improvável 30秒で
- Improvável means unlikely.
- Use when something has a low chance of happening.
- Often followed by 'que' and the subjunctive.
- Opposite of probable.
Understanding 'Improvável'
The Portuguese word 'improvável' is an adjective that translates directly to 'unlikely' in English. It's used to describe something that is not expected to happen, not probable, or not true. Think of it as a word that expresses doubt or a low probability about a future event, a statement, or a situation. It's a common word that you'll encounter in everyday conversations, news reports, and literature when discussing possibilities or lack thereof.
You might use 'improvável' when you're talking about the weather forecast, a sports game's outcome, a personal prediction, or even a scientific hypothesis. It signifies that the chances of something occurring are slim, making it something that most people wouldn't bet on.
- Core Meaning
- Not likely to happen or be true; improbable.
- Usage Context
- Expressing low probability, doubt, or skepticism about an event, statement, or outcome.
É improvável que chova hoje, pois o céu está limpo.
When to Use 'Improvável'
Consider using 'improvável' in situations like:
- Predicting the outcome of a highly competitive match where one team is a significant underdog.
- Discussing the chances of a rare event happening, such as winning the lottery.
- Expressing skepticism about a claim that seems too good to be true.
- Describing a scenario that defies common sense or usual expectations.
- When you want to convey that something is highly improbable, almost to the point of impossibility.
Ganhar na loteria é extremamente improvável.
- Example Scenarios
- Imagine your favorite football team is playing against the world champions. You might say, 'É improvável que ganhem, mas vamos torcer!' (It's unlikely they will win, but let's cheer!). Or, if someone tells you they saw a UFO, you might respond, 'Isso é muito improvável.' (That is very unlikely.)
Constructing Sentences with 'Improvável'
Using 'improvável' correctly involves placing it in sentences where you want to express a low probability or doubt. It typically follows the verb 'ser' (to be) or can be used in conjunction with verbs like 'parecer' (to seem) or 'considerar' (to consider).
The structure often involves 'É improvável que...' followed by the subjunctive mood of the verb in the subordinate clause. This is because 'improvável' expresses a subjective assessment or a degree of uncertainty, which triggers the subjunctive in Portuguese.
- Basic Structure
- É improvável que + [subject] + [verb in subjunctive]
É improvável que ele chegue a tempo.
Variations and Placement
While the 'É improvável que...' structure is very common, 'improvável' can also appear in other positions, especially in more literary or emphatic contexts. However, for everyday use, sticking to the standard structure is recommended for clarity.
- Using with Different Verbs
- You can also use it with verbs that express opinion or perception, such as 'parecer' (to seem) or 'considerar' (to consider). For example, 'Parece improvável que...' (It seems unlikely that...).
Parece improvável que eles concordem.
Adverbial Use
Occasionally, you might see 'improvável' used adverbially, though this is less common and might sound slightly informal or poetic. The more standard adverbial form would be 'improvavelmente'.
- Example of Adverbial Use (Less Common)
- 'Ele agiu improvável.' (He acted unlikely.) - Note: 'Ele agiu improvavelmente.' is more grammatically standard.
É improvável que nós tenhamos tempo para tudo.
- More Examples
- É improvável que a proposta seja aceite sem modificações. (It is unlikely that the proposal will be accepted without modifications.)
- Considero improvável que ele mude de ideia tão cedo. (I consider it unlikely that he will change his mind so soon.)
- Seria improvável que eles conseguissem tal feito sem ajuda. (It would be unlikely for them to achieve such a feat without help.)
- Naquela situação, qualquer resultado positivo parecia improvável. (In that situation, any positive outcome seemed unlikely.)
Real-World Usage of 'Improvável'
'Improvável' is a versatile word that you'll hear and read in a wide range of contexts, reflecting its fundamental meaning of low probability. It's not confined to formal settings; it's a staple in everyday Portuguese.
One of the most common places you'll encounter 'improvável' is in discussions about news and current events. Journalists often use it when reporting on potential outcomes of political situations, economic forecasts, or international relations, especially when there's significant uncertainty.
- News and Media
- Headlines might read: 'Acordo comercial é improvável antes do fim do ano' (Trade deal is unlikely before the end of the year). Analysts might discuss 'cenários improváveis' (unlikely scenarios) for the stock market.
O especialista considerou improvável uma resolução rápida do conflito.
Sports Commentary
In the realm of sports, 'improvável' is used frequently to describe surprising results or unlikely comebacks. A commentator might exclaim, 'É improvável que o time da casa consiga virar o placar!' (It's unlikely the home team will be able to turn the score around!).
- Sports Context
- 'A vitória deles parecia improvável no início do campeonato.' (Their victory seemed unlikely at the start of the championship.)
Uma reviravolta assim é improvável, mas não impossível.
