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A2 noun 12分で読める

jazigo

例文
解説 jazigo in your Level:
At the A1 level, you only need to know that jazigo is a word related to cemeteries. It is a masculine noun ('o jazigo'). You can think of it as a 'big grave' or a 'family house in the cemetery'. In Portugal and Brazil, families often have one place where everyone is buried together. That place is the jazigo. You might see this word if you walk past a cemetery. It is not a word you will use every day, but it is good to recognize it. For now, just remember: Jazigo = Cemetery place for a family. Example: 'O jazigo da família é bonito' (The family tomb is beautiful). You don't need to worry about the mining meaning yet. Focus on the fact that it is a noun and it is masculine. If you go to a cemetery with a Portuguese friend, they might point to a stone building and say, 'Aquele é o nosso jazigo'. This is the most basic way to understand it.
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At the A2 level, you should understand that jazigo is more specific than 'túmulo' (tomb). A jazigo is usually a permanent structure, often like a small stone room or a large marked plot for a family. You should be able to use it in simple sentences about family history or locations. For example, 'Onde fica o jazigo da sua família?' (Where is your family's vault?). You should also start to notice that this word appears in news about natural resources. If you see 'jazigo de petróleo' in a headline, it means an 'oil deposit'. At A2, you are expanding your vocabulary to include these more specific nouns. You should know the plural is 'jazigos' and that it follows the masculine pattern for adjectives: 'um jazigo antigo' (an old vault). Understanding this word helps you understand Portuguese culture, where family heritage and the 'jazigo de família' are very important.
At the B1 level, you can use jazigo in more complex discussions. You understand the difference between a 'jazigo perpétuo' (a perpetual vault that the family owns forever) and a temporary grave. You can talk about the maintenance of a jazigo or its architectural style. You are also expected to understand the geological meaning clearly. In a B1 reading task about the economy, you might encounter 'jazigos minerais' and you should know this refers to mineral deposits. You can use the word with verbs like 'descobrir' (to discover) or 'explorar' (to explore). For example: 'A descoberta de um novo jazigo de ouro mudou a história da região.' You are becoming more aware of the formal register of this word compared to the more common 'túmulo'. You can also use it in the context of inheritance and legal matters involving family property. This word adds a layer of precision to your Portuguese.
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At the B2 level, you should be comfortable using jazigo in both funerary and technical (geological) contexts. You understand the nuances of cemetery administration, such as 'concessão de jazigo'. You can participate in debates about the environmental impact of exploiting 'jazigos de minério' in protected areas. Your vocabulary is rich enough to distinguish between a 'jazigo', a 'mausoléu', and a 'cripta' based on their physical characteristics and locations. You might also encounter the word in literary texts or historical accounts, where it can be used to symbolize the end of a lineage or the weight of the past. You should be able to explain the word to others, noting its origin from the verb 'jazer'. Your pronunciation should be accurate, particularly the soft 'j' and the voiced 'z'. At this level, jazigo is a tool for precise technical and cultural expression.
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At the C1 level, you have a deep understanding of jazigo and its various connotations. You can use it metaphorically in sophisticated writing, such as 'o jazigo das esperanças perdidas' (the tomb of lost hopes). You are familiar with the legal jargon surrounding 'jazigos abandonados' and the processes by which municipalities reclaim these spaces. In a professional or academic setting, you can discuss 'jazigos petrolíferos' with the correct technical vocabulary, including terms like 'viabilidade económica' and 'extracção'. You recognize the word's role in 19th-century Portuguese literature and can analyze its use as a gothic or romantic trope. You understand the subtle differences between 'jazigo' and 'jazida' in Brazilian Portuguese versus European Portuguese. Your command of the word is natural, and you can switch between its funerary and geological meanings without hesitation, always choosing the appropriate register for your audience.
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At the C2 level, your mastery of jazigo is equivalent to that of an educated native speaker. You appreciate the etymological connection to the Latin 'iacere' and how this informs the word's dual meaning of 'lying' in death and 'lying' in the earth as a mineral. You can engage in high-level discussions about the semiotics of 'jazigos monumentais' in urban history or the geopolitical implications of 'jazigos de terras raras'. You are capable of using the word in poetry or advanced prose, playing with its sounds and associations. You understand the historical evolution of the 'jazigo' from simple communal burials to the elaborate family structures of the bourgeoisie. There are no contexts—whether legal, scientific, historical, or literary—where you would be unsure of the word's meaning or application. You use jazigo with total precision, reflecting a profound grasp of the Portuguese language's depth and versatility.
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例文
The Portuguese word jazigo is a fascinating noun that carries significant weight in both cultural and scientific contexts. At its most fundamental level, particularly for a CEFR A2 learner, it refers to a burial vault, a tomb, or a family grave site. Unlike a simple 'sepultura' (grave), which might just be a hole in the ground, a jazigo typically implies a permanent structure, often built of stone, marble, or granite, intended to house the remains of multiple family members over generations. This architectural aspect is crucial to understanding the word's usage in social and funerary contexts.
Funerary Context
In a cemetery, a jazigo is a private plot where a structure has been built. It can be a 'jazigo de família' (family vault) or a 'jazigo perpétuo' (perpetual vault), indicating that the rights to the plot are owned indefinitely by a family.

