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B1 adjective 7分で読める

bewust

例文 bewust 30秒で
解説 bewust in your Level:
At the A1 level, the word 'bewust' is generally introduced as a simple translation for 'aware' or 'on purpose'. Beginners learn this word to express basic states of knowing something or doing something intentionally. You might hear it in very simple sentences like 'Ik doe dit bewust' (I do this on purpose). At this stage, the focus is not on the complex reflexive grammar, but rather on recognizing the word when native speakers use it to ask if you meant to do something. It is a highly useful adjective to understand early on, as it helps clarify intentions in basic communication. Teachers often contrast it with 'per ongeluk' (by accident) to establish a clear binary of intent. For example, if you drop a glass, someone might ask, 'Deed je dat bewust?' (Did you do that on purpose?), and you would reply, 'Nee, per ongeluk!' (No, by accident!). It serves as a foundational building block for expressing volition and basic awareness in the Dutch language.
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Moving into the A2 level, learners begin to encounter 'bewust' in more structured sentences, particularly as an adjective modifying nouns. You learn to apply the '-e' ending to make 'bewuste', as in 'een bewuste keuze' (a conscious choice). This is a vital step in descriptive Dutch. You also start seeing it in compound words related to everyday topics, such as 'milieubewust' (environmentally conscious), which is essential vocabulary for navigating Dutch society, recycling, and shopping. At A2, the concept of being aware of something is introduced, though the full reflexive grammar might still be challenging. You learn phrases like 'bewust leven' (living consciously) in the context of health and lifestyle topics. The distinction between doing something accidentally versus deliberately becomes more nuanced, and you are expected to use 'bewust' to explain your own actions and choices in simple past and present tenses, enhancing your ability to narrate personal experiences accurately.
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At the B1 level, 'bewust' becomes a core component of your active vocabulary, and mastery of its reflexive form is expected. You must learn and comfortably use the structure 'zich bewust zijn van' (to be aware of). This involves conjugating the verb 'zijn', selecting the correct reflexive pronoun, and using the preposition 'van'. Sentences like 'Ik ben me bewust van het probleem' (I am aware of the problem) are standard B1 fare. You also begin to use it as an adverb to modify verbs heavily, expressing deliberate action in professional or academic contexts. The word is pivotal for expressing opinions, participating in discussions about societal issues, and demonstrating a clear understanding of cause and effect. At this intermediate stage, you should also be able to distinguish 'bewust' from false friends like 'geweten' (conscience) and use it to articulate your awareness of rules, cultural norms, and personal responsibilities in the Netherlands.
In the B2 phase, your use of 'bewust' should become highly nuanced and fluid. You are expected to seamlessly integrate it into complex subordinate clauses, handling the intricate word order that comes with reflexive verbs. For example: 'Hoewel hij zich er volledig van bewust was, deed hij het toch' (Even though he was fully aware of it, he did it anyway). You will frequently encounter and use 'bewust' in debates, abstract discussions, and professional environments to discuss strategy, intentionality, and cognitive awareness. The vocabulary expands to include related nouns like 'bewustwording' (awareness creation) and 'onderbewustzijn' (subconscious). You must also accurately employ synonyms like 'doelbewust', 'opzettelijk', and 'weloverwogen' to add precision to your speech and writing. At B2, 'bewust' is no longer just a vocabulary word; it is a tool for sophisticated argumentation and expressing deep psychological or strategic insights.
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At the C1 advanced level, 'bewust' is utilized with native-like precision across all registers, from highly formal academic writing to nuanced colloquial speech. You manipulate the word effortlessly in passive constructions and complex hypothetical scenarios. The focus shifts to the subtle connotations of the word in different contexts. For instance, understanding the philosophical implications of 'het bewuste' (the conscious mind) versus 'het onbewuste' (the unconscious). You use phrases like 'zich terdege bewust zijn van' (to be thoroughly aware of) to emphasize deep comprehension in formal negotiations or academic papers. The word is also used to critique societal trends, such as 'de bewustwordingscampagne' (the awareness campaign). At this level, errors with prepositions or reflexive pronouns are non-existent, and you can play with the word stylistically to create emphasis, irony, or profound analytical statements regarding human behavior and societal shifts.
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At the C2 mastery level, 'bewust' is deeply integrated into your linguistic repertoire, allowing for profound literary, philosophical, and psychological discourse. You command the word in its most abstract forms, discussing theories of consciousness ('bewustzijnstheorieën') and the intricacies of human intentionality. You can effortlessly dissect texts where 'bewust' is used to imply culpability in legal documents or subtle character motivations in literature. Your vocabulary includes highly specialized compounds and derivations. You understand the historical and cultural weight of the word in Dutch literature and philosophy. At this ultimate stage of fluency, your usage reflects a complete internalization of the Dutch mindset regarding awareness, responsibility, and cognitive state, allowing you to express the most complex, abstract thoughts with the exact same nuance, elegance, and precision as a highly educated native speaker.
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例文

bewust 30秒で

  • Means 'aware' when used with 'zich' and 'van'.
  • Means 'deliberate' or 'on purpose' as an adverb.
  • Means 'conscious' in a medical or mental state.
  • Forms many compounds like 'milieubewust' (eco-friendly).

