mal-disposto 30秒で
- Mal-disposto means feeling unwell or in a bad mood.
- It applies to both physical discomfort and negative emotions.
- Remember to adjust for gender and number (mal-disposto/a/os/as).
- Commonly used in everyday conversations.
- Literal Breakdown
- The word is formed by the adverb "mal" (badly, poorly) and the past participle "disposto" (disposed, arranged, willing). So, literally, it means "badly disposed" or "poorly arranged," which intuitively leads to the meaning of not being in a good state.
- Physical Discomfort
- When someone says "Estou mal-disposto," they might be experiencing a mild headache, a stomach ache, or just a general feeling of malaise. It's often used for minor ailments that don't necessarily require a doctor's visit but make you feel less energetic and cheerful. For example, you might say this if you woke up feeling a bit groggy or if you're coming down with a cold.
- Emotional State
- Beyond physical feelings, "mal-disposto" also describes a bad mood or a grumpy disposition. If someone is irritable, short-tempered, or just not in a good mood for no apparent reason, they can be described as "mal-disposto." This usage is very common in everyday conversation. For instance, if a child is being difficult or an adult is being uncharacteristically unpleasant, you might hear them described as "mal-disposto.".
Hoje acordei um pouco mal-disposto, acho que não dormi bem.
Ele parece estar mal-disposto hoje; não fala com ninguém.
- Basic Sentence Structure
- The most straightforward way to use "mal-disposto" is by placing it after the verb "estar" (to be, temporary state) when referring to a person's feeling or mood. For example, "Eu estou mal-disposto" (I am feeling unwell/in a bad mood). The verb "sentir-se" (to feel) can also be used: "Sinto-me mal-disposto" (I feel unwell/in a bad mood).
- Agreement with Gender and Number
- Remember to adjust the ending of "mal-disposto" to match the subject. If you are talking about a female person, you would use "mal-disposta." For example, "A Maria está mal-disposta hoje" (Maria is feeling unwell/in a bad mood today). For a group of males or a mixed group, you use "mal-dispostos." For a group of females, it's "mal-dispostas." For instance, "Os rapazes estão mal-dispostos" (The boys are feeling unwell/in a bad mood), and "As raparigas estão mal-dispostas" (The girls are feeling unwell/in a bad mood).
O Pedro sentiu-se mal-disposto depois de comer aquele marisco.
A Ana está um pouco mal-disposta e prefere ficar em casa.
Os miúdos estão mal-dispostos porque não foram ao parque.
- Describing Situations
- You can also use "mal-disposto" to describe a situation or a general atmosphere. For instance, "O tempo está mal-disposto" (The weather is gloomy/unpleasant), although this usage is less common than referring to people. More frequently, it's used to describe a person's general state of being when they are not well or are in a foul mood.
- Family and Friends
- Within families, it's common for parents to ask children how they are feeling: "Como te sentes, meu filho? Estás um pouco mal-disposto?" (How are you feeling, my son? Are you feeling a bit unwell?). Similarly, friends might check in on each other: "Não vieste à festa ontem, estavas mal-disposto?" (You didn't come to the party yesterday, were you feeling unwell?). This is often used to describe minor physical discomforts or a general low mood.
- Workplace and Social Gatherings
- In more casual workplace settings or during social gatherings, people might excuse themselves or explain their behavior by saying, "Desculpem, estou um pouco mal-disposto hoje" (Sorry, I'm feeling a bit unwell/out of sorts today). This can be a polite way to indicate that one is not feeling up to socializing or participating fully, without going into unnecessary detail about their health or mood.
- Describing Others' Moods
- You'll often hear people comment on the mood of others. For instance, "O João parece mal-disposto hoje, não sei porquê" (João seems to be in a bad mood today, I don't know why). This usage is particularly common when someone is being unusually quiet, irritable, or uncommunicative.
A minha avó disse que está mal-disposta e não quer comer nada.
Não leves a mal, ele está um bocado mal-disposto hoje.
- Incorrect Gender/Number Agreement
- The most frequent error is failing to adjust the ending of "mal-disposto" to match the gender and number of the subject. Forgetting that feminine subjects require "mal-disposta" and plural subjects require "mal-dispostos" or "mal-dispostas" can lead to grammatically incorrect sentences. For example, saying "A Maria está mal-disposto" instead of "A Maria está mal-disposta" is a common mistake for beginners.
