B2 · 중상급 챕터 21

Advanced Timelines and Completed Actions

7 총 규칙
72 예문
7 분
이 챕터의 규칙 빠른 연습

Chapter in 30 Seconds

Master the art of complex timelines to narrate your life with native-like precision and sophistication.

  • Sequence past events using pluperfect tenses.
  • Express hypothetical past regrets with conditional perfects.
  • State future completions using the future perfect.
Mastering the dimensions of time in Portuguese.

배울 내용

Hey there, language explorer! Ready to elevate your Portuguese conversations and start sounding truly native? In this exciting chapter, we're going to dive deep into some of the most intricate and useful Portuguese tenses that will make you sound incredibly sophisticated. You'll learn how to precisely sequence events that happened in the past (using tenses like the Pretérito Mais-que-perfeito and Pluperfect with tinha + participle). Imagine you're telling a story to a Portuguese friend and you want to clearly explain what happened first and what followed. These grammar points will be the magic of your narrative! Next, we'll move on to the Conditional Perfect (teria + participle), which gives you the power to express what would have happened but didn't. For example,

If I had had more time, I would have finished that task.
This skill helps you talk about regrets, missed opportunities, or any hypothetical past scenarios with ease. And finally, with the Future Perfect (terei + participle), we'll look ahead to a future where actions are already done and dusted. Picture saying,
By the end of this month, I will have finished my book.
It's perfect for planning or when you want to emphasize that something will be completed by a specific point in the future. By the time you complete this chapter, you'll be able to dance with Portuguese tenses, speaking with incredible precision and nuance. You'll tell more captivating stories, express your plans with crystal clarity, and impress everyone with your advanced command of Portuguese. Are you ready to become a master of Portuguese timelines?

Learning Objectives

By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:

  1. 1
    By the end you will be able to: Narrate a sequence of past events using the pluperfect.

챕터 가이드

Overview

Hey there, language explorer! Ready to elevate your Portuguese conversations and start sounding truly native? In this exciting chapter, we're going to dive deep into some of the most intricate and useful Portuguese tenses that will make you sound incredibly sophisticated.
This is crucial for reaching B2 Portuguese grammar proficiency, as it allows for much greater precision in expressing complex ideas. We’ll explore advanced timelines and completed actions, which are essential for painting vivid pictures with your words.
You'll learn how to precisely sequence events that happened in the past (using tenses like the Pretérito Mais-que-perfeito and the compound Pluperfect with tinha + participle). Imagine you're telling a story to a Portuguese friend and you want to clearly explain what happened first and what followed. These grammar points will be the magic of your narrative, helping you master advanced Portuguese tenses and past event sequencing.
Next, we'll move on to the Conditional Perfect (teria + participle), which gives you the power to express what would have happened but didn't. For example,
If I had had more time, I would have finished that task.
This skill helps you talk about regrets, missed opportunities, or any hypothetical past scenarios with ease, adding depth to your Portuguese grammar understanding. And finally, with the Future Perfect (terei + participle), we'll look ahead to a future where actions are already done and dusted. Picture saying,
By the end of this month, I will have finished my book.
It's perfect for planning or when you want to emphasize that something will be completed by a specific point in the future.
By the time you complete this chapter, you'll be able to dance with Portuguese tenses, speaking with incredible precision and nuance. You'll tell more captivating stories, express your plans with crystal clarity, and impress everyone with your advanced command of Portuguese. Are you ready to become a master of Portuguese timelines?