The Dutch word bewust is a highly versatile adjective and adverb that translates primarily to conscious, aware, or deliberate in English. It forms the foundation of many expressions regarding human cognition, intentionality, and awareness of one's surroundings or actions. When you use this word, you are indicating that an action was not an accident, or that a person is fully informed and awake to a particular reality. This dual nature—meaning both 'awake/aware' and 'intentional'—makes it a cornerstone of intermediate Dutch vocabulary.

State of Mind
Being awake or medically conscious, though often 'bij bewustzijn' is used for the medical state.

De patiënt is weer bewust na de operatie.

More commonly, it refers to cognitive awareness. If you are aware of a problem, you are 'bewust van' that problem. This reflexive usage is extremely common in daily Dutch conversation.

Cognitive Awareness
Knowing about a situation, fact, or problem. Usually paired with the reflexive pronoun 'zich'.

Ik ben me bewust van de risico's.

The third major meaning is intentionality. When you make a 'bewuste keuze' (a conscious choice), you have weighed your options and decided deliberately. This is frequently used in marketing, politics, and personal development contexts in the Netherlands.

Intentionality
Doing something on purpose, with full knowledge of the consequences.

Zij heeft die beslissing heel bewust genomen.

Understanding these three pillars—state of mind, awareness, and intentionality—will allow you to navigate most conversations involving this word. It is a word that signals maturity, responsibility, and thoughtfulness in Dutch culture, which values directness and informed decision-making.

Een bewust leven leiden is belangrijk.

Hij deed het niet bewust.

Grammatically, bewust functions seamlessly as both an adjective and an adverb, which dictates its placement and inflection in a sentence. When used as an adjective modifying a noun, it follows the standard Dutch adjective inflection rules. If it precedes a 'de' word or a plural noun, it gets an '-e' at the end, becoming 'bewuste'. If it precedes a 'het' word with the indefinite article 'een', it remains 'bewust'.

Adjective Inflection
De bewuste keuze (The conscious choice). Een bewust besluit (A conscious decision).

Dat is een bewuste strategie van het bedrijf.

When used as an adverb, describing how an action is performed, it never takes the '-e' ending. It modifies the verb to indicate that the action was done intentionally or deliberately. In this form, it is often placed after the finite verb and before the object, following standard Dutch adverbial placement rules.

Adverbial Use
Modifying a verb to mean 'intentionally'.

Ik heb dat bewust genegeerd.

The most complex structure for learners is the reflexive formulation: 'zich bewust zijn van'. This requires conjugating the verb 'zijn' (to be), matching the reflexive pronoun to the subject (me, je, zich, ons, jullie, zich), and using the preposition 'van'. The word order can be tricky in subordinate clauses.

Reflexive Structure
Subject + zijn + reflexive pronoun + bewust + van + object.

Wij zijn ons bewust van de gevaren.

Omdat hij zich daar bewust van is, zwijgt hij.

Zij werd zich plotseling bewust van de stilte.

In modern Dutch society, bewust is everywhere, heavily driven by cultural shifts towards sustainability, mindfulness, and personal responsibility. You will encounter it constantly in supermarkets, news broadcasts, and casual conversations. The Dutch value transparency and making informed choices, which naturally elevates the frequency of this word in daily life.

Sustainability
Used as a suffix in compound words to denote being eco-friendly or socially responsible.

Zij is erg milieubewust en eet geen vlees.

In the workplace, it is used to discuss strategy and intent. Managers and colleagues will ask if a decision was made deliberately. It removes the ambiguity of accidents. If a mistake happens, someone might ask if it was done 'bewust' to determine fault or malice.

Professional Context
Discussing deliberate actions, strategies, and calculated risks.

We hebben bewust gekozen voor deze leverancier.

In the realm of personal development and psychology, 'bewust leven' (living consciously) or 'bewustwording' (awareness creation) are massive buzzwords. Mindfulness courses, yoga studios, and self-help books in the Netherlands rely heavily on this vocabulary to encourage people to live in the present moment.

Personal Development
Focusing on mental presence, mindfulness, and intentional living.

Probeer meer bewust te ademen tijdens de oefening.

De campagne is bedoeld voor bewustwording.

Hij is een zeer modebewuste man.

Because bewust translates to multiple English concepts, English speakers frequently make specific structural and semantic errors. The most common mistake is forgetting the reflexive pronoun when saying 'I am aware'. In English, you say 'I am aware', but in Dutch, you cannot just say 'Ik ben bewust'. You must say 'Ik ben me bewust'. The awareness is reflexive; you are aware to yourself.