- Overuse for Serious Illness
- "Mal-disposto" is generally used for minor ailments or temporary states of feeling unwell or in a bad mood. Using it to describe a serious illness might downplay the severity. For a significant health issue, more specific terms like "doente" (sick), "enfermo" (ill), or describing the specific symptoms would be more appropriate. For example, if someone has pneumonia, they are "doente," not just "mal-disposto.".
- Confusing with "Mal" and "Disposto" Separately
- Some learners might try to use "mal" and "disposto" as separate words in a way that doesn't form the correct compound adjective. "Mal" means badly, and "disposto" means willing or arranged. While "mal-disposto" is a compound, it functions as a single unit with a specific meaning. Simply saying "Estou mal e disposto" would not convey the intended meaning of feeling unwell or in a bad mood.
Mistake: A Ana está mal-disposto.
Correct: A Ana está mal-disposta.
Mistake: Ele está muito mal-disposto porque tem gripe.
Better: Ele está muito doente porque tem gripe.
- "Doente" (Adjective)
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Meaning: Sick, ill.
Comparison: "Doente" is a more direct term for being physically sick, often implying a more pronounced illness than "mal-disposto." While "mal-disposto" can mean feeling a bit under the weather, "doente" suggests a more definite state of sickness. You would say "Estou doente" if you have a cold or the flu, whereas "Estou mal-disposto" might be used if you just feel a bit off.
Example: Ele não veio trabalhar porque está doente. (He didn't come to work because he is sick.)
- "Indisposto" (Adjective)
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Meaning: Indisposed, unwell, slightly ill.
Comparison: "Indisposto" is very similar to "mal-disposto" and is often used interchangeably. It also refers to feeling unwell, typically a mild physical ailment or a general feeling of not being quite right. It can sometimes sound slightly more formal than "mal-disposto." Both are used for temporary states.
Example: Sinto-me um pouco indisposto para sair esta noite. (I feel a bit unwell to go out tonight.)
- "Irritado" / "Zangado" (Adjectives)
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Meaning: Irritated / Angry.
Comparison: When "mal-disposto" refers to a bad mood, "irritado" or "zangado" are more specific for expressing anger or annoyance. "Mal-disposto" in this sense is more general, implying a grumpy or unpleasant disposition, but not necessarily outright anger. If someone is shouting or clearly upset, "zangado" is more fitting. If they are just short-tempered, "irritado" works well.
Example: Ele está irritado porque perdeu o autocarro. (He is irritated because he missed the bus.)
- "Mal-humorado" (Adjective)
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Meaning: Bad-tempered, grumpy.
Comparison: This term is very close in meaning to "mal-disposto" when used to describe a mood. "Mal-humorado" specifically refers to someone who is in a bad mood and likely to be unpleasant. It's a very common synonym for the mood aspect of "mal-disposto." The difference is subtle; "mal-disposto" can encompass a physical feeling of being unwell contributing to the bad mood, while "mal-humorado" focuses solely on the disposition.
Example: O meu chefe está sempre mal-humorado às segundas-feiras. (My boss is always bad-tempered on Mondays.)
How Formal Is It?
豆知識
The verb 'dispor' itself comes from the Latin 'disponere', meaning 'to arrange, to set in order, to distribute'. The prefix 'dis-' implies separation or difference, and 'ponere' means 'to place or put'. Thus, 'disponere' originally meant to arrange things differently or put them in their proper place.
発音ガイド
- Pronouncing 'mal' with a long 'a' sound.
- Incorrectly stressing a different syllable.
- Pronouncing the 's' in 'dis' as a voiceless 's' instead of a voiced 'z' sound.
- Making the final 'o' sound too short.
- Not clearly separating the syllables.
難易度
The word 'mal-disposto' is quite common in everyday texts like blogs, news articles, and informal writing. Understanding its dual meaning (physical and emotional) is key to comprehension. Learners at A2 level can usually grasp its meaning from context.
The main challenge in writing is correct gender and number agreement. Once that is mastered, using it in simple sentences is straightforward. Overuse or misuse for serious illnesses can be a minor issue.
Pronunciation is generally manageable. The key is to use it appropriately for the context (physical vs. emotional, mild vs. serious). Native speakers use it frequently, so understanding its natural flow is beneficial.
As it's a very common word, learners will hear it frequently. Its meaning is usually clear from the context, making it easy to understand when spoken.
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Adjective Agreement
When 'mal-disposto' modifies a feminine noun or refers to a feminine subject, it becomes 'mal-disposta'. For plural subjects, it becomes 'mal-dispostos' (masculine) or 'mal-dispostas' (feminine).