Everyday Conversations
In casual chat, friends might discuss the likelihood of something happening. For instance, if you're planning an outdoor picnic, someone might say, 'Espero que não chova, mas é improvável com este sol.' (I hope it doesn't rain, but it's unlikely with this sun.) Or when talking about a friend's ambitious project, 'É improvável que ele consiga fazer tudo isso sozinho.' (It's unlikely he'll manage to do all that alone.)
- Personal Predictions
- 'É improvável que eu termine o livro esta semana.' (It's unlikely I'll finish the book this week.)
Acha improvável que ele seja promovido?
Avoiding Pitfalls with 'Improvável'
While 'improvável' is a straightforward adjective, learners sometimes make mistakes related to its grammatical usage, particularly concerning the subjunctive mood and its more common adverbial counterpart.
One frequent error is forgetting to use the subjunctive mood after 'É improvável que...'. Because 'improvável' expresses doubt or a subjective assessment of probability, the verb in the following clause must be in the subjunctive. Using the indicative mood here is grammatically incorrect.
- Mistake 1: Incorrect Verb Mood
- Incorrect: É improvável que ele vem amanhã.
Correct: É improvável que ele venha amanhã.
Incorrect: É improvável que ele chega.
Confusing Adjective and Adverb
Another common slip-up is using 'improvável' where the adverb 'improvavelmente' (unlikely, improbably) would be more appropriate. 'Improvável' modifies a noun or a subject, while 'improvavelmente' modifies a verb, adjective, or another adverb.
- Mistake 2: Adjective vs. Adverb
- Incorrect: Ele agiu improvável.
Correct: Ele agiu improvavelmente.
Correct: A situação dele é improvável (as an adjective describing 'situação').
Incorrect: A notícia foi recebida improvável.
Overuse or Underuse
Some learners might avoid using 'improvável' altogether, opting for simpler phrases like 'não é provável' (it's not probable) or 'é difícil que' (it's difficult that). While these are understandable, 'improvável' offers a more concise and specific way to express the idea of low probability. Conversely, overusing it without proper context can make sentences sound repetitive.
- Mistake 3: Word Choice/Frequency
- Using 'não é provável' is fine, but 'improvável' is more direct. For instance, instead of 'Não é provável que ele venha', saying 'É improvável que ele venha' is more idiomatic.
Incorrect: É improvável que eles têm dinheiro.
Exploring Synonyms and Alternatives for 'Improvável'
While 'improvável' is a precise term for expressing low probability, Portuguese offers several other words and phrases that can convey similar meanings, each with its own nuance and typical usage.
Understanding these alternatives will enrich your vocabulary and allow you to express shades of doubt and uncertainty more effectively.
- 1. Pouco provável
- Meaning: Little probable, not very likely.
Usage: This is a very close synonym and often interchangeable with 'improvável'. It's slightly less emphatic than 'improvável' but still clearly indicates low probability.
Example: É pouco provável que ele chegue a tempo.
Comparison: 'Pouco provável' is a more literal way to say 'not very probable,' while 'improvável' is a single word that encapsulates this idea.
É pouco provável que o projeto seja aprovado.
- 2. Dificilmente
- Meaning: Hardly, scarcely, with difficulty.
Usage: This adverb is used to express that something is very unlikely to happen, often implying that it would require great effort or luck for it to occur. It's typically placed before the verb.
Example: Dificilmente conseguiremos terminar o trabalho hoje.
Comparison: 'Dificilmente' emphasizes the difficulty or improbability of the action itself, whereas 'improvável' focuses on the likelihood of the outcome.
Dificilmente ele voltará a cometer o mesmo erro.
- 3. Impossível
- Meaning: Impossible.
Usage: This word is much stronger than 'improvável'. It denotes something that absolutely cannot happen.
Example: É impossível voar sem asas.
Comparison: 'Impossível' is the extreme end of the probability scale, whereas 'improvável' is on the lower end but still within the realm of theoretical possibility.
Ganhar na loteria é quase impossível.
- 4. Pouco provável que... / É improvável que...
- Meaning: Not very probable that... / It is unlikely that...
Usage: These are common phrasal alternatives that directly express low probability. They are often used interchangeably with 'improvável'.
Example: É pouco provável que chova.
Comparison: These phrases are essentially the same as using the adjective 'improvável' in a sentence, just structured differently.
- 5. Não é provável
- Meaning: It is not probable.
Usage: This is a direct negation of 'provável' and serves as a very common and clear way to express that something is unlikely.
Example: Não é provável que ele venha à festa.
Comparison: This phrase is a straightforward alternative to 'É improvável que...', offering a slightly more direct negation.
Não é provável que o tempo melhore.
How Formal Is It?
豆知識
The concept of probability itself has a rich history, with early formalizations appearing in the 17th century through the work of mathematicians like Blaise Pascal and Pierre de Fermat. The word 'improvável' reflects this long-standing linguistic tradition of describing likelihoods.