Missing Reflexive
Translating 'I am aware' directly without 'me/zich'.

FOUT: Ik ben bewust van het probleem. GOED: Ik ben me bewust van het probleem.

Another frequent error involves confusing it with the noun 'bewustzijn' (consciousness) or 'geweten' (conscience). English 'conscience' (the moral sense of right and wrong) sounds like 'conscious', but in Dutch, they are entirely different words. Your moral compass is your 'geweten', not your 'bewust'.

False Friends
Confusing conscious (bewust) with conscience (geweten).

Hij heeft een slecht geweten (niet: een slecht bewust).

Lastly, learners struggle with the preposition. In English, you are aware 'of' something. In Dutch, it is 'bewust van'. Using 'over' or 'om' is a direct translation error that immediately marks you as a non-native speaker. Memorize the chunk 'zich bewust zijn van' as a single unbreakable unit.

Wrong Preposition
Using 'over' instead of 'van'.

Zij is zich bewust van (niet: over) de situatie.

Ben je je daarvan bewust?

Ik was me nergens van bewust.

While bewust is highly versatile, Dutch offers several nuanced alternatives depending on whether you mean 'deliberate', 'intentional', or 'awake'. Understanding these synonyms will elevate your Dutch from B1 to B2 and C1 levels. When focusing purely on the intentionality of an action, words like 'opzettelijk' and 'expres' are frequently used, especially in legal or negative contexts.

Expres
Informal, often used by children or in casual speech to mean 'on purpose'.

Sorry, ik deed het niet expres. (Ik deed het niet bewust).

For more formal or legal contexts where malicious intent is implied, 'opzettelijk' is the correct term. If someone causes damage intentionally, the police will use 'opzettelijk', whereas 'bewust' is more neutral and can apply to positive choices.

Opzettelijk
Formal, legal term for intentional, often with negative consequences.

De brand was opzettelijk aangestoken. (Sterker dan bewust).

Another excellent alternative is 'doelbewust', which adds the layer of having a specific goal (doel). It translates best to 'purposeful' or 'calculated'. If a football player makes a calculated foul, it is 'doelbewust'.

Doelbewust
Purposeful, with a clear goal in mind.

Hij werkte doelbewust naar zijn promotie toe.

Zij koos doelbewust voor de moeilijke route.

Ik heb hem onbewust gekwetst.

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レベル別の例文

1

Ik doe dit bewust.

I do this on purpose.

Used as an adverb modifying the verb 'doe'.

2

Is hij bewust?

Is he conscious?

Used as a simple adjective for medical state.

3

Dat was een bewuste keuze.

That was a conscious choice.

Adjective with '-e' ending before a 'de' word.

4

Nee, ik deed het niet bewust.

No, I didn't do it on purpose.

Negation of the adverbial use.

5

Zij eet heel bewust.

She eats very consciously (healthily).

Adverb modifying 'eet'.

6

Een bewust leven is goed.

A conscious life is good.

No '-e' because 'leven' is a 'het' word with 'een'.

7

Deed je dat bewust?

Did you do that on purpose?

Question form with adverb.

8

Ik ben een bewuste koper.

I am a conscious buyer.

Adjective describing a person.

1

Wij zijn erg milieubewust.

We are very environmentally conscious.

Compound adjective with 'milieu'.

2

Hij kocht die auto heel bewust.

He bought that car very deliberately.

Adverb modifying past tense verb.

3

Dat is geen bewuste actie geweest.

That was not a deliberate action.

Present perfect tense with adjective.

4

Ik probeer bewust te ademen.

I try to breathe consciously.

Adverb with 'te' infinitive.

5

Zij is zich daar niet van bewust.

She is not aware of that.

Introduction of reflexive structure with 'daar...van'.

6

We moeten bewuster met geld omgaan.

We must handle money more consciously.

Comparative form 'bewuster'.

7

Het was een bewuste beslissing om te verhuizen.

It was a conscious decision to move.

Adjective modifying 'beslissing'.

8

Leef jij bewust?

Do you live consciously?

Simple present question.

1

Ik ben me volledig bewust van de risico's.

I am fully aware of the risks.

Full reflexive structure: me bewust van.

2

Zij heeft bewust informatie achtergehouden.

She deliberately withheld information.

Adverb in present perfect tense.

3

De overheid start een campagne voor bewustwording.

The government is starting an awareness campaign.

Noun derived from the adjective (bewustwording).

4

Ben jij je bewust van wat je zegt?

Are you aware of what you are saying?

Reflexive question with a subclause.

5

We hebben er bewust voor gekozen om klein te wonen.

We consciously chose to live small.

Pronominal adverb 'ervoor' split by 'bewust'.

