B2 · 중상급 챕터 20

Hypotheticals and Polite Requests

6 총 규칙
60 예문
7 분
이 챕터의 규칙 빠른 연습

Chapter in 30 Seconds

Master the art of nuance by using the conditional tense to express polite requests and hypothetical scenarios.

  • Conjugate the 'Big Three' irregular verbs in the conditional.
  • Construct complex 'would' sentences for social grace.
  • Apply the conditional to speculate about past events.
Speak with grace: Master the Portuguese conditional.

배울 내용

Ready to elevate your Portuguese and sound truly authentic? This chapter is your key to unlocking sophisticated and nuanced conversations, just like a native speaker! Here, you'll dive deep into the Conditional tense (Futuro do Pretérito) to express everything from polite desires and hypothetical scenarios to educated guesses about the past. We'll start by mastering the Big Three irregular verbs—dizer, fazer, and trazer—which transform into dir-, far-, and trar- before taking their endings. Then, you'll discover how effortlessly you can form the would tense in Portuguese by adding simple -ia endings to verb infinitives. Imagine yourself in a crucial situation, perhaps delicately negotiating a business deal or making a very polite request to a waiter in a chic restaurant. These skills will empower you to express yourself with grace and avoid sounding overly direct. Or, think about those times you want to speculate about past events, expressing doubt or suggesting possibilities—like saying,

He must have been there
or
She would have known.
This chapter gives you the tools to do just that. We’ll build your foundation with the irregular Big Three, then move to the general pattern of conditional formation for all other verbs. Finally, you’ll learn to leverage this versatile tense for expressing probabilities and conjectures about past situations. By the end of this chapter, you’ll confidently construct complex conditional sentences, make impeccable polite requests, and discuss past events with subtle nuance. Your conversations will gain depth and professionalism, making you feel truly at home in Portuguese. No hypothetical situation or polite inquiry will be beyond your expressive reach!

Learning Objectives

By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:

  1. 1
    By the end you will be able to: Use 'faria', 'diria', and 'traria' to make refined requests in restaurant or business settings.

챕터 가이드

Overview

Ready to truly elevate your Portuguese and sound just like a native speaker? This chapter is your essential guide to unlocking sophisticated and nuanced conversations. We’re diving deep into the Conditional tense, known in Portuguese as the Futuro do Pretérito, a versatile tool that allows you to express everything from polite desires and hypothetical scenarios to educated guesses about the past.
Mastering this tense is a crucial step for B2 Portuguese grammar learners aiming for fluency and authenticity.
Imagine yourself in a situation where you need to make a delicate request, negotiate a business deal, or simply express a wish without sounding overly direct. The Conditional tense empowers you to do just that, adding grace and professionalism to your speech. You'll learn how to form the would tense in Portuguese, starting with the Big Three irregular verbs—dizer (to say), fazer (to do/make), and trazer (to bring)—which transform into dir-, far-, and trar- before taking their endings.
Beyond politeness, this tense is invaluable for speculating about past events. Ever wanted to say,
He must have been there
or
She would have known
in Portuguese? This chapter provides the tools to express doubt, suggest possibilities, and make conjectures about past situations with subtle nuance.
By the end, you'll confidently construct complex conditional sentences, make impeccable polite requests, and discuss past events like a seasoned Portuguese speaker. This is a game-changer for your Portuguese grammar B2 journey!