Use of 'Estar' vs. 'Ser'
'Mal-disposto' usually describes a temporary state, so it is used with the verb 'estar' (to be). Using 'ser' would imply a permanent characteristic, which is uncommon for this adjective.
Verb Conjugation: 'Sentir-se'
The reflexive verb 'sentir-se' (to feel) is often used with 'mal-disposto': 'Eu sinto-me mal-disposto.' Ensure correct conjugation of 'sentir-se' based on the subject.
Negation
To negate 'mal-disposto', place 'não' before the verb: 'Eu não estou mal-disposto.' or 'Ele não se sente mal-disposto.'
Adverbs Modifying Adjectives
Adverbs like 'muito' (very), 'pouco' (a little), or 'um bocado' (a bit) can modify 'mal-disposto': 'Estou muito mal-disposto.' or 'Ela está um bocado mal-disposta.'
レベル別の例文
Estou mal-disposto.
I am feeling unwell.
Simple statement of feeling unwell.
Ele está mal-disposto.
He is feeling unwell.
Using 'mal-disposto' for a male subject.
Ela está mal-disposta.
She is feeling unwell.
Using 'mal-disposta' for a female subject.
Não estou bem-disposto.
I am not feeling well.
Negation of 'mal-disposto'.
O menino está mal-disposto.
The boy is feeling unwell.
Describing a child's state.
A menina está mal-disposta.
The girl is feeling unwell.
Describing a girl's state.
Estou um pouco mal-disposto.
I am a little unwell.
Using 'um pouco' for 'a little'.
Ele parece mal-disposto.
He seems unwell.
Using 'parece' (seems) with the adjective.
Acordei mal-disposto esta manhã.
I woke up feeling unwell this morning.
Past tense verb 'acordei' (I woke up) with 'mal-disposto'.
A Joana está mal-disposta e não quer comer.
Joana is feeling unwell and doesn't want to eat.
'Mal-disposta' agreeing with 'Joana' (feminine singular).
Porque estás tão mal-disposto?
Why are you feeling so unwell?
Question form, using 'mal-disposto' to inquire about someone's state.
Os rapazes estão mal-dispostos depois da viagem.
The boys are feeling unwell after the trip.
'Mal-dispostos' agreeing with 'rapazes' (masculine plural).
Sinto-me mal-disposto, acho que tenho uma constipação.
I feel unwell, I think I have a cold.
Using 'sinto-me' (I feel) with 'mal-disposto'.
O tempo hoje está mal-disposto.
The weather today is unpleasant.
Less common usage, referring to weather, but understandable.
Ela hoje está mal-disposta e prefere ficar em casa.
She is feeling unwell today and prefers to stay home.
Connecting 'mal-disposta' with a preference for staying home.
Não te preocupes, estou só um pouco mal-disposto.
Don't worry, I'm just a little unwell.
Reassuring someone when feeling slightly unwell.
Ele está mal-disposto e não quer sair para jantar.
He is feeling unwell and doesn't want to go out for dinner.
Expressing a refusal to participate in an activity due to feeling unwell.
A Margarida acordou mal-disposta e decidiu faltar à aula.
Margarida woke up feeling unwell and decided to skip class.
Linking feeling unwell to a decision to miss an obligation.
Estou mal-disposto com esta situação, não acho justo.
I am unhappy with this situation, I don't think it's fair.
Using 'mal-disposto' to express displeasure or being put out by a situation.
Os miúdos ficaram mal-dispostos depois de comerem doces a noite toda.
The kids felt unwell after eating sweets all night.
'Mal-dispostos' referring to the consequence of overindulgence.
Ele anda um pouco mal-disposto ultimamente, talvez precise de descansar mais.
He has been feeling a bit unwell lately, maybe he needs to rest more.
Using 'anda' to indicate a recurring or recent state of being unwell.
Não sei o que se passa contigo, estás sempre mal-disposto.
I don't know what's wrong with you, you are always in a bad mood.
Accusation of being consistently in a bad mood.
Depois da refeição, senti-me mal-disposto e com dores de estômago.
After the meal, I felt unwell and with stomach pains.
Specifying the type of discomfort associated with 'mal-disposto'.
Ela tem um temperamento um pouco mal-disposto nas manhãs de segunda-feira.
She has a somewhat grumpy disposition on Monday mornings.
Linking 'mal-disposto' to a specific time of day and personality trait.
O mau tempo deixou todos um pouco mal-dispostos e sem vontade de sair.