A família reuniu-se no jazigo para prestar homenagem aos antepassados durante o Dia de Finados.

Beyond the cemetery, the word takes on a completely different but equally important meaning in the field of geology and mining. In this context, a jazigo refers to a mineral deposit or a natural accumulation of ore, coal, gas, or oil. This dual meaning stems from the root verb 'jazer', which means 'to lie' or 'to be situated'. Just as a body 'lies' in a tomb, a mineral 'lies' within the earth's crust.
Geological Context
In mining, a 'jazigo mineral' is a specific location where a high concentration of a valuable resource is found, such as 'jazigo de ferro' (iron deposit) or 'jazigo petrolífero' (oil field).

Os geólogos descobriram um novo jazigo de lítio no norte do país, o que pode impulsionar a economia local.

Understanding the nuances of jazigo requires recognizing the cultural importance of family legacy in Lusophone countries. Owning a family vault is often seen as a matter of pride and continuity. It is a place where the history of a lineage is physically anchored in the community. In literature and formal speech, the word can also be used metaphorically to describe a place where something 'lies' forgotten or dormant. For example, one might speak of a 'jazigo de memórias' (a repository of memories).
Legal and Administrative
In administrative terms, a 'concessão de jazigo' refers to the legal permit granted by a municipality to use a specific space in a cemetery for a long period or indefinitely.

A manutenção do jazigo é responsabilidade dos herdeiros diretos, de acordo com o regulamento do cemitério municipal.

In summary, while a beginner might only see 'tomb', a more advanced student recognizes jazigo as a bridge between the physical world of geology and the spiritual/social world of ancestry. Whether discussing the extraction of natural wealth or the preservation of family history, this word is indispensable for precise communication in Portuguese. It reflects a worldview where what lies beneath the surface—be it ancestors or minerals—holds immense value for those above.
Using the word jazigo correctly involves understanding its grammatical role as a masculine noun and its specific collocations. In everyday Portuguese, you will most frequently encounter it paired with the preposition 'de' to specify its type or owner. For instance, 'jazigo de família' is the standard way to refer to a family vault. When talking about minerals, 'jazigo de...' followed by the mineral name (e.g., 'jazigo de ouro') is the rule.
Possession and Ownership
To indicate who the vault belongs to, use the possessive adjectives or the preposition 'de'. Example: 'O nosso jazigo' or 'O jazigo dos Silva'.

Eles compraram um jazigo no Cemitério da Consolação para garantir que a família permanecesse unida após a morte.

When constructing sentences, pay attention to the verbs that typically accompany jazigo. In a funerary context, common verbs include 'construir' (to build), 'comprar' (to buy), 'limpar' (to clean), 'visitar' (to visit), and 'sepultar' (to bury/entomb). In a geological context, you will see 'descobrir' (to discover), 'explorar' (to explore/exploit), 'esgotar' (to exhaust/deplete), and 'mapear' (to map).
Geological Verbs
Verbs like 'localizar' (to locate) and 'extrair' (to extract) are standard when discussing resource deposits.