発音ガイド
- Misplacing stress: stressing the first or last syllable instead of the second-to-last.
- Pronouncing the 'a' in 'provável' as a short 'a' like in 'cat'. It should be an open 'ah' sound.
- Omitting the final 'l' sound, making it sound like 'improbáve'.
難易度
At the A2 CEFR level, recognizing 'improvável' in simple sentences is achievable. Understanding its use in more complex grammatical structures, especially with the subjunctive mood, requires B1 and above. Texts discussing probabilities, forecasts, or hypothetical situations will naturally feature this word.
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前提知識
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知っておくべき文法
Subjunctive Mood after Expressions of Doubt/Uncertainty
Expressions like 'é improvável que', 'é possível que', 'é duvidoso que' trigger the subjunctive mood in the following verb. Example: É improvável que ele venha.
Adjective-Noun Agreement
The adjective 'improvável' must agree in gender and number with the noun it modifies. Example: A situação improvável. Os resultados improváveis.
Adverb Formation
The adverb 'improvavelmente' is formed by adding '-mente' to the feminine form of the adjective: improvável -> improváve -> improvávemente. Example: Ele agiu improvavelmente.
Use of 'Ser' with Adjectives
'Ser' is often used with adjectives like 'improvável' to describe inherent qualities or states. Example: A vitória é improvável.
Conditional Mood
The conditional mood (seria) is used to express hypothetical unlikely situations. Example: Seria improvável que isso acontecesse.
レベル別の例文
É improvável.
It is unlikely.
Simple statement of improbability.
Isso é improvável.
That is unlikely.
Demonstrative pronoun + ser + adjective.
Talvez improvável.
Maybe unlikely.
Adverb 'talvez' modifying the adjective.
Um futuro improvável.
An unlikely future.
Noun + adjective agreement.
Não é provável.
It is not probable.
Negation of 'provável'.
Pouco improvável.
Slightly unlikely.
Adverb 'pouco' modifying 'improvável'.
Parece improvável.
It seems unlikely.
Verb 'parecer' + adjective.
Algo improvável.
Something unlikely.
Indefinite pronoun + adjective.
É improvável que ele venha à festa.
It is unlikely that he will come to the party.
Use of subjunctive after 'É improvável que...'
O resultado é improvável.
The result is unlikely.
Noun + adjective agreement.
Seria improvável uma solução rápida.
A quick solution would be unlikely.
Conditional mood with 'seria'.
Considero improvável essa possibilidade.
I consider this possibility unlikely.
Verb 'considerar' + adjective + noun.
A previsão é improvável.
The forecast is unlikely.
Noun + adjective agreement.
É improvável que chova amanhã.
It is unlikely to rain tomorrow.
Subjunctive after 'É improvável que...'.
Uma coincidência tão grande é improvável.
Such a big coincidence is unlikely.
Adjective phrase + noun + 'ser' + adjective.
Isso parece improvável, mas vamos tentar.
That seems unlikely, but let's try.
Verb 'parecer' + adjective, followed by a contrasting clause.
É improvável que a empresa consiga atingir as metas deste ano.
It is unlikely that the company will manage to reach this year's goals.
Subjunctive with a more complex verb phrase.
A maioria dos especialistas considera improvável uma recuperação econômica rápida.
Most experts consider a quick economic recovery unlikely.
Noun phrase + verb 'considerar' + adjective + noun phrase.
Seria improvável que eles se reconciliassem após tantos anos de desavença.
It would be unlikely for them to reconcile after so many years of disagreement.
Conditional mood with a complex subordinate clause.
Diante das evidências, a versão dele parece bastante improvável.
Given the evidence, his version seems quite unlikely.
Prepositional phrase + verb + adverb + adjective.
É improvável que o governo tome medidas drásticas neste momento.
It is unlikely that the government will take drastic measures at this moment.
Subjunctive after 'É improvável que...'.
Um evento tão raro é considerado improvável pela comunidade científica.
Such a rare event is considered unlikely by the scientific community.
Passive voice construction.
Sem apoio financeiro, o sucesso do projeto é improvável.
Without financial support, the project's success is unlikely.
Prepositional phrase + noun + 'ser' + adjective.
Apesar das dificuldades, não é totalmente improvável que consigam.
Despite the difficulties, it is not entirely unlikely that they will succeed.
Negation of 'improvável' with an adverb.
É altamente improvável que a nova legislação seja aprovada sem emendas significativas.
It is highly unlikely that the new legislation will be approved without significant amendments.
Adverb 'altamente' intensifying 'improvável'.
Os analistas financeiros consideram improvável uma desvalorização acentuada da moeda no curto prazo.
Financial analysts consider a sharp devaluation of the currency in the short term unlikely.
Complex noun phrase and adverbial phrase.
Seria improvável que um país com a nossa infraestrutura conseguisse sediar um evento dessa magnitude.
