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A2 adjective 13分で読める

totaal

練習する例文メモとヒント totaal 30秒で

解説 totaal in your Level:

At the A1 level, you will mostly see 'totaal' used in the context of numbers and basic shopping. It is a very helpful word because it sounds like the English word 'total'. You will use it to ask for the final price of things or to say how many items there are in a group. For example, if you buy three apples and two pears, you have five pieces of fruit 'in totaal'. At this stage, you don't need to worry about complex grammar. Just remember the phrase 'in totaal' and use it at the end of your sentences when counting things. It helps people understand that you are finished with your list. You might also hear it in very simple sentences about your feelings, like 'Ik ben totaal moe' (I am totally tired), although 'heel moe' is more common for beginners. Focus on recognizing the word when you are at a store or looking at a receipt. The 'aa' sound is long, like in the word 'kaas' (cheese), so make sure to stretch it out when you speak. This word will give you confidence because it is so similar to English, making it one of the easiest Dutch words to add to your vocabulary right away.

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At the A2 level, you start using 'totaal' more actively as an adjective and an adverb. You will learn that the word can change slightly. When you put it before a 'de-word' like 'som' (sum) or 'prijs' (price), it becomes 'totale'. For example: 'De totale prijs is twintig euro.' This is an important step in learning Dutch grammar called 'adjective inflection'. You will also use 'totaal' to make your sentences stronger. Instead of just saying 'Ik weet het niet' (I don't know it), you can say 'Ik weet het totaal niet' (I totally don't know it). This shows that you have no idea at all. You will also encounter 'totaal' in common phrases like 'totaal anders' (totally different). If you are comparing two things, like two cities or two types of food, you can say they are 'totaal anders' to show there is a big difference. At A2, you are moving beyond simple counting and starting to use the word to express opinions and degrees of certainty. It's a great 'power word' to make your Dutch sound more expressive without needing to learn very difficult new grammar rules.

By the B1 level, you should be comfortable using 'totaal' in a variety of social and professional settings. You will use it to describe abstract concepts, such as a 'totale verrassing' (total surprise) or 'totale chaos' (total chaos). At this level, you start to notice the difference between 'totaal' and its synonyms like 'volledig' or 'compleet'. You will use 'totaal' specifically when you want to emphasize the absolute nature of a state. For example, in a work meeting, you might say, 'Ik ben het totaal niet eens met dit voorstel' (I totally disagree with this proposal). This sounds very firm and clear. You will also use the word in compound nouns like 'totaalplaatje' (the total picture/big picture). This is a very common Dutch word used when you want to look at a situation as a whole rather than just focusing on one small part. You will also hear 'totaal' in the news more often, especially when they talk about 'de totale bevolking' (the total population) or 'het totale budget' (the total budget). Your goal at B1 is to use 'totaal' to add nuance and emphasis to your arguments, making your Dutch sound more natural and persuasive.

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At the B2 level, you are expected to use 'totaal' with precision and stylistic flair. You understand that 'totaal' serves as a powerful intensifier that can change the tone of a sentence. You might use it to express irony or to emphasize a point in a debate. For instance, you could say, 'Het is totaal onaanvaardbaar dat dit is gebeurd' (It is totally unacceptable that this happened). Here, 'totaal' adds a moral weight to your statement. You are also aware of the 'register' of the word—it is common in both spoken and written Dutch, but you know when to swap it for a more formal synonym like 'algeheel' in a legal or academic text. You can handle complex sentence structures where 'totaal' modifies a past participle or an infinitive at the end of a clause: 'Ik had niet verwacht dat de situatie totaal zou escaleren' (I had not expected that the situation would totally escalate). At this stage, you also recognize 'totaal' in more idiomatic expressions and can use it to describe complex systems or holistic theories. Your usage of 'totaal' reflects a deep understanding of Dutch sentence rhythm and emphasis.

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At the C1 level, your use of 'totaal' is sophisticated and nuanced. You use it to discuss complex, multifaceted topics where the 'totality' of a concept is at stake. You might use it in academic contexts to describe 'totale systemen' (total systems) or 'totale instituties' (total institutions) in sociology. You are adept at using 'totaal' to create rhetorical effects, such as using it in a series of intensifying adverbs to build a climax in a speech. You also understand the subtle semantic differences between 'totaal', 'integraal', and 'exhaustief'. For example, you would know that an 'integraal plan' implies a plan where all parts are interconnected, whereas a 'totaal plan' might simply mean a plan that covers everything. You can also use 'totaal' to describe philosophical concepts of wholeness and being. Your vocabulary is rich enough that you don't over-rely on 'totaal', but rather use it strategically when you want to signal absolute aggregate or complete state. You are also sensitive to the historical and cultural connotations of the word, such as its use in 'totale oorlog' (total war), and you use it with appropriate gravity when discussing such topics.