A empresa de mineração localizou um vasto jazigo de cobre nas profundezas da floresta amazônica.

Prepositions are also key. We say 'no jazigo' (in the vault) or 'para o jazigo' (to the vault). If you are referring to the position within a cemetery, you might say 'perto do jazigo' (near the vault). In the mining sense, we often use 'sob' (under) or 'em' (in), such as 'um jazigo em território nacional'.
Descriptive Adjectives
Common adjectives include 'antigo' (old), 'suntuoso' (sumptuous/grand), 'abandonado' (abandoned), and 'rico' (rich - usually for mineral deposits).

Aquele jazigo abandonado no final do corredor do cemitério guarda histórias de uma família que já não existe mais.

For students looking to sound more native, practice using 'jazigo' in passive constructions, which are common in formal reports: 'Foi encontrado um jazigo...' or 'O jazigo será restaurado pela prefeitura'. This demonstrates a command of formal Portuguese syntax. Finally, remember that while 'túmulo' is a synonym, 'jazigo' conveys a sense of permanence and often architectural complexity that 'túmulo' lacks. Use 'jazigo' when you want to emphasize the structure or the collective nature of the burial site. In mining, 'jazigo' is the technical term; using 'mina' (mine) refers to the operation, while 'jazigo' refers to the natural resource itself.
The word jazigo is not one you will hear in casual bar talk or on a first date, but it is very common in specific, high-stakes environments. The most obvious place is within the context of family discussions about inheritance, estate planning, and cemetery visits. In Portugal and Brazil, visiting the cemetery on November 2nd (Dia de Finados) is a widespread tradition. During this time, you will hear people talking about going to the 'jazigo' to clean the marble, leave flowers, or pray.
Family and Tradition
In older families, the 'jazigo' is an asset passed down through generations. Conversations about 'quem tem direito ao jazigo' (who has rights to the vault) are common during legal settlements of estates.

Durante o inventário, os irmãos discutiram sobre a titularidade do jazigo perpétuo da família.

Another major arena for this word is the news, specifically business and environmental reporting. Because Brazil and Portugal (and several African Lusophone countries like Angola and Mozambique) are rich in natural resources, the discovery of a new jazigo is a major headline. You will hear newscasters say things like 'Descoberto jazigo de gás natural na costa de Moçambique' or 'O Brasil possui um dos maiores jazigos de nióbio do mundo'. In these cases, the word is synonymous with wealth and strategic national interest.
Media and Economics
Headlines often focus on the economic impact of 'jazigos minerais'. Phrases like 'exploração de jazigos' are standard in economic journals.

O telejornal anunciou que o novo jazigo de petróleo pode gerar milhares de empregos na região.

You might also encounter jazigo in the context of history and tourism. Famous cemeteries like 'Cemitério dos Prazeres' in Lisbon or 'Cemitério da Recoleta' (though in Argentina, often discussed in Portuguese travel guides) are known for their 'jazigos monumentais'. Tour guides will point out the jazigo of a famous poet or politician. In these instances, the word is used to highlight the artistic and historical value of the structure.
Art and History
Historians use 'jazigo' to describe the final resting places of historical figures, often focusing on the 'estilo arquitetónico' (architectural style) of the vault.

O guia turístico explicou que aquele jazigo foi construído em estilo neoclássico no século XIX.

