náuseo 30秒で
- Náuseo is a formal adjective meaning 'feeling nauseous'.
- It comes from the Greek word for ship, 'naus'.
- It must agree in gender: náuseo (m) and náusea (f).
- In daily life, 'enjoado' is much more common.
The Portuguese adjective náuseo is a specialized term used to describe the physical state of feeling sick to one's stomach, specifically the sensation that precedes vomiting. While the word enjoado is far more common in everyday conversation, náuseo appears in medical, literary, and formal contexts to denote a person experiencing nausea. It originates from the Greek 'naus' (ship), which is the same root as 'nautical,' highlighting the historical link between sea travel and the feeling of sickness. Understanding this word is essential for learners who wish to navigate formal healthcare settings or read classic Portuguese literature where physical sensations are described with precision.
- Clinical Precision
- In a medical report, a doctor might note that a patient is 'náuseo' to indicate a symptom of a larger condition, such as food poisoning or a reaction to medication. It is more clinical than saying someone is simply 'passing out' or 'feeling bad.'
- Literary Usage
- Authors often use 'náuseo' to evoke a visceral reaction in the reader, describing a character's internal struggle with their environment or their own physical fragility.
Após a longa viagem de barco, o marinheiro sentia-se profundamente náuseo e pálido.
When you use náuseo, you are communicating a specific type of discomfort. It is not just general tiredness or a headache; it is the specific, churning sensation in the abdomen. Interestingly, because it is an adjective, it must agree in gender and number with the subject it describes. A woman would say 'Estou náusea,' although this can be confusing because náusea is also the noun for the sensation itself. To avoid ambiguity, many speakers prefer nauseado or enjoado, but recognizing náuseo marks you as a sophisticated speaker of the language.
O paciente queixou-se de estar náuseo desde o início da manhã.
Furthermore, the word can be used metaphorically. Just as in English we might say a political situation makes us 'sick to our stomachs,' a Portuguese speaker might use 'náuseo' to describe a state of moral or existential disgust. This is particularly prevalent in philosophical texts, such as those influenced by Jean-Paul Sartre's 'La Nausée' (A Náusea). In these contexts, the word transcends biology and enters the realm of ethics and psychology, describing a profound unease with existence itself.
- Formal Contexts
- Used in news reports or formal literature to describe the effects of toxins or extreme smells on a population.
O cheiro forte deixou todos os presentes náuseos.
Using náuseo correctly requires attention to the verb it accompanies and the gender of the person feeling the sensation. Most commonly, it is paired with the verb estar (to be - temporary state) or sentir-se (to feel). Because it is a temporary physical state, ser is almost never used unless describing a permanent medical condition, which is rare. When you say 'Estou náuseo,' you are informing someone of your current, likely transient, state of stomach distress.
- Agreement
- As an adjective, it changes: náuseo (masculine singular), náusea (feminine singular), náuseos (masculine plural), náuseas (feminine plural). Note that 'náuseas' as a plural adjective is identical to 'náuseas' the plural noun.
Ela sentiu-se náusea ao ver o sangue.
In more complex sentences, náuseo can be modified by adverbs to show intensity. You might be 'ligeiramente náuseo' (slightly nauseous) or 'extremamente náuseo' (extremely nauseous). It is also frequently followed by the preposition 'com' (with) or 'por causa de' (because of) to explain the cause of the feeling. For example, 'Estou náuseo com o movimento do carro' (I am nauseous with the movement of the car).
Os passageiros ficaram náuseos durante a turbulência.
One should also consider the word's position. While usually following a linking verb, it can occasionally precede a noun in poetic or highly formal writing, though this is quite rare in modern Portuguese. For instance, 'O náuseo estado do paciente' (The nauseous state of the patient). In this case, it emphasizes the state itself rather than the person's feeling. This flexibility is part of what makes the word useful in professional health documentation where descriptive accuracy is paramount.
- Common Adverbs
- Frequent modifiers include: 'bastante' (quite), 'um pouco' (a bit), 'visivelmente' (visibly).
Ele parecia visivelmente náuseo após a medicação.