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At the C2 level, you have a masterly command of 'totaal' and its place within the vast landscape of the Dutch language. You can use it with the same ease and subtlety as a highly educated native speaker. You might employ it in literary analysis to discuss the 'totale beleving' (total experience) of a work of art, or in scientific discourse to describe 'totale entropie'. You are capable of using 'totaal' in highly formal, archaic, or poetic ways if the context demands it. You understand how the word interacts with Dutch prosody—how the stress on 'totaal' can change the meaning or emphasis of a whole paragraph. You can also play with the word, perhaps using it in puns or creative writing to explore its literal and metaphorical boundaries. At this level, 'totaal' is no longer just a vocabulary word; it is a precision instrument that you use to sculpt your thoughts with absolute clarity and stylistic perfection. You can effortlessly navigate between its use as a mundane statistical term and its use as a profound descriptor of the human condition, all while maintaining perfect grammatical and idiomatic accuracy.

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練習する例文メモとヒント

totaal 30秒で

Totaal means 'total' or 'complete' in Dutch. It is used for sums, counts, and as a strong intensifier for emotions or states.
As an adjective, it changes to 'totale' before de-words and plurals. As an adverb, it remains 'totaal' and means 'completely'.
Common phrases include 'in totaal' (altogether), 'totaal niet' (not at all), and 'totaalplaatje' (the big picture).
It is a 'true friend' for English speakers but requires attention to adjective endings and its role as a powerful emphatic tool.

The Dutch word totaal is a versatile building block of the Dutch language, primarily serving as an adjective, an adverb, and occasionally a noun. At its core, it signifies the entirety, the whole amount, or the complete state of something without any omission. For English speakers, it is a 'true friend' because it looks and sounds very similar to the English word 'total,' but its application in Dutch conversation is often more frequent and varied than its English counterpart. When you are at a market in Amsterdam and the vendor says, 'Dat is tien euro in totaal,' they are using the noun form to indicate the sum of your purchases. However, the word truly shines in its adverbial form, where it acts as an intensifier, much like 'completely' or 'totally' in English.

Adjectival Use: When used as an adjective, 'totaal' describes a noun as being complete or representing the whole sum. For example, 'de totale kosten' (the total costs). Note that when it precedes a 'de-word' or a plural, it takes the inflectional -e, becoming 'totale'.
Adverbial Use: As an adverb, it modifies verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs to indicate degree. 'Ik ben het totaal vergeten' (I have totally forgotten it). It adds a layer of absolute certainty or finality to the statement.
Noun Phrase: The phrase 'in totaal' is ubiquitous in Dutch, used to summarize quantities, prices, or time. It is the standard way to express 'altogether' or 'in total'.

De totale som van de factuur was lager dan verwacht.

The total sum of the invoice was lower than expected.

In everyday Dutch life, you will encounter 'totaal' in various registers. In a formal business meeting, a manager might discuss the 'totale winst' (total profit). In a casual setting, a friend might describe a movie as 'totaal idioot' (totally idiotic). The word carries a sense of finality. It doesn't just mean 'a lot'; it means 'all of it' or 'completely.' This distinction is crucial for learners to grasp. While 'heel' (very) indicates a high degree, 'totaal' indicates a 100% threshold. If someone is 'totaal uitgeput' (totally exhausted), they have no energy left whatsoever.

Ik heb totaal geen honger meer na die grote lunch.

I have absolutely no hunger left after that big lunch.

Furthermore, 'totaal' is used in the context of 'het totaalplaatje' (the big picture). This is a common compound noun used when one wants to look at all aspects of a situation rather than just focusing on details. It suggests a holistic view. Whether you are talking about mathematics, emotions, or logistics, 'totaal' provides the linguistic tool to encompass everything into a single, unified concept. It is a word of closure and comprehensiveness.

Register Variation: In slang, 'totaal' can be used as a standalone exclamation of agreement, though this is less common than 'precies' or 'inderdaad'. In academic writing, it is used to define the scope of a study or the aggregate of data points.

De totale zonsverduistering was een prachtig natuurverschijnsel.

The total solar eclipse was a beautiful natural phenomenon.

Het is totaal onmogelijk om hier te parkeren.

It is totally impossible to park here.

Using 'totaal' correctly requires an understanding of Dutch syntax, especially regarding its placement and the inflection of adjectives. When 'totaal' functions as an attributive adjective (placed before a noun), it must agree with the noun's gender and number. For neuter nouns (het-words) in the singular with an indefinite article 'een', it remains 'totaal'. For all other cases—definite neuter nouns, all common nouns (de-words), and all plurals—it becomes 'totale'.