How This Grammar Works

At the heart of this chapter is the Futuro do Pretérito, or the Conditional tense, which primarily translates to would in English. We'll start by mastering the Big Three irregular verbs, which are crucial for the "Future & Conditional Stems: I will/would do (dir, far, trar)" rule. These verbs have unique stems:
* Dizer (to say) becomes dir-
* Fazer (to do/make) becomes far-
* Trazer (to bring) becomes trar-
These stems then take the standard conditional endings. For example, fazer (to do/make) conjugates as:
* Eu faria (I would do/make)
* Tu farias (You would do/make)
* Ele/Ela/Você faria (He/She/You would do/make)
* Nós faríamos (We would do/make)
* Vós faríeis (You all would do/make - mostly European Portuguese)
* Eles/Elas/Vocês fariam (They/You all would do/make)
This covers the "Short & Sweet: Irregular Conditional Stems
rule. For all other regular verbs, forming the Conditional is incredibly straightforward, aligning with the
Portuguese Conditional Tense: Saying 'Would' (Futuro do Pretérito) and Portuguese Conditional: Expressing 'Would' (Eu faria)
rules. You simply take the infinitive form of the verb and add the same
-ia" endings.
For example, with falar (to speak):
* Eu falaria (I would speak)
* Tu falarias (You would speak)
* Ele/Ela/Você falaria (He/She/You would speak)
* Nós falaríamos (We would speak)
* Vós falaríeis (You all would speak)
* Eles/Elas/Vocês falariam (They/You all would speak)
This pattern applies to all regular -ar, -er, and -ir verbs. This elegant simplicity makes the "Portuguese Conditional: The 'Would' Tense (Futuro do Pretérito)
surprisingly easy to grasp. Finally, this tense is also used for
Guessing the Past: Using the Conditional for Probability." For instance, Ele estaria em casa (He would probably be at home / He must have been at home).
This allows you to express conjectures about past events, adding a layer of sophisticated nuance to your conversations.

Common Mistakes

  1. 1✗ Wrong:
    Você vai me ajudar com isso?
    (Are you going to help me with this?)
✓ Correct:
Você me ajudaria com isso?
(Would you help me with this?)
*Explanation:* While the first sentence is grammatically correct, using the simple future (vai ajudar) can sound too direct or demanding when making a request. The Conditional tense (ajudaria) is much more polite and appropriate for asking for favors or making suggestions in Portuguese.
  1. 1✗ Wrong:
    Eu fazeria o jantar se tivesse tempo.
    (I would make dinner if I had time.)
✓ Correct:
Eu faria o jantar se tivesse tempo.
(I would make dinner if I had time.)
*Explanation:* This common error involves regularizing the irregular verb fazer. Remember the "Short & Sweet: Irregular Conditional Stems" rule: fazer becomes far-, not fazer-. The same applies to dizer (diria, not dizeria) and trazer (traria, not trazeria).
  1. 1✗ Wrong:
    Ele provavelmente estava lá.
    (He probably was there.)
✓ Correct: Ele estaria lá. (He must have been there / He would have been there.)
*Explanation:* While provavelmente estava is understandable, using the Conditional tense (estaria) for
Guessing the Past: Using the Conditional for Probability
is a more natural and idiomatic way to express conjecture or an educated guess about a past event in Portuguese. It implies a higher degree of speculation or a milder assertion.

Real Conversations

A

A

Você poderia me dar uma informação? (Could you give me some information?)
B

B

Claro! O que você gostaria de saber? (Of course! What would you like to know?)
A

A

Se eu tivesse mais dinheiro, viajaria o mundo todo. (If I had more money, I would travel the whole world.)
B

B

Eu também faria o mesmo! (I would do the same too!)
A

A

Onde estaria ele ontem à noite? Não o vi em lugar nenhum. (Where would he have been last night? I didn't see him anywhere.)
B

B

Ele talvez estaria em casa, cansado do trabalho. (He might have been home, tired from work.)

Quick FAQ

Q

What is the difference between the Conditional and the Simple Future in Portuguese?

The Simple Future (futuro do presente) describes actions that *will* definitely happen (e.g., Eu farei - I will do). The Conditional (futuro do pretérito) expresses actions that *would* happen under certain conditions, polite requests, or conjectures about the past (e.g., Eu faria - I would do).

Q

Are there many irregular verbs in the Portuguese Conditional besides dizer, fazer, and trazer?

No, thankfully! These Big Three are the most common and important irregular verbs for the Conditional tense in Portuguese. Most other verbs follow the regular pattern of adding the -ia endings to their infinitive form.