How This Grammar Works

This chapter focuses on completing actions across various timelines, allowing for nuanced expression in B2 Portuguese. We'll cover four key structures.
First, let's tackle The Past Before the Past (Pretérito Mais-que-perfeito). This tense, also known as the simple pluperfect, indicates an action completed before another past action. It’s often found in literature or more formal speech.
For example, Quando cheguei, ela já partira (When I arrived, she had already left). The action of leaving (partira) happened before the arrival (cheguei).
More commonly in spoken Portuguese, especially in Brazil, you'll encounter The Portuguese Pluperfect: The Past of the Past (tinha feito), also known as the compound pluperfect. This construction uses the imperfect of ter (to have) or haver (to have) followed by the past participle of the main verb. It carries the same meaning as the simple pluperfect but is much more frequent.
For instance, Quando cheguei, ela já tinha partido (When I arrived, she had already left). Both partira and tinha partido convey had left, but the latter is generally preferred in everyday conversation.
Next, we have the Portuguese Conditional Perfect: 'Would Have' (teria feito), or Condicional Composto. This tense is used to talk about hypothetical actions or situations in the past that did not occur. It expresses what would have happened under different circumstances.
It's formed with the conditional of ter (to have) plus the past participle. For example, Se eu tivesse sabido, eu teria vindo mais cedo (If I had known, I would have come earlier). It’s perfect for expressing regrets or missed opportunities.
Finally, we explore the Future Perfect:
I will have finished
(Terei feito), also known as the Futuro Composto. This tense describes an action that will be completed by a specific point in the future. It's formed with the future simple of ter (to have) plus the past participle.
Consider the sentence: Até amanhã, eu terei terminado o relatório (By tomorrow, I will have finished the report). This emphasizes the completion of the action before or by a future deadline, making it crucial for precise planning in Portuguese grammar.

Common Mistakes

  1. 1✗ Wrong:
    Quando cheguei, ele já foi.
✓ Correct:
Quando cheguei, ele já tinha ido.
(When I arrived, he had already gone.)
*Explanation:* Using the simple past (foi) incorrectly implies that his going happened *at the same time* or *after* your arrival. The compound pluperfect (tinha ido) correctly expresses that his departure occurred *before* your arrival, which is the intended meaning of had gone.
  1. 1✗ Wrong:
    Se eu soubesse, eu faria isso.
    (If I knew, I would do that.) - *when meaning 'would have done'*
✓ Correct:
Se eu tivesse sabido, eu teria feito isso.
(If I had known, I would have done that.)
*Explanation:* The first sentence uses the imperfect subjunctive and simple conditional, implying a hypothetical situation in the present or future. To express a hypothetical situation in the *past* that didn't happen (would have done), you need the pluperfect subjunctive (tivesse sabido) and the Conditional Perfect (teria feito).
  1. 1✗ Wrong:
    Eu terei escrevido a carta até à noite.
✓ Correct:
Eu terei escrito a carta até à noite.
(I will have written the letter by night.)
*Explanation:* This mistake involves using an incorrect past participle. While many participles end in -ado/-ido, some verbs have irregular forms. Escrever (to write) has the irregular participle escrito, not *escrevido*. Always double-check irregular participles!

Real Conversations

A

A

Você já tinha visitado Portugal antes de se mudar para cá? (Had you visited Portugal before moving here?)
B

B

Sim, eu já tinha vindo uma vez, mas nunca tinha morado aqui. (Yes, I had come once, but I had never lived here.)
A

A

Se tivéssemos mais tempo, o que teríamos feito? (If we had had more time, what would we have done?)
B

B

Ah, nós teríamos explorado mais a cidade e teríamos provado mais pratos locais! (Oh, we would have explored more of the city and would have tried more local dishes!)
A

A

Você acha que, até o final do ano, já terá aprendido a tocar violão? (Do you think that, by the end of the year, you will have already learned to play the guitar?)
B

B

Espero que sim! Até lá, terei praticado muito. (I hope so! By then, I will have practiced a lot.)

Quick FAQ

Q

What is the main difference between Pretérito Mais-que-perfeito simples and Pretérito Mais-que-perfeito composto?

The simple form (partira) is more formal and literary, while the compound form (tinha partido) is much more common in spoken Portuguese, especially in Brazil, to express an action completed before another past action.

Q

When should I use the Conditional Perfect (teria feito) instead of the simple Conditional (faria)?

Use teria feito for hypothetical actions in the past that did *not* happen (would have done). Use faria for hypothetical actions in the present or future (would do).