Attributive Examples: 'Een totaal succes' (A total success - neuter), 'De totale lengte' (The total length - common), 'De totale kosten' (The total costs - plural).

Wat is het totale aantal deelnemers aan de marathon?

What is the total number of participants in the marathon?

When 'totaal' is used as an adverb, it does not change its form. It is often placed before the adjective or verb it modifies. In Dutch sentence structure, adverbs of degree usually follow the main verb in simple sentences or precede the past participle in perfect tenses. For example, 'Ik begrijp het totaal' (I understand it totally) vs. 'Ik heb het totaal begrepen' (I have totally understood it). Interestingly, 'totaal' can also be paired with 'niet' to create a strong negation: 'totaal niet'. This is more emphatic than simply saying 'niet'.

Zij hebben totaal verschillende meningen over de politiek.

They have totally different opinions about politics.

Another common pattern is 'totaal' used in combination with 'geen' (none). This construction, 'totaal geen [noun]', is the standard way to say 'absolutely no [noun]'. For instance, if you have no interest in sports, you would say 'Ik heb totaal geen interesse in sport.' This sounds much more natural and native than using words like 'absoluut' in this specific context. It's a hallmark of A2-B1 level proficiency to start using 'totaal' to add nuance and weight to your statements.

Comparisons: 'Heel anders' (very different) vs 'Totaal anders' (completely different). The latter suggests there is no overlap at all between the two things being compared.

De nieuwe wet is totaal onduidelijk voor de burgers.

The new law is totally unclear to the citizens.

In more complex sentences, such as those with subordinate clauses, 'totaal' remains near the element it modifies. 'Omdat het totaal regende, bleven we binnen' (Because it was raining totally/completely, we stayed inside). While 'hard regende' might be more common for intensity, 'totaal' can be used to describe the completeness of a situation, such as being 'totaal nat' (soaked through). Mastery of 'totaal' involves knowing when to use it for mathematical sums versus emotional or descriptive extremes.

Er waren totaal vijftig mensen op het feest.

There were fifty people in total at the party.

Dat was een totaal onverwachte wending in het verhaal.

That was a totally unexpected turn in the story.

If you spend a day in a Dutch-speaking environment, you will hear 'totaal' in a surprising variety of contexts. It is one of those 'utility words' that bridges the gap between formal administration and casual street talk. In the Dutch retail sector, 'totaal' is king. When you checkout at a 'supermarkt' like Albert Heijn or Jumbo, the self-scan machine or the cashier will inevitably mention the 'totaalbedrag'. It is the final word before the transaction is completed, signifying the end of the calculation process.

In the Media: News anchors frequently use 'totaal' when reporting on statistics. You might hear: 'Het totale aantal besmettingen is gedaald' (The total number of infections has decreased) or 'De totale schade bedraagt miljoenen' (The total damage amounts to millions).

De totale kosten van het project zijn nog niet bekend.

The total costs of the project are not yet known.

In the workplace, 'totaal' is used to define project scopes or to express complete agreement or disagreement during brainstorms. A colleague might say, 'Ik ben het totaal met je eens' (I totally agree with you) to show strong support for an idea. Conversely, 'Dat is een totaal ander verhaal' (That is a totally different story) is a common way to steer a conversation away from an irrelevant topic. It functions as a linguistic boundary marker, separating one concept entirely from another.

De ploeg speelde met totale inzet tot de laatste minuut.

The team played with total commitment until the last minute.

In social settings, the word is often used for dramatic effect. Young people might use it to emphasize their feelings about a social situation: 'Het was een totale ramp!' (It was a total disaster!). Here, 'totaal' elevates the noun 'ramp' from a mere mishap to something catastrophic. You will also hear it in the phrase 'totaal niet mijn ding' (totally not my thing), which is a polite but firm way to express a lack of interest in an activity or object. It provides a sense of certainty that leaves little room for further questioning.

Technical Contexts: In IT or engineering, 'totaal' refers to the aggregate of components or data. 'De totale opslagcapaciteit' (The total storage capacity) is a phrase you would see on a spec sheet for a computer or phone.

Mijn telefoon heeft een totale opslag van 128 gigabyte.

My phone has a total storage of 128 gigabytes.

Finally, keep an ear out for the word in weather reports or scientific documentaries. Concepts like 'totale maansverduistering' (total lunar eclipse) or 'totale neerslag' (total precipitation) are common. The word is indispensable for quantifying the natural world. It allows speakers to summarize complex, ongoing events into a single, measurable figure, making it a favorite for data-driven Dutch culture.