It would be unlikely for a country with our infrastructure to manage hosting an event of this magnitude.
Conditional mood with relative clauses.
Diante da complexidade do problema, a hipótese de uma solução simples parece improvável.
Given the complexity of the problem, the hypothesis of a simple solution seems unlikely.
Prepositional phrase + noun + 'ser' + adjective.
É improvável que a temperatura global estabilize sem esforços concertados para reduzir as emissões.
It is unlikely that the global temperature will stabilize without concerted efforts to reduce emissions.
Subjunctive with complex adverbial phrases.
Um avanço tecnológico tão disruptivo é considerado improvável por muitos especialistas em inovação.
Such a disruptive technological advance is considered unlikely by many innovation experts.
Passive voice with participial phrase.
Na ausência de evidências concretas, qualquer alegação extraordinária permanece improvável.
In the absence of concrete evidence, any extraordinary claim remains unlikely.
Prepositional phrase + noun phrase + 'permanecer' + adjective.
Apesar da pressão pública, não é de todo improvável que a decisão seja adiada.
Despite public pressure, it is not at all unlikely that the decision will be postponed.
Negation of 'improvável' with idiomatic phrase 'não é de todo'.
É altamente improvável que a crise geopolítica atual se resolva pacificamente sem intervenção externa significativa.
It is highly unlikely that the current geopolitical crisis will be resolved peacefully without significant external intervention.
Adverb + adjective + complex noun phrase + subjunctive clause.
Os economistas preveem que será improvável manter as taxas de juro baixas face à inflação crescente.
Economists predict that it will be unlikely to keep interest rates low in the face of rising inflation.
Verb 'prever' + future conditional + infinitive clause.
Seria improvável que uma civilização extraterrestre mantivesse contato conosco sem revelar sua existência de forma inequívoca.
It would be unlikely for an extraterrestrial civilization to maintain contact with us without unequivocally revealing its existence.
Conditional mood with complex adverbial and participial phrases.
Diante da falta de consenso científico, a teoria de que a Terra é plana permanece uma proposição altamente improvável.
Given the lack of scientific consensus, the theory that the Earth is flat remains a highly unlikely proposition.
Prepositional phrase + noun + 'permanecer' + adverb + adjective + noun.
É improvável que as mudanças climáticas sejam revertidas sem uma transição energética global e acelerada.
It is unlikely that climate change will be reversed without a global and accelerated energy transition.
Subjunctive with complex prepositional and adverbial phrases.
Um cenário de paz duradoura nesta região volátil é, infelizmente, considerado improvável por muitos observadores.
A scenario of lasting peace in this volatile region is, unfortunately, considered unlikely by many observers.
Passive voice with adverbial interjection.
Na ausência de um plano de contingência robusto, a sobrevivência da organização em caso de crise é improvável.
In the absence of a robust contingency plan, the organization's survival in case of a crisis is unlikely.
Prepositional phrase + noun phrase + 'ser' + adjective.
Apesar da narrativa popular, não é de modo algum improvável que os efeitos a longo prazo sejam mais benignos do que se teme.
Despite the popular narrative, it is by no means unlikely that the long-term effects will be more benign than feared.
Negation of 'improvável' with emphatic adverbial phrase.
É exíguo o espaço para manobra política, tornando qualquer cenário de resolução pacífica altamente improvável no curto prazo.
The room for political maneuver is meager, making any scenario of peaceful resolution highly unlikely in the short term.
Adjective + noun phrase + participial phrase + adverb + adjective.
Os dados empíricos sugerem que manter a atual trajetória de crescimento sem reformas estruturais substanciais seria improvável, senão contraproducente.
Empirical data suggest that maintaining the current growth trajectory without substantial structural reforms would be unlikely, if not counterproductive.
Verb 'sugerir' + future conditional + infinitive clause + concessive conjunction.
Seria improvável que uma inteligência artificial autônoma demonstrasse empatia genuína, dada a sua natureza fundamentalmente algorítmica e desprovida de experiência subjetiva.
It would be unlikely for an autonomous artificial intelligence to demonstrate genuine empathy, given its fundamentally algorithmic nature devoid of subjective experience.
Conditional mood with complex participial and prepositional phrases.
Diante da entropia inerente aos sistemas complexos, a previsão exata de eventos futuros em larga escala permanece uma quimera, tornando qualquer resultado específico em grande medida improvável.
Given the inherent entropy in complex systems, the exact prediction of large-scale future events remains a chimera, making any specific outcome largely unlikely.
Prepositional phrase + noun + 'permanecer' + noun + participial phrase + adverb + adjective.
É improvável que a humanidade evite as consequências mais severas das alterações climáticas sem uma reconfiguração radical dos seus modelos de produção e consumo.
It is unlikely that humanity will avoid the most severe consequences of climate change without a radical reconfiguration of its production and consumption models.