Q

Is the Future Perfect (terei feito) common in everyday spoken Portuguese?

While less frequent than other tenses, it is definitely used and understood, particularly when emphasizing that an action will be completed by a specific future point or deadline. It adds precision to your B2 Portuguese communication.

Q

How do I ensure correct participle agreement in these compound tenses?

With ter as the auxiliary verb (e.g., tinha partido, teria feito, terei terminado), the participle *does not* agree in gender or number with the subject or object. It remains in its masculine singular form. For example, Ela tinha ido, not *tinha ida*.

Cultural Context

In Portuguese, especially in Brazil, the Pretérito Mais-que-perfeito simples (partira) is largely relegated to formal writing, literature, and news headlines. In everyday conversation, the compound form (tinha partido) is almost universally preferred. This is a key distinction for sounding natural.
The Conditional Perfect and Future Perfect are used across all registers and regions, providing valuable tools for expressing complex past hypotheticals and future completed actions with precision and sophistication. Mastering these tenses will significantly enhance your ability to tell compelling stories and discuss intricate plans.

주요 예문 (6)

1

Eu teria ido ao show, mas não tinha dinheiro.

콘서트에 갔을 텐데, 돈이 없었어요.

포르투갈어 조건법 복합과거: '~했을 텐데' (teria feito)
2

Você teria cancelado o Uber?

당신이라면 우버를 취소했을 건가요?

포르투갈어 조건법 복합과거: '~했을 텐데' (teria feito)
3

Eu teria ido à festa, mas tive que estudar para o exame.

파티에 갔을 텐데, 시험 공부를 해야 했어요.

포르투갈어 조건 완료: '~했을 것이다' (Condicional Composto)
4

Nós teríamos chegado a tempo se o Uber não tivesse cancelado.

우버가 취소되지 않았다면 제시간에 도착했을 거예요.

포르투갈어 조건 완료: '~했을 것이다' (Condicional Composto)
5

Até o ano que vem, nós teremos comprado a casa.

내년까지 우리는 집을 샀을 거예요.

미래 완료: "~했을 것이다" (Terei feito)
6

Não se preocupe, às 10h eu já vou ter chegado.

걱정 마세요, 10시에는 이미 도착해 있을 거예요.

미래 완료: "~했을 것이다" (Terei feito)

팁과 요령 (4)

🎯

'Já'와 함께 쓰기

원어민들은 이 시제를 쓸 때 '이미'라는 뜻의 já를 거의 항상 함께 사용해서 문장의 맛을 살려요.
Eu já tinha visto
라고 하면 훨씬 자연스럽게 들린답니다.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 과거 이전의 과거 (Pretérito Mais-que-perfeito)
🎯

'Had' 지름길

영어의 'had + pp' 구문을 쓸 상황이라면 포르투갈어에서도 99% 'tinha + 과거분사'를 쓰면 돼요.
Eu tinha visto esse filme antes.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 포르투갈어 과거완료: 과거의 과거 (tinha feito)
⚠️

성별 변화는 잊으세요!

'ter' 동사와 함께 과거분사를 쓸 때는 주어가 여자든 남자든 끝을 바꾸지 않아요. Ela teria ido라고 하지, Ela teria ida라고 하지 않는답니다.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 포르투갈어 조건법 복합과거: '~했을 텐데' (teria feito)
💡

공식처럼 기억하세요

'Teria + ado/ido' 조합만 알아도 일상 대화의 80%는 해결돼요! 예를 들어 Eu teria falado.처럼 말이죠.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 포르투갈어 조건법 완료: "~했을 텐데"

핵심 어휘 (5)

antes before teria would have terei will have particípio participle conclusão conclusion

Real-World Preview

briefcase

Professional Planning

Review Summary

  • Root + -ara/-era/-ira
  • Tinha + Participle
  • Teria + Participle
  • Terei + Participle

자주 하는 실수

Double infinitive is incorrect. The auxiliary 'teria' is followed directly by the participle.

Wrong: Eu teria ter feito.
정답: Eu teria feito.