The bad weather left everyone a bit unwell and with no desire to go out.
Describing a collective mood affected by external factors.
Ele está mal-disposto com o colega de trabalho por causa de uma discussão antiga.
He is displeased with his coworker because of an old argument.
'Mal-disposto' used to express lingering resentment or displeasure towards someone.
A falta de sono tem-me deixado mal-disposto e com dificuldades de concentração.
Lack of sleep has been making me feel unwell and with difficulty concentrating.
Connecting 'mal-disposto' to a specific cause (lack of sleep) and its consequences.
Não leves a mal, mas hoje estou um bocado mal-disposto e prefiro ficar sozinho.
Don't take it personally, but today I'm a bit out of sorts and prefer to be alone.
Politely setting boundaries when feeling unwell or moody.
O ambiente na reunião estava tenso, com vários participantes visivelmente mal-dispostos.
The atmosphere in the meeting was tense, with several participants visibly unwell/in a bad mood.
Describing a collective negative atmosphere in a formal setting.
Depois de uma noite de insónias, acordei completamente mal-disposto e sem energia.
After a sleepless night, I woke up completely unwell and without energy.
Emphasizing the severity of feeling unwell due to insomnia.
Ela tem uma tendência a ficar mal-disposta quando está sob pressão no trabalho.
She has a tendency to become ill-tempered when under pressure at work.
Identifying a pattern of behavior linked to stress.
A sua atitude mal-disposta estava a afetar o moral de toda a equipa.
His ill-tempered attitude was affecting the morale of the entire team.
Describing the impact of a negative disposition on a group.
Apesar de se sentir mal-disposto fisicamente, ele manteve uma postura profissional impecável.
Despite feeling physically unwell, he maintained an impeccable professional demeanor.
Contrasting physical discomfort with professional conduct.
O seu sarcasmo habitual esconde uma melancolia subjacente, deixando-o frequentemente mal-disposto.
His usual sarcasm hides an underlying melancholy, often leaving him in a bad mood.
Exploring the psychological underpinnings of a 'mal-disposto' state.
A atmosfera política do país contribui para um sentimento generalizado de estar mal-disposto.
The country's political atmosphere contributes to a widespread feeling of being unwell/displeased.
Applying 'mal-disposto' to a collective societal sentiment.
Ela tentou disfarçar o seu estado mal-disposto, mas a sua linguagem corporal denunciava-a.
She tried to hide her unwell/grumpy state, but her body language betrayed her.
Highlighting the disconnect between verbal claims and non-verbal cues.
A sua aversão a crowds faz com que se sinta mal-disposto em eventos sociais de grande dimensão.
His aversion to crowds makes him feel unwell/uncomfortable in large social events.
Linking 'mal-disposto' to a specific phobia or aversion.
Mesmo quando se sentia fisicamente mal-disposto, ele nunca deixava que isso afetasse a sua criatividade.
Even when he felt physically unwell, he never let it affect his creativity.
Demonstrating resilience and compartmentalization of feelings.
O constante ciclo de más notícias deixava-o num estado de espírito mal-disposto e apático.
The constant cycle of bad news left him in a dispirited and apathetic state of mind.
Describing a prolonged state of negativity influenced by external information.
A sua tentativa de ser espirituoso falhou, resultando numa impressão de alguém mal-disposto e sarcástico.
His attempt at being witty failed, resulting in the impression of someone ill-tempered and sarcastic.
Analyzing the unintended negative perception of an action.
A sua reticência em participar ativamente nos debates era um reflexo do seu estado mal-disposto, decorrente de uma frustração profissional não resolvida.
His reluctance to actively participate in the debates was a reflection of his dispirited state, stemming from unresolved professional frustration.
Sophisticated analysis of behavior linked to underlying psychological states.
O escritor evoca com mestria a sensação de torpor e desânimo que acomete o protagonista, descrevendo-o como perpetuamente mal-disposto perante as adversidades da vida.
The writer masterfully evokes the feeling of torpor and despondency that befalls the protagonist, describing him as perpetually dispirited in the face of life's adversities.
Literary context, using 'mal-disposto' to describe a character's existential disposition.
A atmosfera opressiva do regime político criava um caldo cultural onde o descontentamento se manifestava como um mal-estar generalizado, um sentir-se coletivamente mal-disposto.
The oppressive atmosphere of the political regime created a cultural milieu where discontent manifested as a generalized malaise, a collective feeling of being unwell/displeased.
Sociopolitical commentary, applying 'mal-disposto' to a collective, systemic condition.