If you are walking down a street in Lisbon or Rio de Janeiro and someone feels sick, they will likely shout 'Estou enjoado!' or 'Vou vomitar!'. You are unlikely to hear náuseo in a casual bar or at a family dinner. However, its presence in the Portuguese-speaking world is found in specific professional and intellectual spheres. Hospitals, pharmacies, and medical textbooks are the primary 'natural habitats' for this word. A pharmacist might ask, 'Sente-se náuseo?' when explaining the side effects of a new prescription.
- The Medical Setting
- In triage or during a consultation, healthcare professionals use 'náuseo' because it is technically precise. It distinguishes the urge to vomit from other types of stomach pain (dor de estômago) or indigestion (indigestão).
O relatório médico indicava que o sujeito estava náuseo e febril.
Another place you will encounter náuseo is in news broadcasts or formal journalism, particularly when reporting on public health crises, chemical leaks, or environmental disasters. Journalists use the word to maintain a professional tone while describing the physical suffering of a population. For example, a report on a gas leak might state that 'vários residentes ficaram náuseos devido ao odor'. It provides a level of detachment and objectivity that 'enjoado' lacks.
A literatura clássica descreve o herói como um homem náuseo diante da corrupção.
Lastly, in the academic world—specifically in philosophy and psychology—the word is used to describe a specific existential state. This usage is common in university lectures discussing existentialism. Here, being 'náuseo' isn't about having eaten bad shrimp; it's about a character's reaction to the absurdity of life. Students of philosophy in Coimbra or São Paulo will use this term when analyzing the works of Sartre or Camus in Portuguese translation, where the physical sensation is a metaphor for a spiritual crisis.
- Aviation and Maritime
- Safety instructions on planes or ships might use 'náuseo' in their printed materials to describe motion sickness symptoms formally.
Se se sentir náuseo, utilize o saco de papel no assento à frente.
One of the most frequent errors learners make is confusing the adjective náuseo with the noun náusea. In English, 'nausea' is the noun and 'nauseous' is the adjective. In Portuguese, náusea is the noun (the feeling), but because the feminine adjective form is also náusea, it creates a linguistic trap. A male learner saying 'Estou náusea' is grammatically incorrect (it should be 'náuseo'), and a female learner saying 'Tenho náuseo' is also wrong (it should be 'Tenho náuseas').
- Noun vs. Adjective
- Mistake: 'Eu tenho um náuseo.' Correct: 'Eu tenho náusea' (noun) or 'Eu estou náuseo' (adjective). You possess the noun, but you ARE the adjective.
Errado: O rapaz está náusea. Correto: O rapaz está náuseo.
Another common pitfall is the confusion between náuseo and nauseabundo. While náuseo describes the person who feels sick, nauseabundo (or nauseante) describes the thing that causes the sickness. If you say 'O jantar está náuseo,' you are personifying the dinner as if it were feeling sick. You should say 'O jantar está nauseabundo' (The dinner is nauseating). This distinction is vital for clear communication.
O lixo tinha um cheiro nauseabundo, deixando-me náuseo.
Finally, learners often over-rely on náuseo in casual settings because it sounds like the English 'nauseous.' As mentioned, 'enjoado' is much more natural. Using 'náuseo' at a party might make you sound like a biology textbook. While not technically a mistake, it is a 'register error.' To sound like a native, use 'enjoado' with friends and reserve 'náuseo' for your doctor or your thesis on 19th-century poetry.
- Register Confusion
- Avoid using 'náuseo' in slang or very informal speech. It breaks the flow of natural conversation.
Amigo, estou enjoado (better than náuseo) com tanto doce.
Portuguese offers a rich variety of words to describe the sensation of being sick, each with its own nuance. The most direct synonym for náuseo is nauseado. While náuseo is a pure adjective, nauseado is the past participle of the verb nausear. In modern speech, nauseado is much more common and serves the same purpose of describing the feeling of nausea. If you find náuseo too formal, nauseado is a safe middle ground.
- Enjoado
- The universal term. It covers everything from motion sickness to eating too much chocolate. It is the 'go-to' word for any stomach upset.