Q

Can I use the Conditional to talk about things I *used to* do?

No, the Conditional tense is not typically used for past habits. For actions you *used to* do, you should use the Imperfect tense (pretérito imperfeito), such as Eu falava (I used to speak). The Conditional expresses would in hypothetical or polite contexts.

Q

How does the Conditional help with sounding more polite in Portuguese?

Using the Conditional tense softens requests and suggestions, making them less direct and more respectful. For example, instead of Quero um café (I want a coffee),

Gostaria de um café
(I would like a coffee) is much politer and more common in formal or service interactions.

Cultural Context

In Portuguese-speaking cultures, particularly in more formal settings or when interacting with strangers, politeness is highly valued. The Conditional tense is your go-to tool for demonstrating this respect. Using forms like gostaria (I would like) or poderia (you could/would be able to) in polite requests is not just good grammar; it's a social expectation.
It subtly conveys deference and consideration, making your interactions smoother and more positive. Mastering this aspect of Portuguese grammar will significantly enhance your ability to communicate effectively and appropriately in various social situations, from a chic restaurant to a professional meeting.

주요 예문 (8)

1

Eu faria tudo diferente se tivesse outra chance.

기회가 다시 온다면 모든 걸 다르게 할 텐데.

짧고 굵게: 조건법 불규칙 어간 정복하기
2

Você me faria um favorzinho?

부탁 하나만 들어줄 수 있어?

짧고 굵게: 조건법 불규칙 어간 정복하기
3

Eu gostaria de um café, por favor.

커피 한 잔 주세요 (부탁드립니다).

포르투갈어 조건법: '~할 텐데' 말하기 (Futuro do Pretérito)
4

Se eu tivesse dinheiro, viajaria pelo mundo.

돈이 있다면 세계 여행을 할 텐데.

포르투갈어 조건법: '~할 텐데' 말하기 (Futuro do Pretérito)
5

Eu comeria uma pizza inteira agora.

지금 당장 피자 한 판을 다 먹을 수 있을 것 같아요.

포르투갈어 조건법: '~했을 것이다' 표현하기 (Eu faria)
6

Você poderia me passar o sal?

소금 좀 건네주실 수 있을까요?

포르투갈어 조건법: '~했을 것이다' 표현하기 (Eu faria)
7

Eu gostaria de um café, por favor.

커피 한 잔 주세요.

포르투갈어 조건법: '~했을 것이다' 시제 (Futuro do Pretérito)
8

Se eu fosse você, eu não faria isso.

내가 너라면 그렇게 안 할 거야.

포르투갈어 조건법: '~했을 것이다' 시제 (Futuro do Pretérito)

팁과 요령 (4)

🎯

알파벳 'R'은 여러분의 절친!

포르투갈어의 모든 미래와 조건법 형태에는 어미 바로 앞에 반드시 'r'이 들어가요. 소리를 들었을 때 'r'이 안 들린다면 다른 시제일 확률이 높답니다.
Eu faria o trabalho agora.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 미래 및 조건형 어간: ~할 것이다/~했을 것이다 (dir, far, trar)
⚠️

스페인어 함정 주의!

스페인어 'podría'처럼 말하지 않도록 조심하세요. 포르투갈어 'Poder'는 규칙 동사라 그대로 poderia라고 씁니다.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 짧고 굵게: 조건법 불규칙 어간 정복하기
🎯

동사 원형을 그대로 살리세요!

-ar, -er, -ir 어미를 자르지 말고 통째로 쓰세요. 포르투갈어에서 동사 원형이 온전히 유지되는 유일한 시제랍니다.
Eu falaria com ela agora.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 포르투갈어 조건법: '~할 텐데' 말하기 (Futuro do Pretérito)
🎯

브라질식 지름길

캐주얼한 브라질 포르투갈어에서는 'Eu quereria' 대신 'Eu queria'를 더 자주 써요. 바에서 주문할 때 훨씬 자연스러워요!
Eu queria um suco de laranja.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 포르투갈어 조건법: '~했을 것이다' 표현하기 (Eu faria)

핵심 어휘 (6)

Faria Would do/make Diria Would say Traria Would bring Gostaria Would like Poderia Could (would be able to) Seria Would be

Real-World Preview

coffee

Fine Dining Request

Review Summary

  • Stem + -ia, -ias, -ia, -íamos, -íeis, -iam
  • Infinitive + -ia endings

자주 하는 실수

Using 'quero' is too direct. 'Gostaria' is the polite way to express desire.