Subjunctive with complex prepositional and adverbial phrases.
Um consenso científico sobre a natureza da consciência é, em virtude da sua elusividade intrínseca, considerado improvável por muitos neurocientistas e filósofos.
A scientific consensus on the nature of consciousness is, due to its intrinsic elusiveness, considered unlikely by many neuroscientists and philosophers.
Passive voice with idiomatic prepositional phrase and participial phrase.
Na ausência de um catalisador externo capaz de induzir uma mudança de paradigma, a reversão do declínio social observado é improvável.
In the absence of an external catalyst capable of inducing a paradigm shift, the reversal of the observed social decline is unlikely.
Prepositional phrase + noun phrase + participial phrase + 'ser' + adjective.
Apesar da retórica otimista, não é de forma alguma improvável que a atual instabilidade econômica presuma um futuro de estagnação prolongada.
Despite the optimistic rhetoric, it is by no means unlikely that the current economic instability presumes a future of prolonged stagnation.
Negation of 'improvável' with emphatic adverbial phrase and subordinate clause.
よく使う組み合わせ
よく使うフレーズ
— This is the most common structure, meaning 'It is unlikely that...'. It introduces a clause where the verb must be in the subjunctive mood.
É improvável que chova hoje, mas é bom ter um guarda-chuva.
— Means 'It seems unlikely'. Used to express a subjective assessment of probability.
Parece improvável que ele consiga terminar o trabalho a tempo.
— Means 'I consider it unlikely'. Used to state one's opinion or assessment of probability.
Considero improvável que a proposta seja aprovada sem alterações.
— Means 'It would be unlikely'. Used in conditional sentences to describe hypothetical unlikely situations.
Seria improvável que conseguíssemos tantos recursos em tão pouco tempo.
— Means 'highly unlikely'. Used to emphasize a very low probability.
É altamente improvável que o time perca em casa.
— Means 'it is not unlikely'. This is a double negative, implying that something is quite possible or probable.
Não é improvável que ele decida mudar de ideia.
— Means 'an unlikely future'. Used to describe a future scenario that is not expected.
Eles sonhavam com um futuro improvável, mas possível.
— Means 'an unlikely chance'. Used when referring to a possibility with low odds.
Ele teve uma chance improvável de sucesso.
— Means 'something unlikely'. A general way to refer to an unlikely event or situation.
Aconteceu algo improvável durante a viagem.
— Means 'the unlikely outcome'. Used when referring to an unexpected result.
O resultado improvável surpreendeu a todos.
よく混同される語
'Improvisar' means 'to improvise', meaning to create or perform spontaneously without preparation. It shares the root 'impro-' but has a completely different meaning and usage from 'improvável'.
While both mean 'unlikely', 'inverossímil' often refers to something that lacks credibility or appears unbelievable, especially in narratives or explanations. 'Improvável' is more about statistical or logical probability.
This is the adverbial form. 'Improvável' is an adjective describing a noun, while 'improvavelmente' modifies a verb, adjective, or adverb.
慣用句と表現
— This proverb, while not directly containing 'improvável', implies that certain conditions make a good outcome unlikely. It suggests that excessive rain (chuva em monte) leads to poor harvests (colheita pouca), making a bountiful harvest improbable.
Esperávamos uma grande colheita, mas com tanta chuva, será improvável.
Proverbial— Literally 'to pay the duck', this idiom means to suffer the consequences for something you didn't do, often unfairly. While 'improvável' isn't in the idiom, the situation it describes is often one where it would be unlikely for the person to deserve the punishment.
É improvável que ele pague o pato por algo que não fez.
Informal— Literally 'to end up with the donkeys in the water'. This idiom means to fail completely after much effort, to have one's plans go awry. It describes a situation where the intended outcome becomes highly improbable.
Depois de tanto trabalho, foi improvável que déssemos com os burros n'água.
Informal— Literally 'to fall off the horse'. This idiom means to be disappointed or disillusioned when something doesn't happen as expected, especially when one was overly confident. It signifies an outcome that was thought to be probable but turned out to be unlikely.
Ele achava que ia ganhar, mas caiu do cavalo; foi improvável.
Informal— Literally 'to put water in the boiling'. This idiom means to calm things down, to reduce excitement or tension. It suggests making an intense situation less likely to escalate, thus making an extreme outcome improbable.
O mediador tentou pôr água na fervura, tornando um conflito maior improvável.
Informal— Literally 'to kill two rabbits with one blow'. This idiom means to achieve two goals with a single action. The opposite scenario, where achieving even one goal is difficult, would be described as 'improvável'.
Seria improvável resolver ambos os problemas com uma única solução.
Informal— Literally 'to have more to do'. This idiom means to be too busy to engage in something. It implies that engaging in a particular activity is unlikely due to other priorities.
É improvável que ele participe; ele tem mais que fazer.