- Mareado
- Specifically used for sea-sickness. While 'náuseo' comes from the word for ship, 'mareado' comes from 'mar' (sea). Use this on a boat.
Não estou apenas náuseo, estou completamente mareado!
Another alternative is indisposto. This is a polite, slightly vague way of saying you don't feel well, often implying stomach issues without being as graphic as náuseo. It is the perfect word to use when you need to leave a meeting or a social event because your stomach is acting up. It translates roughly to 'indisposed' or 'under the weather.' For a more intense feeling, specifically the 'gagging' reflex, speakers use com ânsia de vômito.
A comida estava nauseante, por isso ele ficou náuseo.
In some Brazilian dialects, you might hear com gastura or agoniado to describe a similar stomach distress, though these often carry additional meanings of anxiety or physical irritation. In Portugal, mal-disposto is the standard equivalent to enjoado. Understanding these regional and formal variations allows you to tailor your speech to your audience, ensuring you are understood whether you are in a high-tech clinic in Porto or a beach bar in Bahia.
- Mal-disposto
- Common in Portugal. It covers nausea, general malaise, and even a bad mood, depending on context.
Ele acordou mal-disposto e náuseo.
発音ガイド
- Pronouncing the 'au' as two separate vowels instead of a diphthong.
- Misplacing the stress on the 'se' syllable.
- Confusing the pronunciation with the noun 'náusea'.
- Using an English 'z' sound for the 's'. In Portuguese, it is a soft 'z' sound between vowels.
- Dropping the final 'o' or 'a'.
レベル別の例文
Eu estou náuseo.
I am nauseous.
Uses 'estar' for a temporary state.
Você está náuseo?
Are you nauseous?
Question form with masculine adjective.
Ela está náusea.
She is nauseous.
Feminine agreement: náusea.
O café me deixa náuseo.
Coffee makes me nauseous.
Direct object 'me' with adjective.
Não estou náuseo agora.
I am not nauseous now.
Negative sentence.
Ele ficou náuseo no mar.
He got nauseous at sea.
Verb 'ficar' meaning 'to become'.
Nós estamos náuseos.
We are nauseous.
Plural masculine agreement.
Sinto-me náuseo.
I feel nauseous.
Reflexive verb 'sentir-se'.
Sinto-me náuseo por causa do calor.
I feel nauseous because of the heat.
Using 'por causa de' for cause.
Ela ficou náusea depois de comer o peixe.
She got nauseous after eating the fish.
Past tense 'ficou' with feminine adjective.
Os passageiros estão náuseos devido às ondas.
The passengers are nauseous due to the waves.
Plural agreement with 'devido a'.
O remédio pode deixar você náuseo.
The medicine can make you nauseous.
Modal verb 'pode' + infinitive.
Eu nunca fico náuseo em aviões.
I never get nauseous on planes.
Adverb 'nunca' with 'ficar'.
Se você estiver náuseo, beba água.
If you are nauseous, drink water.
Conditional sentence with subjunctive 'estiver'.
Ela parecia náusea durante a aula.
She seemed nauseous during the class.
Verb 'parecer' (to seem).
O cheiro de tinta me deixa náuseo.
The smell of paint makes me nauseous.
Causative structure.
Embora estivesse náuseo, ele terminou o discurso.
Although he was nauseous, he finished the speech.
Concessive clause with 'embora' + subjunctive.
Muitos pacientes sentem-se náuseos após a cirurgia.
Many patients feel nauseous after surgery.
General statement about a group.
É comum ficar náuseo em estradas com muitas curvas.
It is common to get nauseous on winding roads.
Impersonal expression 'É comum'.
Ela disse que se sentia náusea desde ontem.
She said she had been feeling nauseous since yesterday.
Reported speech.
O aroma era tão forte que todos ficaram náuseos.
The aroma was so strong that everyone got nauseous.
Consecutive clause 'tão... que'.
Você ainda se sente náuseo ou já passou?
Do you still feel nauseous or has it passed?
Alternative question.
Evite ler no carro para não ficar náuseo.