Finally, in literature—especially 19th-century Romanticism—the 'jazigo' is a common setting for scenes of mourning or gothic mystery. Authors like Camilo Castelo Branco or Machado de Assis might use the word to evoke a sense of finality, gloom, or ancestral burden. While modern speakers use it more practically, this literary background gives the word a certain solemnity that persists today. Whether in a legal document, a geological survey, or a family gathering, 'jazigo' is a word that signals something deep, permanent, and significant.
One of the most common mistakes for English speakers learning Portuguese is confusing jazigo with 'túmulo' or 'sepultura'. While they all relate to burial, they are not strictly interchangeable. A 'sepultura' is the most basic term, usually referring to a single grave dug into the earth. A 'túmulo' is a more general term for any monument or grave. A jazigo, however, is specifically a vault or a built structure. Calling a simple hole in the ground a 'jazigo' would sound strange and slightly grandiose.
Scale and Structure
Remember: Sepultura = basic grave; Túmulo = general tomb; Jazigo = large vault or family plot structure.

Não diga 'ele foi enterrado num jazigo' se for apenas uma cova simples; prefira 'sepultura'.

Another common error is failing to recognize the geological meaning. Students often translate 'jazigo de ferro' as 'iron tomb', which is a humorous but incorrect interpretation. In a technical context, jazigo means 'deposit'. This is a classic 'false friend' scenario where the student's mind is locked into the first definition they learned (funerary) and fails to adapt to the professional context.
Translation Errors
Avoid translating 'jazigo' as 'mine'. The 'jazigo' is the natural resource; the 'mina' is the human-made infrastructure to get it out.

O engenheiro explicou que o jazigo de carvão era muito profundo para ser explorado agora.

Pronunciation can also be a stumbling block. The 'j' in Portuguese is like the 's' in 'pleasure' or the 'g' in 'mirage'. English speakers often try to pronounce it like the 'j' in 'jump' (a 'dj' sound), which is incorrect. Furthermore, the 'z' in 'jazigo' is a voiced 'z' sound, and the 'i' is a long 'ee' sound. Mispronouncing it as 'ha-zi-go' (using a Spanish 'j') is a very common mistake for those who have studied Spanish before Portuguese.
Grammar: Gender Agreement
Since 'jazigo' is masculine, all associated words must match. Don't say 'a jazigo' or 'jazigo antiga'; it must be 'o jazigo' and 'jazigo antigo'.

O jazigo familiar foi restaurado recentemente para preservar a memória dos bisavós.

Finally, students sometimes misuse the preposition. While 'no jazigo' is correct for 'in the vault', they might mistakenly use 'em jazigo' without an article when one is needed. Use 'o jazigo' when referring to a specific one known to the listener. In mining, you might hear 'em jazigos' (in deposits) when speaking generally, but 'no jazigo de' when specifying a location. Avoiding these nuances can make your Portuguese sound 'broken'. By paying attention to the specific structure (funerary vs. geological), the gender, and the soft 'j' sound, you will avoid the most frequent pitfalls associated with this word.
To truly master the use of jazigo, it is helpful to compare it with its synonyms and related terms. This not only expands your vocabulary but also helps you choose the most precise word for a given situation. In the funerary realm, 'túmulo', 'sepultura', and 'mausoléu' are the primary alternatives.
Jazigo vs. Mausoléu
A 'mausoléu' is typically much grander than a standard 'jazigo'. Think of it as a small building or a monument. All mausoleums are vaults, but not all vaults are mausoleums.

O imperador mandou construir um jazigo tão grande que mais parecia um mausoléu real.

'Cripta' (crypt) is another related term. While a jazigo is often a standalone structure in a cemetery, a 'cripta' is usually an underground chamber, often beneath a church. If you are talking about someone buried under a cathedral, 'cripta' is the correct term.
Jazigo vs. Sepultura
'Sepultura' is the act of burial or the simple grave. It is the most common word for 'grave' in everyday speech. 'Jazigo' is more formal and specific to the structure.

Muitas pessoas optam por uma sepultura simples em vez de um jazigo de família por questões de custo.

In the geological and mining context, 'jazigo' can be replaced by 'depósito' or 'reserva'. 'Depósito' is a very general term for any accumulation of material. 'Reserva' is more technical and usually refers to a deposit that has been measured and is economically viable to mine. 'Veta' or 'filão' (vein) refers specifically to a thin, sheet-like body of crystallized minerals within a rock.
Technical Synonyms
'Jazida' is a very close synonym to 'jazigo' in geology. In fact, 'jazida' is often preferred in Brazilian Portuguese when referring to mineral deposits, while 'jazigo' remains common in both.

