A0 · ゼロポイント チャプター 2

Vowel Signs and Nasalization

5 トータルルール
30 例文
1 分
このチャプターのルール クイック練習

Chapter in 30 Seconds

Unlock the musicality of Punjabi by mastering how vowels dance with consonants to create every word.

  • Identify the silent 'a' inherent in every consonant.
  • Attach vowel signs to change consonant sounds.
  • Add nasal resonance to your speech using Bindi and Tippi.
Vowels: The breath that brings Punjabi to life.

学べること

Mastering the ten vowel signs (Laga Matra) and nasalization marks. Understand how vowels attach to consonants to form syllables.

Learning Objectives

By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:

  1. 1
    By the end you will be able to: Read and write basic CVC (consonant-vowel-consonant) syllables.

重要な例文 (6)

1

`ਬਸ` `ਕਰ`

Stop it / That's enough.

パンジャブ語の目に見えない「a」（ムクタ）
2

`ਘਰ` `ਚੱਲ`

Go home.

パンジャブ語の目に見えない「a」（ムクタ）
3

ਮੁੜ ਕੇ ਆ।

Come back.

パンジャブ語の「u」音：Aunkar (ੁ) と Dulankar (ੂ)
4

ਮੈਨੂੰ ਭੁੱਖ ਲੱਗੀ ਹੈ।

I am hungry.

パンジャブ語の「u」音：Aunkar (ੁ) と Dulankar (ੂ)
5

ਮੈਂ ਠੀਕ ਹਾਂ।

I am fine.

パンジャブ語の鼻音：ビンディとティッピ (ਂ, ੰ)
6

ਅੰਬ ਬਹੁਤ ਮਿੱਠਾ ਹੈ।

The mango is very sweet.

パンジャブ語の鼻音：ビンディとティッピ (ਂ, ੰ)

ヒントとコツ (4)

💡

The 'Invisible' Rule

If you don't see any symbol, don't panic! It's just a Mukta. It's the default setting for every letter.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: パンジャブ語の目に見えない「a」（ムクタ）
💡

Practice Drawing

Practice drawing the Kanna line until it is straight and consistent.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Kanna (The Long 'aa')
💡

Placement

Always remember Sihari is on the left.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Sihari and Bihari (The 'i' vowels)
🎯

The 'Ura' Hack

If a word starts with a 'u' sound and no consonant, you MUST use ੳ. It becomes ਉ for short and ਊ for long. Don't try to use ਅ!
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: パンジャブ語の「u」音：Aunkar (ੁ) と Dulankar (ੂ)

重要な語彙 (6)

ਘਰ house ਮਾਂ mother ਦਿਨ day ਗੁੜ jaggery ਸੂਰਜ sun ਹੰਸ swan

Real-World Preview

home

Greeting at Home

Review Summary

  • Consonant only
  • Consonant + ਾ
  • Consonant + ਿ/ੀ
  • Consonant + ੁ/ੂ
  • Consonant + ਂ/ੰ

よくある間違い

Sihari is a unique sign that physically precedes the consonant it modifies.

Wrong: Writing Sihari after the letter.
正解: Writing Sihari before the letter (ਕਿ).

Tippi usually pairs with short vowels, while Bindi pairs with long ones.

Wrong: Using Tippi for long vowel sounds.
正解: Using Bindi for long vowels or Tippi for short.

Beginners often think consonants are silent, but they always carry a short 'a' sound.

Wrong: Forgetting the silent 'a' in Mukta.
正解: Recognizing that every consonant contains an 'a'.

Next Steps

You have done an amazing job! Keep practicing these signs, and you will be reading Punjabi fluently in no time.

Write your name using Gurmukhi vowel signs.

Continue to: The Secret of Tones

クイック練習 (10)

Fill in the correct vowel.

ਦ___ਨ

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: ਿ
Sihari is for short 'i'.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Sihari and Bihari (The 'i' vowels)

Fill in the correct nasal mark for 'I' (Main).

ਮੈ___ ਠੀਕ ਹਾਂ।

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: ਂ (Bindi)
The vowel Dulavan (ੈ) always takes a Bindi.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: パンジャブ語の鼻音：ビンディとティッピ (ਂ, ੰ)

Fill in the missing Kanna.

ਕ___ (kaa)

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: ਾ
Kanna is the vertical line.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Kanna (The Long 'aa')

Choose the correct vowel for 'Far' (Door).

ਦ___ਰ

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: ੂ
'Door' means far and requires the long 'u' sound, which is Dulankar (ੂ).

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: パンジャブ語の「u」音：Aunkar (ੁ) と Dulankar (ੂ)

Correct the spelling.

Find and fix the mistake:

ਦਿਨਿ

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: ਦਿਨ
No double vowels.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Sihari and Bihari (The 'i' vowels)

Which word correctly spells 'Village'?

Choose the correct spelling:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: ਪਿੰਡ
The vowel Siari (ਿ) always pairs with a Tippi (ੰ).

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: パンジャブ語の鼻音：ビンディとティッピ (ਂ, ੰ)

Fill in the blank with the correct Mukta word for 'home'.

ਮੈਂ ___ ਜਾ ਰਿਹਾ ਹਾਂ (I am going home).

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: ਘਰ
ਘਰ (Ghar) is the correct Mukta spelling. ਘਰਾ adds an unnecessary vowel sound at the end, and ਘਾਰ uses the long 'aa' vowel.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: パンジャブ語の目に見えない「a」（ムクタ）

Fix the nasal mark in the word for 'Mother'.

Find and fix the mistake:

ਮੰ

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: ਮਾਂ
Words ending in Kanna (ਾ) require a Bindi (ਂ), not a Tippi.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: パンジャブ語の鼻音：ビンディとティッピ (ਂ, ੰ)

Find the mistake in the romanization of 'ਬਸ'.

Find and fix the mistake:

The word `ਬਸ` should be pronounced as:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Bas
In Punjabi, the final Mukta vowel is silent, so ਬਸ is pronounced 'Bas', not 'Basa'.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: パンジャブ語の目に見えない「a」（ムクタ）

Fix the error.

Find and fix the mistake:

ਾਕ (aak) -> ?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: ਕਾ
Kanna must follow the consonant.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Kanna (The Long 'aa')

Score: /10

よくある質問 (6)

It means 'liberated' or 'free.' It refers to the fact that the vowel has no physical symbol attached to the letter.
It is a very short, neutral sound. It's like the 'u' in 'but' or the 'a' in 'around.'
It is a vertical line used to make the 'aa' sound.
Always to the right of the consonant.
It is a historical rule of the Gurmukhi script.
No, that would change the meaning.
前のチャプター
The Gurmukhi Script: Consonants
次のチャプター
The Secret of Tones
ロードマップに戻る