6

Hij was buiten bewustzijn na de val.

He was unconscious after the fall.

Noun phrase 'buiten bewustzijn' (unconscious).

7

Prijsbewuste consumenten vergelijken altijd de aanbiedingen.

Price-conscious consumers always compare the offers.

Compound adjective in plural form.

8

Ik deed het onbewust, sorry.

I did it unconsciously/without realizing, sorry.

Antonym 'onbewust' used as an adverb.

1

Hoewel ik me er bewust van was, vergat ik het toch.

Although I was aware of it, I still forgot it.

Subordinate clause with split pronominal adverb 'er...van'.

2

De dader heeft het slachtoffer doelbewust misleid.

The perpetrator purposefully misled the victim.

Synonym 'doelbewust' for stronger intent.

3

Het vergroten van het veiligheidsbewustzijn is cruciaal.

Increasing safety awareness is crucial.

Complex compound noun 'veiligheidsbewustzijn'.

4

Zij liet hem bewust in de waan dat alles goed was.

She deliberately let him believe that everything was fine.

Adverb modifying an idiomatic expression.

5

Je moet je er terdege van bewust zijn dat dit consequenties heeft.

You must be thoroughly aware that this has consequences.

Intensifier 'terdege' used with the reflexive structure.

6

Zijn we ons wel voldoende bewust van onze ecologische voetafdruk?

Are we sufficiently aware of our ecological footprint?

Reflexive question with modal particles.

7

Het was een weloverwogen en bewuste strategie.

It was a well-considered and conscious strategy.

Paired adjectives for emphasis.

8

Veel processen in ons brein verlopen onbewust.

Many processes in our brain occur unconsciously.

Scientific/psychological context.

1

De auteur speelt bewust met de verwachtingen van de lezer.

The author deliberately plays with the reader's expectations.

Literary analysis context.

2

Men is zich in toenemende mate bewust van de maatschappelijke ongelijkheid.

People are increasingly aware of societal inequality.

Formal passive-like structure with 'men' and 'in toenemende mate'.

3

Zijn opmerking was een bewuste provocatie om een reactie uit te lokken.

His remark was a deliberate provocation to elicit a reaction.

Advanced vocabulary integration (provocatie, uitlokken).

4

Het collectieve onderbewuste speelt een grote rol in deze theorie.

The collective subconscious plays a large role in this theory.

Substantivated adjective 'onderbewuste'.

5

Zij onttrok zich bewust aan haar verantwoordelijkheden.

She deliberately evaded her responsibilities.

Adverb with formal reflexive verb 'zich onttrekken aan'.

6

Zonder dat we het beseffen, worden we continu onbewust beïnvloed.

Without realizing it, we are continuously influenced unconsciously.

Passive voice with adverbial modifier.

7

Het vereist een grote mate van zelfbewustzijn om je eigen fouten toe te geven.

It requires a high degree of self-awareness to admit your own mistakes.

Abstract noun phrase 'mate van zelfbewustzijn'.

8

De beleidsmakers hebben deze maas in de wet bewust in stand gehouden.

The policymakers deliberately maintained this loophole in the law.

Formal political context with complex verb 'in stand houden'.

1

De filosoof betoogt dat het louter bewuste handelen een illusie is.

The philosopher argues that purely conscious action is an illusion.

Academic phrasing with 'louter' and substantivated adjective.

2

Zij manoeuvreerde zich bewust in een positie van onmisbaarheid.

She deliberately maneuvered herself into a position of indispensability.

Highly sophisticated vocabulary and reflexive structure.

3

Het is de vraag in hoeverre de verdachte zich ten tijde van het delict bewust was van zijn handelen.

The question is to what extent the suspect was aware of his actions at the time of the crime.

Legal jargon, complex prepositional phrase 'ten tijde van'.

4

Deze stroming in de psychologie tracht het onbewuste bloot te leggen door middel van droomanalyse.

This school of psychology attempts to expose the unconscious through dream analysis.

Academic psychological discourse.

5

Door het bewust cultiveren van een aura van mysterie, wist de kunstenaar zijn marktwaarde te verhogen.

By deliberately cultivating an aura of mystery, the artist managed to increase his market value.

Gerund phrase 'het bewust cultiveren'.

6

De ambiguïteit in het verdrag is er destijds bewust ingeslopen om een compromis te forceren.

The ambiguity in the treaty deliberately crept in at the time to force a compromise.

Complex passive-like construction with 'er...ingeslopen'.

7

Zijn schijnbare nonchalance was een uiterst bewuste pose.

His apparent nonchalance was an extremely deliberate pose.

Literary description using 'uiterst'.

8

Men kan zich niet onttrekken aan de indruk dat dit beleid doelbewust is georkestreerd.

One cannot escape the impression that this policy was purposefully orchestrated.

Highly formal critique with advanced verbs.

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