A descoberta desta nova jazida (ou jazigo) de diamantes atraiu investidores de todo o mundo.

Knowing these alternatives allows you to vary your language. In a formal essay about cemetery architecture, you might use 'jazigo' and 'mausoléu'. In a technical report on mining, you might use 'jazigo', 'reserva', and 'filão'. In a casual conversation about a funeral, you would likely stick to 'sepultura' or 'túmulo'. This sensitivity to register and context is what differentiates a basic learner from a proficient speaker. By understanding that jazigo sits at the intersection of architecture and geology, you can navigate these different worlds with confidence.
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レベル別の例文

1

O jazigo é grande.

The tomb is big.

Simple subject-verb-adjective structure.

2

Eu vejo o jazigo.

I see the tomb.

Direct object 'o jazigo'.

3

O meu jazigo é aqui.

My tomb is here.

Possessive 'meu' agrees with masculine 'jazigo'.

4

É um jazigo de família.

It is a family tomb.

Preposition 'de' shows purpose/ownership.

5

O jazigo tem flores.

The tomb has flowers.

Verb 'ter' in the third person singular.

6

O jazigo é de pedra.

The tomb is made of stone.

Preposition 'de' indicates material.

7

Onde está o jazigo?

Where is the tomb?

Interrogative sentence with 'onde'.

8

O jazigo é antigo.

The tomb is old.

Adjective 'antigo' matches masculine noun.

1

Nós vamos visitar o jazigo amanhã.

We are going to visit the tomb tomorrow.

Future with 'ir' + infinitive.

2

O jazigo de família fica perto da entrada.

The family tomb is near the entrance.

Verb 'ficar' used for location.

3

Eles limpam o jazigo todos os anos.

They clean the tomb every year.

Present tense for habitual action.

4

O jazigo é feito de mármore branco.

The tomb is made of white marble.

Passive construction 'é feito'.

5

Há um jazigo de ferro nesta região.

There is an iron deposit in this region.

Usage of 'jazigo' in a mining context.

6

O jazigo pertence aos meus avós.

The tomb belongs to my grandparents.

Verb 'pertencer' followed by 'a'.

7

Não é permitido construir um jazigo novo aqui.

It is not allowed to build a new tomb here.

Impersonal construction 'não é permitido'.

8

O jazigo mineral foi descoberto por acaso.

The mineral deposit was discovered by chance.

Compound past 'foi descoberto'.

1

A prefeitura exige a manutenção dos jazigos perpétuos.

The city council requires the maintenance of perpetual vaults.

Use of 'exigir' and technical term 'perpétuo'.

2

O jazigo de ouro é a principal fonte de riqueza da vila.

The gold deposit is the main source of wealth for the village.

Abstract noun 'riqueza' linked to 'jazigo'.

3

Se tivéssemos dinheiro, compraríamos um jazigo maior.

If we had money, we would buy a larger vault.

Conditional sentence with 'se' + imperfect subjunctive.

4

O jazigo encontra-se em mau estado de conservação.

The tomb is in a poor state of repair.

Reflexive 'encontrar-se' used as 'to be'.

5

Muitos turistas visitam o jazigo do famoso escritor.

Many tourists visit the famous writer's tomb.

Noun phrase 'jazigo do famoso escritor'.

6

A exploração do jazigo de carvão foi suspensa.

The exploitation of the coal deposit was suspended.

Passive voice with feminine subject 'exploração'.

7

É necessário pedir uma licença para restaurar o jazigo.

It is necessary to ask for a license to restore the vault.

Impersonal 'é necessário' + infinitive.

8

O jazigo foi decorado com esculturas de anjos.

The tomb was decorated with angel sculptures.

Passive voice with agent 'com esculturas'.

1

A empresa investiu milhões na prospecção de jazigos petrolíferos.

The company invested millions in the prospecting of oil deposits.

Technical term 'prospecção'.