A sua eloquência, embora inegável, por vezes soava forçada, como se emanasse de alguém que, apesar de articulado, se encontrava intrinsecamente mal-disposto com o mundo.
His eloquence, though undeniable, sometimes sounded forced, as if emanating from someone who, despite being articulate, was intrinsically displeased with the world.
Nuanced observation of communication style reflecting an inner disposition.
O crítico literário apontou que a narrativa, embora tecnicamente competente, carecia de alma, transmitindo uma sensação de vazio e de um autor perpetuamente mal-disposto.
The literary critic pointed out that the narrative, though technically competent, lacked soul, conveying a sense of emptiness and of a perpetually dispirited author.
Artistic critique, using 'mal-disposto' to characterize an author's perceived sentiment.
Apesar dos elogios recebidos, a sua resposta foi contida, quase mal-disposta, como se a gratidão fosse um sentimento que lhe fosse alheio.
Despite the praise received, his response was restrained, almost grudging, as if gratitude were a feeling alien to him.
Describing a subtle negative reaction to positive attention.
A subtil ironia presente nas suas observações sugeria um observador perspicaz, mas também alguém intrinsecamente mal-disposto para com as frivolidades da sociedade.
The subtle irony present in his observations suggested a perceptive observer, but also someone intrinsically displeased with society's frivolities.
Analyzing irony as a manifestation of a critical and somewhat negative outlook.
O cansaço acumulado e a desilusão com os resultados projetaram uma sombra sobre o seu semblante, tornando-o visivelmente mal-disposto, mesmo nos momentos de celebração.
The accumulated fatigue and disillusionment with the results cast a shadow over his countenance, making him visibly dispirited, even in moments of celebration.
Depicting a persistent state of negativity that overshadows positive experiences.
よく使う組み合わせ
よく使うフレーズ
— She is feeling unwell / in a bad mood.
Ela está mal-disposta e vai ficar em casa a descansar.
— He seems unwell / in a bad mood.
Ele parece mal-disposto, talvez não tenha dormido bem.
— I woke up feeling unwell / in a bad mood.
Acordei mal-disposto e com dor de cabeça esta manhã.
— I am a little unwell / in a bad mood.
Estou um pouco mal-disposto, mas nada de sério.
— I became unwell / got into a bad mood.
Fiquei mal-disposto depois de ouvir a notícia.
— The kids are unwell / in a bad mood.
Os miúdos estão mal-dispostos porque não foram ao parque.
— I am not unwell / not in a bad mood.
Não estou mal-disposto, estou pronto para ajudar.
— He's been feeling unwell / in a bad mood lately.
Ele anda mal-disposto e apático nos últimos tempos.
よく混同される語
This is the direct opposite, meaning cheerful, in a good mood, or feeling well. It's crucial not to confuse 'mal' (bad) with 'bem' (good).
On its own, 'disposto' means willing, arranged, or even energetic. While related etymologically, 'mal-disposto' has a specific meaning of unwellness or bad mood that 'disposto' alone does not convey.
'Doente' specifically means sick. 'Mal-disposto' can be milder and also refers to mood, whereas 'doente' typically implies a more definite physical illness.
慣用句と表現
— To not be irritable or on edge. This is the opposite of being mal-disposto in terms of mood.
Hoje estou calmo, não estou com os nervos em riste.
Informal— To have a very bad temper or be extremely grumpy. This is a stronger, more colloquial way to say someone is mal-disposto (in mood).
Ele tem um mau humor de cão quando não bebe o café.
Informal— To not have a bit of health; to be very unwell. This emphasizes the physical aspect of being mal-disposto.
Depois daquela gripe, não tive um pingo de saúde durante semanas.
Informal— To feel very down, depressed, or demoralized. This relates to the emotional state of being mal-disposto.
Perdi o emprego e estou com a alma nas botas.
Informal— To not feel strong or energetic enough. This connects to the physical feeling of being mal-disposto.
Não me sinto com forças para ir trabalhar hoje.
Neutral— To be sulky or in a bad mood, with a downturned mouth. Similar to mal-disposto when referring to mood.
Porque estás de trombas? Conta-me.
Informal— To get very upset or angry, or for something to go very wrong. While not a direct synonym for mal-disposto, it describes a state of extreme negative emotion or a bad situation.
Quando soube da notícia, caiu-lhe o carmo e a trindade.
Informal— Literally 'to have a soft fontanelle', but idiomatically it can mean to be easily influenced or to be a bit slow-witted. It's not directly related to mal-disposto in meaning, but it's an example of a descriptive idiom.