Informal— Literally 'to tread on eggs'. This idiom means to be very careful about what you say or do, to avoid upsetting someone. It implies that a direct or blunt approach is unlikely to be successful and could lead to negative consequences.
É improvável que uma abordagem direta funcione; teremos que pisar em ovos.
Informal— Literally 'to turn the jacket'. This idiom means to change one's allegiance or opinion, often opportunistically. A sudden or unexpected change of allegiance might be described as 'improvável' if the person was previously very firm in their stance.
Após anos defendendo a ideia, seria improvável que ele virasse a casaca agora.
Informal— Literally 'to make heart from guts'. This idiom means to make a great effort, to go to extreme lengths, often out of desperation. It implies that success was unlikely and required immense effort.
Ele fez das tripas coração, mas ainda assim, o sucesso era improvável.
Informal間違えやすい
Both relate to probability and have similar sounds and structures.
'Provável' means 'probable' or 'likely', indicating a high chance of something happening. 'Improvável' means 'unlikely' or 'improbable', indicating a low chance. They are direct opposites in meaning.
É <strong>provável</strong> que chova. (It is probable that it will rain.) vs. É <strong>improvável</strong> que chova. (It is unlikely that it will rain.)
Both words deal with the potential for something to occur.
'Possível' means 'possible', indicating that something *can* happen, regardless of how likely it is. 'Improvável' specifically denotes a *low probability* of it happening. Something can be possible but still improbable.
É <strong>possível</strong> que ganhemos. (It is possible that we will win - it can happen.) vs. É <strong>improvável</strong> que ganhemos. (It is unlikely that we will win - the chance is very low.)
All relate to the degree of certainty of an event.
'Certo' means 'certain' or 'sure', indicating a 100% probability. 'Improvável' indicates a very low probability, close to zero but not necessarily zero. They are at opposite ends of the probability spectrum.
É <strong>certo</strong> que o sol vai nascer amanhã. (It is certain that the sun will rise tomorrow.) vs. É <strong>improvável</strong> que o sol nasça de noite. (It is unlikely that the sun will rise at night.)
Both express a low likelihood of something happening.
'Dificilmente' is an adverb meaning 'hardly' or 'scarcely', often implying that an event would require great effort or luck to occur. 'Improvável' is an adjective describing the probability itself. While related, 'dificilmente' focuses more on the difficulty of the action, while 'improvável' focuses on the low probability of the outcome.
<strong>Dificilmente</strong> ele conseguirá. (He will hardly manage.) vs. É <strong>improvável</strong> que ele consiga. (It is unlikely that he will manage.)
Both suggest a lack of believability or likelihood.
'Inverossímil' means 'implausible' or 'unbelievable', often applied to stories, explanations, or claims that lack credibility or seem fantastical. 'Improvável' is a more general term for low probability, applicable to events, outcomes, or statements.
A história dele parece <strong>inverossímil</strong>. (His story seems implausible/unbelievable.) vs. É <strong>improvável</strong> que chova hoje. (It is unlikely to rain today - a statement about probability.)
文型パターン
É improvável que + [subject] + [verb in subjunctive]
É <strong>improvável que</strong> ele <strong>venha</strong>.
Noun + é + improvável
A chuva <strong>é improvável</strong>.
Seria + improvável + que + [subject] + [verb in subjunctive]
<strong>Seria improvável que</strong> nós <strong>conseguíssemos</strong>.
Adverb + improvável
É <strong>bastante improvável</strong> que isso aconteça.
Considerar + [object] + improvável
Considero <strong>o projeto</strong> <strong>improvável</strong>.
Prepositional phrase + ser + improvável
Sem ajuda, o sucesso <strong>é improvável</strong>.
Adverb + improvável + que + [subject] + [verb in subjunctive]
É <strong>altamente improvável que</strong> eles <strong>aceitem</strong>.
Noun phrase + parecer + improvável
A hipótese levantada <strong>parece improvável</strong>.
語族
名詞
形容詞
関連
使い方
High
-
Forgetting the subjunctive mood.
→
É <strong>improvável que</strong> ele <strong>venha</strong>.
The phrase 'é improvável que' expresses doubt, which requires the subjunctive mood for the following verb. The indicative form 'vem' is incorrect here.
-
Using 'improvável' as an adverb.
→
Ele agiu <strong>improvavelmente</strong>.
'Improvável' is an adjective. The adverb form is 'improvavelmente', used to modify verbs. The sentence 'Ele agiu <strong>improvável</strong>' is grammatically incorrect.
-
Confusing 'improvável' with 'possível'.
→
É <strong>possível</strong> que chova, mas é <strong>improvável</strong>.
'Possível' means something can happen. 'Improvável' means it has a low chance of happening. Something can be possible but still improbable.
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Incorrect adjective-noun agreement.
→
As chances <strong>são improváveis</strong>.