The auxiliary 'tinha' must be followed by the past participle, not the simple past.

Wrong: Eu tinha fiz.
정답: Eu tinha feito.

Always use the participle after 'terei'.

Wrong: Eu terei fiz.
정답: Eu terei feito.

이 챕터의 규칙 (7)

1

과거 이전의 과거 (Pretérito Mais-que-perfeito)

B2
일상 대화에서 '과거보다 더 과거'를 표현할 때는 tinha와 «과거분사»를 조합한 «복합 대과거»를 사용하세요.
Eu já tinha comido quando o Uber chegou.
10 예문
2

포르투갈어 과거완료: 과거의 과거 (tinha feito)

B2
과거 사건들의 순서를 정리해주는 마법의 도구예요. tinha feito가 먼저 일어난 일이고, 그 다음에 다른 과거 사건이 일어난다고 생각하세요.
Eu já tinha comido quando você me ligou.
10 예문
3

포르투갈어 조건법 복합과거: '~했을 텐데' (teria feito)

B2
과거에 일어나지 않은 일을 가정할 때는 teria와 «과거분사»라는 두 가지 마법 도구만 기억하세요.
Eu teria ido ao show, mas não tinha dinheiro.
10 예문
4

포르투갈어 조건법 완료: "~했을 텐데"

B2
과거에 일어나지 않은 일에 대한 후회나 가정을 말할 때는 teria 시리즈와 과거분사를 조합하세요. teria, teríamos, teriam 이 세 가지 열쇠가 문장을 완성해 줄 거예요!
Eu teria ligado, mas fiquei sem bateria.
12 예문
5

포르투갈어 조건 완료: '~했을 것이다' (Condicional Composto)

B2
일어나지 않은 과거의 가상 상황을 표현하는 마법의 도구예요. teria와 «과거분사»라는 두 가지 핵심 키워드만 기억하세요!
Eu teria ido à festa, mas tive que estudar para o...
10 예문
6

미래 완료: "~했을 것이다" (Terei feito)

B2
미래의 어느 지점에서 과거를 돌아보며 '이미 상황 종료!'라고 말하고 싶을 때 terei feito나 vou ter feito를 사용하세요.
Até o ano que vem, nós teremos comprado a casa.
10 예문
7

포르투갈어 미래 완료: '~했을 것이다' (Futuro Composto)

B2
미래의 특정 '마감 기한'이나 '사건의 순서'를 명확하게 보여주는 도구예요. ter와 «과거분사»라는 두 가지 재료만 있으면 완벽해요!
Até amanhã à noite, eu terei terminado de assistir...
10 예문

Next Steps

Congratulations! You have officially finished the B2 level. You are now equipped to navigate complex conversations with ease. Keep practicing!

Write a diary entry for the future.

Continue to: Polishing Your Expression

빠른 연습 (10)

불규칙 동사의 오류를 찾아 수정하세요.

Nós teríamos fazido o jantar se você pedisse.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Nós teríamos feito o jantar se você pedisse.
'fazer'의 과거분사는 불규칙형인 'feito'입니다. 'fazido'는 틀린 표현이에요.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 포르투갈어 조건법 복합과거: '~했을 텐데' (teria feito)

빈칸에 알맞은 과거 조건 완료 형태를 채워 넣으세요.

Eu ___ (comprar) o carro se tivesse o dinheiro.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: teria comprado
'ter'의 조건법(teria)과 'comprar'의 규칙 과거분사(comprado)가 필요해요.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 포르투갈어 조건법 복합과거: '~했을 텐데' (teria feito)

과거분사 형태의 오류를 찾아 고치세요.

Find and fix the mistake:

Ele terá fazido o jantar.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Ele terá feito o jantar.
'Fazer'는 불규칙 동사예요. 과거분사는 'fazido'가 아니라 'feito'입니다.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 미래 완료: "~했을 것이다" (Terei feito)

빈칸에 조건법 완료의 올바른 형태를 채워 넣으세요.

