی حالت شرطی منظمه: Eu poria. همین‌طور برای 'ver' که می‌شه veria.
اسمش 'Futuro do Pretérito' هست و وقتی ازش استفاده می‌کنیم که بخوایم بگیم اگه شرایط جور بود، فلان کار رو «می‌کردیم». مثلاً: Eu iria.
خیلی سادست! کافیه پسوندهای -ia, -ia, -íamos, -iam رو به آخر مصدر اضافه کنی. مثل: falaria.