Ele tem a moleira mole, aceita tudo o que lhe dizem.
Informal— To seem gloomy, down, or perhaps a bit unwell/sad. It's a visual descriptor of someone who might be mal-disposto.
Ele chegou com os ares pesados, parecia ter tido um dia difícil.
Neutral— To have a lump in one's throat, often due to sadness, anxiety, or suppressed emotion. This can be a physical manifestation of feeling mal-disposto emotionally.
Ao despedir-se, senti um nó na garganta.
Neutral間違えやすい
Both words can describe a bad mood.
'Mal-disposto' can refer to both physical unwellness and a bad mood. 'Mal-humorado' specifically and exclusively refers to being in a bad mood or being grumpy. If someone is physically sick, they are 'mal-disposto' (or 'doente'), but not necessarily 'mal-humorado'. If they are just grumpy, they can be both.
Ele está mal-disposto porque comeu algo estragado (physical), mas também está mal-humorado com todos (mood).
They are very similar and often interchangeable.
'Indisposto' is very similar to 'mal-disposto' and often used for mild physical unwellness. It can sometimes sound slightly more formal. However, 'mal-disposto' is generally more common in everyday, informal speech for both physical and mood-related issues.
Estou indisposto para sair hoje. / Estou mal-disposto para sair hoje.
Both can describe a negative emotional state.
'Contrariado' means displeased, annoyed, or put out by something specific. It implies a reaction to a particular event or situation that caused annoyance. 'Mal-disposto' can be more general, referring to a state of being unwell or a general bad mood that might not have a specific immediate cause.
Ele ficou contrariado porque o seu pedido não foi aceite. / Ele está mal-disposto hoje e não quer falar com ninguém.
Both can describe a negative emotional state, especially irritability.
'Irritado' specifically means irritated or annoyed, often implying a reaction to something that is bothering someone. 'Mal-disposto' can encompass irritability but is broader; it can also mean physically unwell or just generally grumpy without a clear trigger. If someone is actively annoyed by something, 'irritado' is more precise.
Ela ficou irritada com a pergunta. / Ela está mal-disposta hoje e respondeu mal.
Both words relate to not feeling well.
'Doente' specifically means physically sick or ill, usually implying a more definite health problem (like a cold, flu, or fever). 'Mal-disposto' is often used for milder, less specific feelings of unwellness, or for a bad mood. You are 'mal-disposto' if you feel a bit off; you are 'doente' if you have a diagnosed illness.
Tenho febre, estou doente. / Só me sinto um pouco indisposto, não estou doente.
文型パターン
Subject + estar + mal-disposto/a.
Eu estou mal-disposto.
Subject + parecer + mal-disposto/a.
Ele parece mal-disposto.
Acordar + mal-disposto/a.
Ela acordou mal-disposta.
Subject + sentir-se + mal-disposto/a.
Nós sentimos-nos mal-dispostos.
Ficar + mal-disposto/a + depois de + infinitive/noun.
Fiquei mal-disposto depois de comer.
Estar + mal-disposto/a + com + noun/pronoun.
Estou mal-disposto com esta situação.
Andar + mal-disposto/a + ultimamente.
Ele anda mal-disposto ultimamente.
Ser + mal-disposto/a (habitual).
Ele é um homem mal-disposto.
語族
名詞
動詞
形容詞
関連
使い方
Very High
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Forgetting gender/number agreement.
→
A Maria está mal-disposta. / Os rapazes estão mal-dispostos.
The adjective must agree with the subject. 'Mal-disposto' changes to 'mal-disposta' for feminine singular, 'mal-dispostos' for masculine plural, and 'mal-dispostas' for feminine plural.
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Using 'mal-disposto' for serious illnesses.
→
Ele tem febre alta, está doente. / Ela está com pneumonia, está muito doente.
'Mal-disposto' typically refers to mild unwellness or a bad mood. For definite illnesses, 'doente' or specific symptom descriptions are more appropriate.
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Confusing it with 'mal' and 'disposto' separately.
→
Estou mal-disposto.
'Mal-disposto' is a compound adjective with a specific meaning. Saying 'Estou mal e disposto' would not convey the intended meaning of feeling unwell or in a bad mood.
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Using 'ser mal-disposto' for temporary states.
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Eu estou mal-disposto hoje.
'Mal-disposto' describes a temporary condition (health or mood), so it is used with 'estar' (to be, temporary state), not 'ser' (to be, permanent characteristic).