Morgen verwachten we een totale hoeveelheid van 20 mm regen.

Tomorrow we expect a total amount of 20 mm of rain.

Even though 'totaal' is a cognate, English speakers often stumble over its grammatical nuances in Dutch. The most frequent error involves the inflectional -e. In English, 'total' never changes form, but in Dutch, as an adjective, it must agree with the noun. Learners often say 'het totaal bedrag' instead of the correct 'het totale bedrag'. Remember: if there is a 'de' or 'het' (definite article) before the adjective, or if the noun is plural, you almost always need that -e.

Inflection Error: Incorrect: 'De totaal score'. Correct: 'De totale score'. The rule is simple: if you can put 'the' in front of it in English, you usually need the -e in Dutch.

Zijn totale vermogen wordt geschat op miljoenen.

His total wealth is estimated at millions.

Another common pitfall is confusing 'totaal' with 'heel' or 'erg'. While 'totaal' means 'completely' (100%), 'heel' and 'erg' mean 'very' (high degree but not necessarily 100%). Saying 'Ik ben totaal moe' is grammatically fine but implies you are at the absolute end of your strength. If you are just very tired, 'Ik ben heel moe' is more appropriate. Using 'totaal' too frequently can make your speech sound overly dramatic or hyperbolic, which might not always fit the sober Dutch social context.

Het is totaal zinloos om nu nog te gaan.

It is totally pointless to go now.

Word order with 'totaal' as an adverb can also be tricky. In English, we might say 'I totally don't understand.' In Dutch, the 'totaal' usually comes after the verb and often right before the word it modifies or the negation. 'Ik begrijp het totaal niet' is the standard order. Placing 'totaal' at the very beginning of the sentence for emphasis ('Totaal begrijp ik het niet') is rare and usually sounds incorrect unless part of a very specific rhetorical structure. Stick to putting it after the conjugated verb.

Confusion with 'In Totaal': Learners sometimes use 'in totaal' as an adjective. Incorrect: 'De in totaal prijs'. Correct: 'De totale prijs' or 'De prijs in totaal'. 'In totaal' is a fixed adverbial phrase, not an adjective.

We hebben in totaal drie uur gewacht.

We waited for three hours in total.

Lastly, be careful with 'totaal' vs 'volledig'. While often interchangeable, 'volledig' often carries a connotation of 'full' or 'complete' in terms of containing all parts (like a 'volledig pakket'), whereas 'totaal' often refers to the sum or the absolute degree. Using 'totaal' to describe a 'complete set' of tools might sound slightly off compared to 'volledige set'. However, this is a subtle nuance that even some native speakers might ignore, but for a learner, 'totaal' is safest when dealing with numbers or absolute intensifiers.

Zijn verhaal was totaal ongeloofwaardig.

His story was totally unbelievable.

Dutch offers several synonyms for 'totaal', each with its own specific flavor and usage rules. Understanding these alternatives will help you sound more like a native speaker and allow you to choose the most precise word for your situation. The most common alternatives are 'volledig', 'compleet', 'geheel', and 'algeheel'. While they all point toward the concept of wholeness, their applications vary significantly depending on whether you are talking about objects, amounts, or abstract concepts.

Volledig: This word literally means 'full-y'. It is used when something contains all the necessary parts or information. 'Een volledig overzicht' (A complete overview). It focuses on the lack of missing pieces.
Compleet: Very similar to English 'complete'. It is often used for sets or finished tasks. 'De verzameling is compleet' (The collection is complete). It can also be an intensifier like 'totaal', but feels slightly more formal.
Geheel: This word is often used as an adjective meaning 'whole'. 'De gehele dag' (The whole day). As an adverb, it means 'entirely'. It is slightly more 'literary' than 'totaal'.

De gehele bevolking was tegen het plan.

The entire population was against the plan.

When deciding between 'totaal' and 'volledig', think about whether you are measuring something or checking for completeness. If you are summing up numbers, 'totaal' is the word. If you are filling out a form, 'volledig' is what they want. 'Algeheel' is another synonym, but it is much more formal and usually restricted to specific phrases like 'algehele narcose' (general anesthesia) or 'een algeheel verbod' (a total ban). Using 'algeheel' in casual conversation would sound quite stiff and archaic.

Dat is een compleet andere benadering van het probleem.

That is a completely different approach to the problem.