Wrong: Eu quero um café.
정답: Eu gostaria de um café.

Students often treat irregulars as regulars. Remember the stem 'far-'.

Wrong: Eu fazeria isso.
정답: Eu faria isso.

When speculating about location, use 'estar' in the conditional, not 'ser'.

Wrong: Ele teria sido lá.
정답: Ele estaria lá.

이 챕터의 규칙 (6)

1

미래 및 조건형 어간: ~할 것이다/~했을 것이다 (dir, far, trar)

B2
포르투갈어의 '마법의 3인방'인 dir, far, trar 어간만 마스터하면 미래와 조건 표현이 훨씬 자연스러워져요!
Eu **farei** o upload do vídeo amanhã cedo.
10 예문
2

짧고 굵게: 조건법 불규칙 어간 정복하기

B2
Dizer, Fazer, Trazer는 조건법에서 어간이 Dir-, Far-, Trar-로 짧아지는 마법을 부려요!
Eu faria tudo diferente se tivesse outra chance.
10 예문
3

포르투갈어 조건법: '~할 텐데' 말하기 (Futuro do Pretérito)

B2
동사 원형 뒤에 -ia를 붙여서 상상 속의 일이나 공손한 부탁을 표현해 보세요. gostaria나 poderia 같은 단어가 대화를 훨씬 부드럽게 만드는 마법의 단어예요.
Eu gostaria de um café, por favor.
10 예문
4

포르투갈어 조건법: '~했을 것이다' 표현하기 (Eu faria)

B2
포르투갈어 조건법은 동사 원형에 특정 접미사를 붙여서 «가정적인 소망»이나 «정중한 요청»을 표현하는 아주 유용한 도구예요. gostaria, poderia, faria 같은 단어들을 기억하세요!
Eu comeria uma pizza inteira agora.
10 예문
5

포르투갈어 조건법: '~했을 것이다' 시제 (Futuro do Pretérito)

B2
포르투갈어 조건법은 동사 원형에 특정 어미를 더해 '가정'이나 '정중함'을 표현해요. gostaria, poderia, faria 같은 단어들이 핵심 도구랍니다.
Eu gostaria de um café, por favor.
10 예문
6

과거 추측하기: 조건법을 활용한 가능성 표현 (Futuro do Pretérito)

B2
Use the conditional tense (Futuro do Pretérito) to make guesses, express doubt, or state unverified facts about the past.
Onde ela estaria àquela hora da noite?
10 예문

Next Steps

You have navigated the conditional tense like a pro! Keep practicing these forms in your daily life to make them second nature.

Listen to a Portuguese podcast and note every time you hear a verb ending in -ia.

Continue to: Advanced Timelines and Completed Actions

빠른 연습 (10)

문장에서 틀린 부분을 찾아 고치세요.

Nós dizemos que nós fazeriamos o bolo amanhã.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Nós dissemos que nós faríamos o bolo amanhã.
fazer의 조건법은 fazeriamos가 아니라 faríamos입니다. 또한 문맥상 과거에 말한 것이므로 dissemos가 적절해요.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 미래 및 조건형 어간: ~할 것이다/~했을 것이다 (dir, far, trar)

불규칙 동사가 올바르게 쓰인 문장을 고르세요.

다음 중 맞는 문장은?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Eu faria o bolo hoje.
'fazer'는 조건법에서 어간이 'far-'로 변하는 불규칙 동사예요.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 포르투갈어 조건법: '~했을 것이다' 표현하기 (Eu faria)

'gostar'의 올바른 조건법 형태를 빈칸에 채우세요.