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Using 'mal-disposto' when 'mal-humorado' or 'irritado' is more precise.
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Ele está irritado porque o plano falhou. / Ela está mal-humorada hoje.
While 'mal-disposto' can imply a bad mood, 'irritado' (irritated) and 'mal-humorado' (grumpy) are more specific for emotional states. Use them when the context clearly points to annoyance or a bad temper.
ヒント
Master Agreement
Always remember to adjust the ending of 'mal-disposto' to match the gender and number of the subject. This is crucial for correct Portuguese grammar. Practice saying sentences with masculine, feminine, singular, and plural subjects.
Learn Synonyms
Familiarize yourself with words like 'indisposto', 'doente', and 'mal-humorado'. Understanding their nuances will allow you to express yourself with greater precision and avoid repetition.
Stress and Sound
Practice pronouncing 'mal-disposto' with the stress on the '-pos-' syllable. Ensure you are using the correct vowel sounds and the voiced 'z' sound for the 's' in 'dis'.
Visual Association
Create a visual image in your mind, like a person who is 'badly arranged' (mal-disposto) like a messy pile of items, to remember the meaning of feeling unwell or out of sorts.
Sentence Building
Actively construct sentences using 'mal-disposto' in various contexts. Try to use it when describing your own feelings or the feelings of others in your practice sessions.
Everyday Use
Recognize that 'mal-disposto' is a very common word in everyday Portuguese. Listening to native speakers in podcasts, movies, or real-life conversations will help you grasp its natural usage.
Distinguish from 'Doente'
Remember that 'mal-disposto' is often milder than 'doente' (sick) and can also refer to mood. Use 'doente' for more definite illnesses and 'mal-disposto' for general unwellness or grumpiness.
Speaking Practice
When you feel slightly unwell or are in a bit of a bad mood, try to express it in Portuguese using 'mal-disposto'. This practical application will solidify your learning.
Regular Review
Periodically revisit the meaning, usage, and grammatical rules of 'mal-disposto' to ensure you retain the information and can use it confidently.
暗記しよう
記憶術
Imagine you are 'mal' (badly) 'disposto' (arranged) like a pile of clothes that fell on the floor. You feel messy and out of sorts, both physically and mentally.
視覚的連想
Picture a person looking grumpy and holding their stomach, with a dark cloud hovering over their head. The 'mal' (bad) feeling is visually represented by the dark cloud, and the 'disposto' (arranged) state is the messy, unwell appearance.
Word Web
チャレンジ
Try to describe your own feelings or the feelings of someone you know using 'mal-disposto' in at least three different sentences today. Focus on both physical and emotional contexts.
語源
The word 'mal-disposto' is a compound adjective formed in Portuguese. It combines the adverb 'mal' (badly, poorly) with the past participle of the verb 'dispor' (to dispose, to arrange, to set up).
元の意味： Literally, 'badly disposed' or 'poorly arranged'. This literal meaning evolved to describe a state of being unwell or in a bad mood.
Indo-European > Italic > Latin > Portuguese文化的な背景
While 'mal-disposto' is generally a mild term, it's polite to be mindful of context. If someone is seriously ill, using 'doente' might be more appropriate. When describing someone's mood, ensure it's not used in a judgmental way.
In English, similar expressions include 'feeling under the weather', 'out of sorts', 'in a bad mood', 'grumpy', or 'feeling off'. 'Mal-disposto' covers both the physical and emotional aspects.
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実際の使用場面
Discussing personal health and well-being.
- Estou mal-disposto hoje.
- Acordei mal-disposto.
- Sinto-me um pouco mal-disposto.
Describing someone's mood or disposition.
- Ele parece mal-disposto.
- Ela está mal-disposta com o colega.
- Não fiques mal-disposto.
Explaining absence or lack of participation.
- Não vou porque estou mal-disposto.
- Ele faltou porque estava mal-disposto.
- Estou mal-disposto para sair.
Commenting on general feelings or atmosphere.
- O tempo está mal-disposto.
- O ambiente ficou mal-disposto.
- Ando mal-disposto ultimamente.
Politely declining an invitation or request.
- Desculpa, hoje estou mal-disposto.
- Não me sinto bem-disposto para isso.
- Prefiro ficar em casa, estou mal-disposto.
会話のきっかけ
"Como te sentes hoje? Estás mal-disposto?"
"Sei que pareces um pouco mal-disposto, aconteceu alguma coisa?"