In the realm of intensifiers, 'totaal' competes with 'absoluut', 'honderd procent', and 'helemaal'. 'Helemaal' is perhaps the most common adverb in Dutch for 'completely' in casual speech. 'Ik ben het helemaal met je eens' is very common. 'Totaal' is slightly stronger and often carries more emotional weight. 'Honderd procent' is used exactly like 'one hundred percent' in English to indicate absolute certainty or commitment. Choosing between these depends on the level of emphasis you want to convey.

Comparison Table: 'Totaal' = Absolute sum/degree. 'Geheel' = Whole/entire. 'Volledig' = Full/no missing parts. 'Helemaal' = Casual/common completely.

Ik ben het helemaal vergeten, sorry!

I completely forgot it, sorry!

Finally, consider the word 'alles' (everything). Sometimes learners use 'totaal' when they should simply say 'alles'. For example, 'Totaal is klaar' is incorrect; you should say 'Alles is klaar' (Everything is ready). 'Totaal' needs to modify something or be part of a phrase like 'In totaal'. Understanding these boundaries ensures you don't use 'totaal' as a catch-all for every instance of wholeness, but rather as a precise tool for sums and absolute states.

Er is totaal geen reden voor paniek.

There is absolutely no reason for panic.

How Formal Is It?

豆知識

The term 'Totaalvoetbal' (Total Football) became world-famous in the 1970s to describe the tactical theory of the Dutch national team where any player could take over the role of any other player.

発音ガイド

UK /toːˈtaːl/

US /toʊˈtɑːl/

Second syllable (taal)

韻が合う語

taal verhaal metaal normaal ideaal signaal verbaal kanaal

よくある間違い

Pronouncing the 'aa' too short like the 'a' in 'cat'.
Stressing the first syllable (TO-taal) instead of the second (to-TAAL).
Pronouncing the final 'l' too 'darkly' as in English 'ball' (Dutch 'l' is usually lighter).
Shortening the 'o' to a schwa sound.
Mixing up the 't' sound with a 'd' sound.

難易度

読解 1/5

Very easy to recognize due to the English cognate.

ライティング 2/5

The -e inflection (totale) requires some thought for beginners.

スピーキング 2/5

Getting the long 'aa' sound and stress right is key.

リスニング 1/5

Distinct sound, easy to pick out in conversation.

次に学ぶべきこと

前提知識

alles heel som getal prijs

次に学ぶ

volledig compleet geheel absoluut helemaal

上級

exhaustief integraal algeheel totalitair

知っておくべき文法

Adjective Inflection

De totale (inflected) prijs vs. Een totaal (not inflected) succes.

Adverbial Position

Ik begrijp het totaal niet (after the object/verb).

Compound Noun Formation

Totaal + bedrag = totaalbedrag (no space).

Negation with 'geen'

Totaal geen geld (emphasis on zero).

Fixed Prepositional Phrases

'In totaal' functions as a unit.

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レベル別の例文

Het totaal is tien.

The total is ten.

Here 'totaal' is used as a noun.

Ik heb drie appels in totaal.

I have three apples in total.

'In totaal' is a fixed phrase meaning 'altogether'.

Dat is vijf euro totaal.

That is five euros total.

Commonly used in markets without 'in'.

Het totaalbedrag is laag.

The total amount is low.

Compound noun: totaal + bedrag.

Ik ben totaal moe.

I am totally tired.

Used as an adverb to mean 'completely'.

Zijn we met acht in totaal?

Are there eight of us in total?

Used to confirm the size of a group.

Dit is een totaal succes.

This is a total success.

Adjective modifying a neuter noun 'het succes'.

Het totaal is niet goed.

The total is not right.

Negative sentence with 'totaal' as a noun.

De totale kosten zijn hoog.

The total costs are high.

Inflected adjective 'totale' because 'kosten' is plural.

Ik begrijp het totaal niet.

I totally don't understand it.

'Totaal niet' is a very common emphatic negation.

Zij is totaal anders dan ik.

She is totally different from me.

'Totaal' modifying the adjective 'anders'.

Wat is het totale aantal?

What is the total number?

Inflected adjective 'totale' with the neuter noun 'het aantal'.

Ik heb totaal geen tijd.

I have absolutely no time.

'Totaal geen' means 'none at all'.

Het was een totale verrassing.

It was a total surprise.

Inflected adjective 'totale' with 'de verrassing'.

De kamer was totaal leeg.

The room was totally empty.

Adverbial use describing a state.

In totaal wonen er tien mensen.

In total, ten people live there.

Phrase 'in totaal' at the start of the sentence.

We moeten het totaalplaatje bekijken.

We must look at the big picture.

Compound word 'totaalplaatje' is very common in B1 business Dutch.

Het was een totale mislukking.

It was a total failure.

Stronger than 'een grote mislukking'.

Ik ben het totaal met je eens.