2

O jazigo monumental destaca-se pela sua arquitetura gótica.

The monumental vault stands out for its Gothic architecture.

Reflexive verb 'destacar-se'.

3

A titularidade do jazigo foi transferida após o processo de herança.

The ownership of the vault was transferred after the inheritance process.

Legal term 'titularidade'.

4

A exaustão do jazigo de cobre causou o fechamento da mina.

The exhaustion of the copper deposit caused the mine's closure.

Causal relationship expressed with 'causou'.

5

O historiador pesquisou os jazigos mais antigos do cemitério municipal.

The historian researched the oldest vaults in the municipal cemetery.

Superlative 'mais antigos'.

6

Embora seja um jazigo privado, o público pode visitá-lo.

Although it is a private vault, the public can visit it.

Concessive clause with 'embora' + subjunctive.

7

O jazigo de diamantes localiza-se numa zona de difícil acesso.

The diamond deposit is located in a hard-to-reach area.

Adjective phrase 'de difícil acesso'.

8

A família decidiu cremar os restos mortais e libertar o jazigo.

The family decided to cremate the remains and free up the vault.

Infinitive verbs showing a sequence of actions.

1

A viabilidade económica do jazigo depende das flutuações do mercado.

The economic viability of the deposit depends on market fluctuations.

Complex noun phrase as subject.

2

O jazigo tornou-se um jazigo de memórias para a comunidade local.

The vault became a repository of memories for the local community.

Metaphorical use of 'jazigo'.

3

A legislação sobre jazigos minerais sofreu alterações significativas.

The legislation on mineral deposits has undergone significant changes.

Formal verb 'sofrer' meaning 'to undergo'.

4

O jazigo de família foi erguido como um símbolo de status social.

The family vault was erected as a symbol of social status.

Passive voice with 'foi erguido'.

5

Dada a profundidade do jazigo, a extração torna-se tecnicamente complexa.

Given the depth of the deposit, extraction becomes technically complex.

Absolute construction with 'Dada a'.

6

O jazigo abandonado foi declarado património de interesse público.

The abandoned vault was declared a heritage site of public interest.

Official administrative terminology.

7

A família contesta a decisão de remover o jazigo do local original.

The family contests the decision to remove the vault from its original location.

Verb 'contestar' in a legal/formal sense.

8

O jazigo petrolífero estende-se por vários quilómetros sob o leito marinho.

The oil deposit extends for several kilometers under the seabed.

Spatial description with 'estende-se'.

1

A perenidade do jazigo contrasta com a efemeridade da vida humana.

The permanence of the vault contrasts with the fleetingness of human life.

Philosophical use of abstract nouns.

2

O jazigo de minério de ferro constitui o cerne da economia extrativa nacional.

The iron ore deposit constitutes the core of the national extractive economy.

High-level vocabulary like 'cerne' and 'extrativa'.

3

O jazigo familiar, envolto em lendas, atrai a curiosidade de genealogistas.

The family vault, shrouded in legends, attracts the curiosity of genealogists.

Appositive phrase 'envolto em lendas'.

4

A exploração desenfreada de jazigos pode acarretar danos ecológicos irreversíveis.

The unrestrained exploitation of deposits can lead to irreversible ecological damage.

Use of 'acarretar' for consequences.

5

No jazigo das palavras esquecidas, o poeta encontra a sua inspiração.

In the tomb of forgotten words, the poet finds his inspiration.

Highly poetic/metaphorical usage.

6

A concessão do jazigo foi revogada por incumprimento das normas vigentes.

The vault concession was revoked for non-compliance with the current standards.

Legal terminology: 'revogada', 'incumprimento', 'vigentes'.

7

O jazigo de gás natural é um ativo estratégico de soberania nacional.

The natural gas deposit is a strategic asset of national sovereignty.

Geopolitical terminology.

8

O jazigo, outrora suntuoso, jaz agora em ruínas e esquecimento.

The vault, once sumptuous, now lies in ruins and forgetfulness.

Archaic/Literary 'outrora' and 'jaz' (from jazer).

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