"Eu acordei mal-disposto esta manhã, acho que preciso de descansar mais."
"O que fazes quando te sentes mal-disposto?"
"Às vezes, sinto-me mal-disposto sem razão aparente, sabes porquê?"
日記のテーマ
Describe a time you woke up feeling mal-disposto. What were the symptoms, and how did it affect your day?
Think about a situation where someone was mal-disposto. How did their mood or physical state impact those around them?
How do you usually express that you are feeling mal-disposto? Do you use specific phrases or explain your symptoms?
Compare and contrast 'mal-disposto' with 'doente' and 'mal-humorado'. When would you use each word?
Write a short dialogue where one person is mal-disposto and the other tries to help or understand.
よくある質問
10 問No, 'mal-disposto' is versatile and can refer to both physical unwellness (feeling sick, uncomfortable) and a negative emotional state (being in a bad mood, grumpy, irritable). The context usually makes it clear which meaning is intended. For example, 'Acordei mal-disposto' often implies physical discomfort, while 'Ele está mal-disposto com o colega' implies a mood issue.
'Doente' specifically means sick or ill, usually implying a more definite physical ailment like a cold or fever. 'Mal-disposto' is often used for milder, less specific feelings of unwellness, or for a general bad mood. You might feel 'mal-disposto' if you have a slight headache or stomach ache, but you'd say you are 'doente' if you have the flu.
'Mal-humorado' specifically means bad-tempered or grumpy. It focuses solely on disposition. 'Mal-disposto' can cover this, but it also includes feeling physically unwell. If someone is just grumpy, 'mal-humorado' is more precise. If they are physically sick and consequently grumpy, 'mal-disposto' is appropriate.
Yes, absolutely. 'Mal-disposto' is an adjective and must agree in gender and number with the noun or pronoun it describes. For a masculine singular subject, it's 'mal-disposto'. For a feminine singular subject, it's 'mal-disposta'. For masculine plural subjects, it's 'mal-dispostos', and for feminine plural subjects, it's 'mal-dispostas'.
While less common, it can sometimes be used to describe the weather, for example, 'O tempo está mal-disposto' (The weather is gloomy/unpleasant). However, its primary and most frequent use is for people's physical or emotional states.
'Mal-disposto' is generally considered neutral to informal. It's very common in everyday conversations among friends, family, and colleagues. In highly formal medical or academic contexts, more specific terms like 'indisposição' or 'mal-estar' might be preferred, but 'mal-disposto' is widely understood.
The direct opposite is 'bem-disposto', which means cheerful, in a good mood, or feeling well. Other antonyms for the mood aspect include 'alegre' (happy) or 'contente' (content).
Both are very common and largely interchangeable. 'Estar mal-disposto' is a direct statement of the state. 'Sentir-se mal-disposto' emphasizes the subjective feeling or perception of being unwell. 'Eu estou mal-disposto' and 'Eu sinto-me mal-disposto' are both correct and widely used.
Yes, it's very common to use 'mal-disposto' or 'mal-disposta' for children. For example, 'O meu filho acordou mal-disposto e não vai à escola hoje.' or 'A menina está mal-disposta e quer ficar no sofá.'
Generally, no. It usually implies a mild or temporary condition, or a bad mood. For serious illnesses, words like 'doente', 'enfermo', or specific symptom descriptions are more appropriate.
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Summary
Mal-disposto is a versatile Portuguese adjective for describing temporary states of physical unwellness or a bad mood. Always ensure it agrees in gender and number with the subject it modifies.
- Mal-disposto means feeling unwell or in a bad mood.
- It applies to both physical discomfort and negative emotions.
- Remember to adjust for gender and number (mal-disposto/a/os/as).
- Commonly used in everyday conversations.
Master Agreement
Always remember to adjust the ending of 'mal-disposto' to match the gender and number of the subject. This is crucial for correct Portuguese grammar. Practice saying sentences with masculine, feminine, singular, and plural subjects.
Context is Key
Pay close attention to the context to determine if 'mal-disposto' refers to physical health or a mood. The surrounding conversation and tone of voice are important clues. This will help you understand and use the word more accurately.
Learn Synonyms
Familiarize yourself with words like 'indisposto', 'doente', and 'mal-humorado'. Understanding their nuances will allow you to express yourself with greater precision and avoid repetition.
Stress and Sound
Practice pronouncing 'mal-disposto' with the stress on the '-pos-' syllable. Ensure you are using the correct vowel sounds and the voiced 'z' sound for the 's' in 'dis'.
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