I totally agree with you.

Used for strong agreement.

De totale bevolking groeit snel.

The total population is growing fast.

Used in statistical contexts.

Hij heeft de controle totaal verloren.

He has totally lost control.

Adverbial use with a past participle.

Er is totaal geen bewijs gevonden.

Absolutely no evidence was found.

Emphatic use with 'geen'.

De totale zonsverduistering was prachtig.

The total solar eclipse was beautiful.

Scientific/descriptive use.

Dat is een totaal verkeerde aanname.

That is a totally wrong assumption.

Used to correct someone firmly.

De totale herstructurering is nodig.

A total restructuring is necessary.

Formal business/organizational use.

Zij negeert hem totaal sinds gisteren.

She has been totally ignoring him since yesterday.

Describing interpersonal behavior.

Het project was een totale verspilling van tijd.

The project was a total waste of time.

Expressing a strong critical opinion.

De totale impact is nog niet te overzien.

The total impact cannot yet be overseen.

Formal reporting on consequences.

Hij is totaal niet geschikt voor deze baan.

He is totally unsuitable for this job.

Strong negative assessment.

De totale som der delen is meer dan de delen zelf.

The total sum of the parts is more than the parts themselves.

Philosophical/Mathematical idiom.

Ik was totaal verbijsterd door het nieuws.

I was totally stunned by the news.

Modifying a strong adjective.

Er heerst een totale stilte in het bos.

There is a total silence in the forest.

Descriptive and atmospheric.

De totale integratie van systemen is cruciaal.

The total integration of systems is crucial.

Technical/Strategic context.

Hij pleit voor een totale koerswijziging.

He advocates for a total change of course.

Political or high-level strategic use.

Het concept van totale oorlog is beangstigend.

The concept of total war is frightening.

Historical/Academic term.

De totale afwezigheid van empathie was stuitend.

The total absence of empathy was shocking.

Psychological/Ethical description.

Dit vereist een totale toewijding van het team.

This requires a total commitment from the team.

Emphasizing absolute necessity.

De totale opbrengst gaat naar het goede doel.

The total proceeds go to charity.

Formal financial context.

Zijn argumenten waren totaal irrelevant.

His arguments were totally irrelevant.

Debating/Argumentative use.

We streven naar een totale transparantie.

We strive for total transparency.

Corporate/Governance context.

De totale ontmanteling van de verzorgingsstaat.

The total dismantling of the welfare state.

Socio-political analysis.

Een toestand van totale existentiële crisis.

A state of total existential crisis.

Philosophical/Psychological use.

De totale overgave aan de kunst was zijn doel.

Total surrender to art was his goal.

Literary/Artistic description.

Het is een uiting van totale willekeur.

It is an expression of total arbitrariness.

Legal/Philosophical critique.

De totale verduistering van de rede door passie.

The total eclipse of reason by passion.

Metaphorical/Philosophical use.

Zijn oeuvre vormt een totaalvisie op de wereld.

His body of work forms a total vision of the world.

Intellectual/Literary critique.

Er is sprake van een totale stagnatie van de markt.

There is a total stagnation of the market.

Economic/Formal analysis.

De totale transformatie van het landschap door de tijd.

The total transformation of the landscape over time.

Geological/Historical scope.

類義語

volledig compleet geheel algeheel helemaal integraal allesomvattend absoluut

反対語

gedeeltelijk deels beperkt niets

よく使う組み合わせ

totaalbedrag

totale kosten

totaalplaatje

totaal anders

totaal niet

totale verrassing

totale chaos

in totaal

totaal vergeten

totale controle

よく使うフレーズ

In totaal

— Summing up a quantity or price. Equivalent to 'altogether'.

Hoeveel kost het in totaal?

Totaal geen

— Emphatic way to say 'absolutely no'.

Ik heb totaal geen zin in huiswerk.

Totaal anders

— Completely different. No similarities at all.

Zijn nieuwe auto is totaal anders.

Totaal niet

— Strong negation. Not at all.

Dat is totaal niet wat ik bedoelde.

Het totaalplaatje

— The big picture or the holistic view.

Vergeet het totaalplaatje niet.

Totaal verbaasd

— Completely surprised or astonished.

Ik was totaal verbaasd door zijn reactie.

Een totaal succes

— Something that went perfectly well.

De lancering was een totaal succes.

Totaal uitgeput

— Having no energy left at all.

Na de marathon was hij totaal uitgeput.

Totaal onmogelijk

— Something that cannot happen under any circumstances.

Het is totaal onmogelijk om nu te vertrekken.

Totaal zinloos

— Completely pointless or without meaning.

Het is totaal zinloos om hierover te praten.