Se eu tivesse dinheiro, eu ___ (comprar) aquele celular novo.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: teria comprado
'샀을 텐데'라는 의미를 만들려면 조동사 'ter'의 조건법(teria)과 과거분사(comprado)가 필요해요.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 포르투갈어 조건 완료: '~했을 것이다' (Condicional Composto)

과거의 후회를 올바르게 표현한 문장을 고르세요.

올바른 문장을 선택하세요:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Eu teria falado com ela se a tivesse visto ontem.
과거의 가상 상황을 말할 때는 'teria + 과거분사'와 'tivesse + 과거분사'를 짝지어 사용합니다.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 포르투갈어 조건 완료: '~했을 것이다' (Condicional Composto)

주어 'Nós'에 맞춰 문장을 완성하세요.

Nós ___ (viajar) para o Japão em 2020.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: teríamos viajado
'Nós'에 맞는 조동사(teríamos)와 'viajar'의 과거분사(viajado)를 조합하세요.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 포르투갈어 조건법 복합과거: '~했을 텐데' (teria feito)

미래 완료(격식체)를 사용하여 문장을 완성하세요.

Até amanhã, eu ___ (ler) o livro todo.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: terei lido
'Eu'에 맞는 조동사 'terei'와 'ler'의 과거분사인 'lido'가 합쳐져야 해요.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 미래 완료: "~했을 것이다" (Terei feito)

동작이 완료되었음을 나타내는 문장은 무엇일까요?

다음 중 알맞은 옵션을 고르세요:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Eu terei trabalhado até as 5.
'Trabalharei'는 그때 일을 할 것이라는 뜻이고, 'Terei trabalhado'는 그때까지의 업무량이 완료/축적되었음을 의미해요.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 미래 완료: "~했을 것이다" (Terei feito)

동사 변화의 오류를 찾아 수정하세요.

Find and fix the mistake:

Nós teria feito o trabalho se tivéssemos tempo.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Nós teríamos feito
주어가 'Nós'이므로 조동사는 'teríamos'가 되어야 하고, 'fazer'의 과거분사는 불규칙인 'feito'입니다.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 포르투갈어 조건 완료: '~했을 것이다' (Condicional Composto)

과거 조건 완료를 올바르게 사용한 문장은 무엇인가요?

가장 문법적으로 올바른 문장을 고르세요:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Ela teria ido à festa.
과거분사 'ido'는 여성형 'ida'로 변하지 않고 남성 단수형으로 유지됩니다.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 포르투갈어 조건법 복합과거: '~했을 텐데' (teria feito)

Score: /10

자주 묻는 질문 (6)

과거의 어떤 시점보다 더 일어난 일, 즉 '대과거'를 나타내는 시제예요. 예를 들어 «그녀가 전화했을 때 나는 이미 일을 끝냈었다»라고 말하고 싶을 때 사용하죠:
Eu já tinha terminado o trabalho cuando ela ligou.
단순형(falara)은 주로 문학 작품이나 뉴스 같은 아주 딱딱한 글에서만 쓰여요. 반면 복합형(tinha falado)은 일상생활에서 누구나 쓰는 자연스러운 표현이랍니다.
'tinha feito'는 다른 과거 시점보다 더 전에 한 일이고, 'tenho feito'는 최근부터 지금까지 쭉 해오고 있는 일을 말해요.
Eu tinha feito o bolo.
아니요! 복합 대과거에서 과거분사는 항상 '-o'로 끝납니다. Ela tinha falado.라고 해야지 'falada'라고 하지 않아요.
직역하면 '~했을 것이다'라는 뜻이에요. 과거에 가능했지만 실제로 일어나지 않은 일을 설명할 때 사용한답니다.
Eu teria ajudado você.
현대 포르투갈어에서는 항상 'ter'를 쓰세요. 'haveria'는 문학적인 표현이라 일상에서는 'teria'가 훨씬 자연스러워요. Eu teria avisado.
이전 챕터
Hypotheticals and Polite Requests
다음 챕터
Polishing Your Expression
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