The adjective 'improvável' must agree in number with the noun it modifies. 'Chances' is plural, so the adjective should be plural 'improbáveis'.
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Using 'improvável' when 'impossível' is needed.
→
É <strong>impossível</strong> voar sem asas.
'Improvável' means unlikely; 'impossível' means impossible. There's a significant difference in the degree of certainty. Flying without wings is impossible, not just unlikely.
ヒント
Master the Subjunctive
The most crucial grammar point with 'improvável' is its use with the subjunctive mood. Whenever you use the structure 'É improvável que...', the verb following must be conjugated in the subjunctive. Practice forming subjunctive verbs for common verbs like 'ser', 'ter', 'ir', 'fazer', 'vir', etc., to ensure grammatical accuracy.
Expand with Synonyms
While 'improvável' is excellent, learn its synonyms like 'pouco provável' and 'dificilmente'. Understanding these alternatives will allow you to express nuances and avoid repetition. Note how 'dificilmente' is an adverb, while 'improvável' is an adjective.
Stress the Right Syllable
The stress in 'improvável' falls on the second-to-last syllable: 'pro-VÁ-vel'. Practicing this stress pattern will make your pronunciation sound more natural and help native speakers understand you better.
Visual Associations
Create strong mental images. For 'improvável', picture a tightrope walker about to fall, or a lottery ticket that looks very unlikely to win. Connecting the word to a vivid, unlikely scenario will make it easier to recall.
Sentence Building
Actively create your own sentences using 'improvável'. Start with simple structures like 'É improvável que...' and gradually move to more complex ones. The more you write and speak with it, the more natural it will become.
Catch it in Action
Listen to Portuguese podcasts, music, or TV shows. Pay attention to how native speakers use 'improvável' in different conversational contexts. This exposure will help you internalize its natural usage.
Adjective vs. Adverb
Remember that 'improvável' is an adjective. If you need to modify a verb, use the adverb 'improvavelmente'. This distinction is crucial for correct sentence construction.
Know Your Antonyms
Understanding the antonyms like 'provável', 'possível', and 'certo' will help you grasp the full spectrum of probability and choose the most accurate word for your intended meaning.
Polite Skepticism
In Portuguese culture, 'improvável' can be used to express skepticism politely. It's a way to acknowledge low chances without outright dismissing an idea or person. Use it thoughtfully in social interactions.
暗記しよう
記憶術
Imagine someone trying to catch a ball that is bouncing in a very unpredictable, zig-zag pattern. It looks 'im-PRO-VÁ-vel' (im-PRO-VAY-bel) that they will catch it because the bounces are so erratic. The 'PRO' sound can remind you of 'probable', and the 'VÁ-vel' ending connects to the word itself.
視覚的連想
Picture a very thin, wobbly tightrope walker high above the ground. The act of walking on such a precarious rope seems highly 'improvável' to succeed without falling. Visualize the walker looking uncertain, highlighting the low probability of success.
Word Web
チャレンジ
Try to use 'improvável' in three different sentences describing predictions for the next week. For example, 'It's unlikely to snow' or 'It's unlikely my favorite team will win'.
語源
The word 'improvável' comes from the Latin word 'improbabilis', which is formed by the prefix 'in-' (meaning 'not') and 'probabilis' (meaning 'probable' or 'likely'). 'Probabilis' itself derives from 'probare', meaning 'to test' or 'to prove'.
元の意味： Not probable; unlikely.
Indo-European > Italic > Latin > Romance languages > Portuguese文化的な背景
When using 'improvável', be mindful of the context. While it's a neutral term for probability, in sensitive situations, it could be perceived as dismissive if used without empathy. For example, telling someone facing a serious illness that their recovery is 'improvável' would be insensitive. In such cases, softer phrasing or focusing on support might be more appropriate.
In English, 'unlikely' and 'improbable' serve a similar function. The nuance lies in the phrasing and the grammatical structures used, such as the subjunctive mood in Portuguese following 'É improvável que...'.
実生活で練習する
実際の使用場面
Weather forecasts and predictions
- É improvável que chova.
- É improvável que faça sol.
- A previsão é improvável.
Sports outcomes
- É improvável que o time ganhe.
- Um resultado improvável.
- Parece improvável uma virada.
Personal predictions and opinions
- É improvável que eu vá.
- Considero improvável que ele mude de ideia.
- Parece improvável.
News and current events
- É improvável que o acordo seja assinado.
- Um cenário improvável.
- A resolução é improvável.
Hypothetical situations
- Seria improvável que...
- Uma situação improvável.
- Uma chance improvável.
会話のきっかけ
"What is something that seems really unlikely to happen in your lifetime?"
"Do you think it's more likely or unlikely that we'll visit other planets soon?"
"What's a prediction you've made that turned out to be completely unlikely?"
"When was the last time something happened that you thought was highly unlikely?"
"What's something people often consider unlikely but is actually quite possible?"