よく混同される語

totaal vs totaal (noun) vs totaal (adjective)

The noun is 'het totaal', the adjective is 'totaal/totale'.

totaal vs totaal vs helemaal

'Helemaal' is more common for 'completely' in casual speech.

totaal vs totaal vs algeheel

'Algeheel' is much more formal and specific.

慣用句と表現

"Het totaalplaatje bekijken"

— To look at all aspects of a situation before making a decision.

We moeten eerst het totaalplaatje bekijken voordat we investeren.

neutral/business

"Totaal van de kaart zijn"

— To be completely confused, upset, or overwhelmed.

Na het ongeluk was ze totaal van de kaart.

informal

"Een totale flop"

— Something that fails completely (often a movie or book).

Zijn nieuwe film was een totale flop.

informal

"Totaal in de war"

— Completely confused or mixed up.

Door de verschillende verhalen ben ik totaal in de war.

neutral

"Totaal uit je dak gaan"

— To go completely crazy with excitement or anger.

Het publiek ging totaal uit zijn dak.

slang

"De totale som der delen"

— The idea that the whole is more significant than the individual parts.

Een team is meer dan de totale som der delen.

academic

"Totaal aan de grond zitten"

— To be completely broke or without resources.

Na het faillissement zat hij totaal aan de grond.

informal

"Totaal voor paal staan"

— To look completely foolish or embarrassed in public.

Toen ik mijn tekst vergat, stond ik totaal voor paal.

informal

"Totaal in de wolken"

— To be completely happy or 'on cloud nine'.

Zij is totaal in de wolken met haar nieuwe baan.

neutral

"Totaal op de hoogte"

— To be fully informed about something.

Ik ben totaal op de hoogte van de laatste nieuwtjes.

neutral

間違えやすい

totaal vs volledig

Both mean 'complete'.

'Volledig' implies all parts are present; 'totaal' implies the sum or absolute degree.

Een volledige set vs Een totale mislukking.

totaal vs compleet

Synonyms for 'total'.

'Compleet' is often used for finished tasks or sets; 'totaal' for numbers.

De puzzel is compleet.

totaal vs heel

Both used for emphasis.

'Heel' means 'very' (high degree); 'totaal' means 'completely' (100%).

Ik ben heel moe vs Ik ben totaal uitgeput.

totaal vs geheel

Both mean 'whole'.

'Geheel' is often an adjective for 'whole' (the whole day); 'totaal' is for sums.

De gehele dag.

totaal vs alles

Both refer to everything.

'Alles' is a pronoun; 'totaal' is an adjective/adverb.

Alles is klaar vs Het totaal is klaar (incorrect).

文型パターン

Het totaal is [getal].

Het totaal is twintig.

De totale [de-woord] is [adjectief].

De totale prijs is hoog.

Ik ben het totaal [adverb/adjective].

Ik ben het totaal vergeten.

In totaal zijn er [getal] [zelfstandig naamwoord].

In totaal zijn er drie opties.

Er is totaal geen [zelfstandig naamwoord].

Er is totaal geen hoop.

Het was een totale [zelfstandig naamwoord].

Het was een totale mislukking.

Gezien het totale [zelfstandig naamwoord]...

Gezien het totale gebrek aan bewijs...

Een uiting van totale [abstract concept].

Een uiting van totale willekeur.

語族

名詞

totaal (the total)

totaliteit (totality)

totaalplaatje (big picture)

totaalbedrag (total amount)

動詞

totaliseren (to total up - formal/rare)

形容詞

totaal

totaal- (used in compounds like totaal-ervaring)

使い方

frequency

Extremely high in both spoken and written Dutch.

よくある間違い

De totaal prijs → De totale prijs
Adjectives before a 'de-word' must have an -e ending.
Ik ben totaal → Ik ben totaal [moe/verbaasd]
Totaal is an adverb/adjective and needs a word to modify.
Totaal is tien euro → Het totaal is tien euro
When using it as a noun, you need the definite article 'het'.
Ik totaal begrijp het niet → Ik begrijp het totaal niet
In Dutch, the adverb of degree usually comes after the verb.
De in totaal kosten → De totale kosten
You cannot use 'in totaal' as an adjective before a noun.

ヒント

Adjective Ending

Always add an -e (totale) if the word follows 'de', 'het', 'mijn', 'jouw', etc., unless it's a neuter noun after 'een'.

Intensifier

Use 'totaal' to sound more decisive. 'Totaal niet' is stronger than just 'niet'.

Stress

Remember to stress the second syllable: to-TAAL. This is different from the English stress.

Supermarket Context

Listen for 'totaal' when paying. It's the most common place to hear it.