Eu ___ de pedir uma pizza. (gostar)

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: gostaria
공손하게 '하고 싶다'고 말할 때는 조건법인 'gostaria'를 사용합니다.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 포르투갈어 조건법: '~할 텐데' 말하기 (Futuro do Pretérito)

문법적으로 올바른 문장을 고르세요.

올바른 불규칙 형태를 선택하세요:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Eu faria a tarefa se pudesse.
'Fazer'는 조건법에서 불규칙이며, 올바른 형태는 'faria'입니다.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 포르투갈어 조건법: '~했을 것이다' 시제 (Futuro do Pretérito)

Choose the correct sentence.

Which is correct?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Ele teria ido.
Teria + participle.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 과거 추측하기: 조건법을 활용한 가능성 표현 (Futuro do Pretérito)

Fill in the blank with the correct conditional form.

Onde ___ (estar) a chave?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: estaria
It's a guess about the past.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 과거 추측하기: 조건법을 활용한 가능성 표현 (Futuro do Pretérito)

빈칸에 알맞은 형태를 채워 넣으세요.

Eu ___ (fazer) um bolo se tivesse tempo.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: faria
'fazer'의 조건법 어간은 'far-'이므로 'eu faria'가 정답입니다.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 짧고 굵게: 조건법 불규칙 어간 정복하기

불규칙 동사 'fazer'가 조건법으로 올바르게 쓰인 문장을 고르세요.

올바른 문장을 선택하세요:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Eu faria o trabalho amanhã.
'fazer'는 조건법에서 어근이 'far-'로 변하는 불규칙 동사입니다.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 포르투갈어 조건법: '~할 텐데' 말하기 (Futuro do Pretérito)

가장 정중하고 문법적으로 올바른 문장을 고르세요.

Choose the correct conditional sentence:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Você me traria um copo de água?
trazer는 조건법에서 trar-가 됩니다. 당신(você)을 위한 어미 -ia를 붙여 traria가 정답이에요.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 미래 및 조건형 어간: ~할 것이다/~했을 것이다 (dir, far, trar)

'falar'의 올바른 조건법 형태를 빈칸에 채우세요.

Eu ___ com ele, mas não tenho o número dele.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: falaria
번호가 있다면 말했을 것이라는 가정을 나타내므로 'falaria'가 정답이에요.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 포르투갈어 조건법: '~했을 것이다' 표현하기 (Eu faria)

Score: /10

자주 묻는 질문 (6)

네! 맞아요. Dizer, Fazer, Trazer 이 세 가지만 어간이 변해요. 다른 모든 동사는 원형을 그대로 쓴답니다.
Eu farei isso amanhã.
브라질 구어체에서는 'ia fazer'를 조건법 대신 정말 많이 써요. 하지만 격식 있는 자리나 정중한 표현에는
Eu faria o favor.
가 더 좋아요.
언어의 진화는 참 흥미로워요! 대부분의 동사는 시간이 흐르며 규칙화되었지만, 이 세 단어는 너무 자주 쓰여서 옛날의 짧은 형태가 그대로 남게 되었답니다. Eu faria처럼요.
아니요, 놀랍게도 규칙이에요! 'pôr'는 특이한 동사지만 조건법에서는 원형을 살려 poria라고 합니다. 'ver'(veria)나 'vir'(viria)도 마찬가지예요.
포르투갈어로는 'Futuro do Pretérito'라고 해요. 특정 조건 하에 일어날 법한 '했을 텐데' 같은 상황을 말할 때 써요.
Eu iria se pudesse.
동사 원형 뒤에 -ia, -ia, -íamos, -iam을 붙이면 돼요. 예를 들어 'falar'는 falaria가 됩니다.
이전 챕터
Expressing Purpose, Contrast, and Tense Harmony
다음 챕터
Advanced Timelines and Completed Actions
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