日記のテーマ
Describe a time when an unlikely event occurred and how it affected you.
Write about a goal you have that seems very unlikely to achieve. What steps, if any, could you take?
Reflect on a common belief that you find to be unlikely. Explain why.
Imagine a future scenario that is highly unlikely but would be wonderful if it happened. Describe it.
Consider a time you were proven wrong about something you thought was unlikely. What did you learn?
よくある質問
10 問Both 'improvável' and 'pouco provável' mean 'unlikely' or 'not very probable'. 'Improvável' is a single word that encapsulates this meaning, often implying a slightly lower probability than 'pouco provável'. 'Pouco provável' is a more literal phrase meaning 'little probable'. In many contexts, they are interchangeable, but 'improvável' can sometimes carry a stronger sense of improbability.
Yes, when 'improvável' is followed by 'que' and introduces a subordinate clause, the verb in that clause must be in the subjunctive mood. For example: 'É improvável que ele venha.' (It is unlikely that he will come.) This is because 'improvável' expresses doubt or uncertainty.
No, 'improvável' is an adjective. The adverbial form is 'improvavelmente', which means 'unlikely' or 'improbably' and is used to modify verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs. For example: 'Ele agiu improvavelmente.' (He acted unlikel y.)
The most direct opposite of 'improvável' is 'provável', which means 'probable' or 'likely'. Other antonyms include 'possível' (possible) and 'certo' (certain), depending on the degree of likelihood you want to express.
'Improvável' suggests a low probability, meaning something has a small chance of happening but is not impossible. 'Impossível' means something absolutely cannot happen. Use 'improvável' when there's a slim chance, and 'impossível' when there's no chance at all.
The pronunciation is roughly 'im-pruh-VAH-vel'. The stress is on the second-to-last syllable, 'VAH', which has an open 'ah' sound. The 'i' in 'im' is short, and the ending sounds like 'vel'.
Yes, it can be used to describe a person's character or actions if they are behaving in a way that is unlikely for them. For example, 'Ele, que é tão calmo, agiu de forma improvável.' (He, who is so calm, acted in an unlikely way.) However, it's more commonly used for events or situations.
Some common phrases include 'É improvável que...' (It is unlikely that...), 'altamente improvável' (highly unlikely), 'parece improvável' (it seems unlikely), and 'seria improvável' (it would be unlikely).
'Improvável' is generally considered a neutral word and can be used in both formal and informal contexts. Its usage is very common across different registers.
In statistics, 'improvável' corresponds to events with a low probability value, typically close to zero but greater than zero. It represents outcomes that are statistically unlikely to occur.
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Summary
Improvável is an adjective meaning 'unlikely' or 'improbable.' It's used to describe situations, events, or statements that have a low probability of occurring or being true. Remember to use the subjunctive mood after 'É improvável que...' for correct grammar.
- Improvável means unlikely.
- Use when something has a low chance of happening.
- Often followed by 'que' and the subjunctive.
- Opposite of probable.
Master the Subjunctive
The most crucial grammar point with 'improvável' is its use with the subjunctive mood. Whenever you use the structure 'É improvável que...', the verb following must be conjugated in the subjunctive. Practice forming subjunctive verbs for common verbs like 'ser', 'ter', 'ir', 'fazer', 'vir', etc., to ensure grammatical accuracy.
Expand with Synonyms
While 'improvável' is excellent, learn its synonyms like 'pouco provável' and 'dificilmente'. Understanding these alternatives will allow you to express nuances and avoid repetition. Note how 'dificilmente' is an adverb, while 'improvável' is an adjective.
Stress the Right Syllable
The stress in 'improvável' falls on the second-to-last syllable: 'pro-VÁ-vel'. Practicing this stress pattern will make your pronunciation sound more natural and help native speakers understand you better.
Context is Key
Use 'improvável' when you genuinely mean something has a low probability. Avoid using it for things that are simply undesirable or difficult, unless the low probability is the main point. For instance, 'É improvável que ele ganhe' is about the odds, not necessarily about wishing he wouldn't.
関連コンテンツ
generalの関連語
a cerca de
B1距離や将来の時間について「約」や「およそ」を意味します。
à direita
A2右に、または右側に。方向や場所を示すために使われます。
à esquerda
A2左側に。方向を示したり、場所を説明したりするために使用されます。
a fim de
A2〜するために、〜したい気分。 '合格するために勉強する。' / 'ピザが食べたい気分だ。'
à frente
A2の前に (No mae ni). '彼は私の前にいます。'
a frente
A2前方に; 前に
À frente de
A2〜の前に、または〜を率いて。「車の前に木があります」。
a tempo
A2間に合って、時間通りに。手遅れになる前に行動することを指します。
à volta de
A2の周りに。場所（テーブルの周り）や見積もり（約10ユーロ）に使用されます。
abaixo
A1〜の下に; 以下に。