Compounds

Dutch loves compounds. Combine 'totaal' with 'bedrag' or 'prijs' to sound more advanced.

The Big Picture

Learn 'totaalplaatje'. It's a very useful word in Dutch business and logic.

Totaal vs Heel

Don't say 'totaal' if you just mean 'very'. 'Totaal' is for 100% states.

In Totaal

Put 'in totaal' at the end of your counting sentences for a natural flow.

Total Football

Mention 'Totaalvoetbal' to a Dutch sports fan to start a great conversation.

True Friend

Since it's almost the same as English, focus your energy on the Dutch word order instead.

暗記しよう

記憶術

Think of a 'Tall Total'. The word 'totaal' ends in 'taal' (which sounds like tall). Imagine a very tall stack of coins—the 'totaal' amount is the height of that 'tall' stack.

視覚的連想

Imagine a calculator with the word 'TOTAAL' written in big, bold Dutch letters on the screen after you hit the equals button.

Word Web

Som Alles Compleet In totaal Bedrag Helemaal Eindresultaat Geheel

チャレンジ

Try to use 'totaal' three times today: once for a price, once to agree with someone ('totaal mee eens'), and once to say you forgot something ('totaal vergeten').

語源

Derived from the Medieval Latin 'totalis', which comes from 'totus', meaning 'all' or 'whole'. It entered the Dutch language via French 'total' in the late Middle Ages.

元の意味： Pertaining to the whole or the entire amount.

Indo-European (Italic/Romance influence on Germanic Dutch).

文化的な背景

No specific sensitivities, but avoid 'totale oorlog' (total war) in casual conversation as it is a heavy historical term.

English speakers use 'totally' very casually. In Dutch, 'totaal' is equally common but the inflected form 'totale' is a hurdle English lacks.

Totaalvoetbal (Dutch tactical system in football). Totaal (A famous Dutch interior design magazine). De Totale Theorie (Scientific/Philosophical references in Dutch literature).

実生活で練習する

実際の使用場面

At the supermarket

Wat is het totaal?
In totaal is het vijf euro.
Het totaalbedrag klopt niet.
Heeft u het totaal?

In a debate

Ik ben het totaal niet eens.
Dat is totaal irrelevant.
Een totaal ander punt is...
Totaal onjuist!

Talking about feelings

Ik ben totaal verrast.
Totaal uitgeput.
Ik voel me totaal anders.
Totaal gelukkig.

At school/math

Bereken het totaal.
De totale som.
Hoeveel is het in totaal?
Het totale aantal.

Work/Projects

Het totaalplaatje bekijken.
De totale kosten berekenen.
Een totale herziening.
Totaaloverzicht.

会話のきっかけ

"Wat is het totale aantal landen dat je hebt bezocht?"

"Ben je het totaal eens met de nieuwe regels op werk?"

"Heb je in totaal meer dan drie broers of zussen?"

"Was de film gisteravond een totaal succes of een flop?"

"Kijk jij altijd naar het totaalplaatje of naar de details?"

日記のテーマ

Beschrijf een dag waarop je totaal uitgeput was. Wat heb je die dag gedaan?

Wat is het totale bedrag dat je deze week aan boodschappen hebt uitgegeven?

Is er iets waar je het totaal niet mee eens bent in de wereld? Leg uit waarom.

Beschrijf een situatie die een totale verrassing voor je was.

Waarom is het belangrijk om naar het totaalplaatje van je leven te kijken?

よくある質問

10 問

Use 'totaal' as an adverb (totaal vergeten) or with 'een' and a neuter noun (een totaal succes). Use 'totale' before de-words (de totale prijs) or plural nouns (de totale kosten).

No, 'totaal' needs to modify something. Say 'Ik ben totaal moe' or 'Ik ben het er totaal mee eens'.

It's a fixed phrase meaning 'altogether' or 'in total'. Use it at the end of counting something: 'Tien euro in totaal'.

It is neutral. It works in casual chats and in business reports. For very formal contexts, 'algeheel' or 'volledig' might be used.

Yes, as an adverb it implies a complete state. If you say you are 'totaal vergeten', you have zero memory of it.

Only to describe their state (totaal gelukkig) or their characteristics (een totaal idioot), but not to count them without a noun.

It's a common word for 'the big picture'. It means looking at everything together instead of just parts.

It's a long 'a' sound, like in 'father'. Make sure it's much longer than the 'a' in 'man'.

Yes, 'het totaal' means 'the total'. Example: 'Het totaal van de rekening'.

They are often interchangeable as adverbs meaning 'completely', but 'helemaal' is more common in spoken Dutch.

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