Avoid reading in the car so you don't get nauseous.
Imperative 'evite' and purpose clause.
O médico perguntou se eu estava náuseo.
The doctor asked if I was nauseous.
Indirect question.
A quimioterapia costuma deixar o indivíduo náuseo por dias.
Chemotherapy usually leaves the individual nauseous for days.
Formal medical context.
Fiquei náuseo diante de tamanha injustiça.
I felt nauseous in the face of such injustice.
Metaphorical use of 'náuseo'.
O efeito colateral mais relatado foi sentir-se náuseo.
The most reported side effect was feeling nauseous.
Passive/Formal reporting style.
Caso se sinta náuseo, interrompa o uso do produto imediatamente.
In case you feel nauseous, stop using the product immediately.
Conditional 'Caso' + subjunctive.
Ele estava visivelmente náuseo, com o rosto pálido.
He was visibly nauseous, with a pale face.
Use of adverb 'visivelmente'.
A vertigem frequentemente faz com que a pessoa fique náusea.
Vertigo often causes the person to become nauseous.
Complex causative construction.
Sentir-se náuseo é uma reação natural a certos odores.
Feeling nauseous is a natural reaction to certain odors.
Infinitive as subject.
Os marinheiros, já náuseos, ansiavam por terra firme.
The sailors, already nauseous, longed for dry land.
Appositive adjective phrase.
A náusea existencial deixava-o permanentemente náuseo perante a vida.
Existential nausea left him permanently nauseous toward life.
Philosophical context.
O odor fétido do pântano tornou os exploradores náuseos.
The fetid odor of the swamp made the explorers nauseous.
High-register vocabulary (fétido).
Raramente um orador se sente náuseo antes de um grande público.
Rarely does a speaker feel nauseous before a large audience.
Inversion for emphasis.
O paciente apresentava-se náuseo e com sudorese fria.
The patient presented as nauseous and with cold sweats.
Clinical 'apresentar-se'.
A instabilidade do navio deixou até os mais experientes náuseos.
The instability of the ship left even the most experienced nauseous.
Use of 'até' for emphasis.
Sinto-me náuseo só de imaginar aquela cena terrível.
I feel nauseous just imagining that terrible scene.
Gerund phrase as cause.
A exposição prolongada ao gás deixou os operários náuseos.
Prolonged exposure to the gas left the workers nauseous.
Passive-like causative structure.
Não obstante estar náuseo, ele não cancelou a reunião.
Notwithstanding being nauseous, he did not cancel the meeting.
Formal 'Não obstante'.
O protagonista, náuseo de si mesmo, buscava uma redenção impossível.
The protagonist, nauseous of himself, sought an impossible redemption.
Reflexive metaphorical use.
A emanação de vapores tóxicos deixou a população náusea e em pânico.
The emanation of toxic vapors left the population nauseous and in panic.
Formal collective noun agreement.
Sob a égide da doença, ele permanecia náuseo e prostrado.
Under the aegis of the illness, he remained nauseous and prostrate.
Sophisticated prepositional phrase.
A crueza da realidade tornava-o náuseo, num asco profundo.
The rawness of reality made him nauseous, in a deep loathing.
Nouns of feeling (asco).
Ficamos náuseos face à decadência moral daquela sociedade.
We became nauseous in the face of the moral decadence of that society.
Abstract 'face à'.
O estado náuseo do enfermo preocupava a junta médica.
The nauseous state of the sick man worried the medical board.
Attributive use of adjective.
Ainda que náuseo, o capitão manteve o curso da embarcação.
Even though nauseous, the captain maintained the vessel's course.
Elliptical concessive clause.
A sensação de estar náuseo era apenas o prelúdio do colapso.
The sensation of being nauseous was merely the prelude to the collapse.
Noun phrase as subject.
よく使う組み合わせ
よく使うフレーズ
— That made me nauseous (often metaphorical).
Fiquei náuseo com aquela notícia.
— The medicine makes me nauseous.
O remédio deixa-me náuseo todas as manhãs.
慣用句と表現
— When your stomach is turning.
Estou com o estômago às voltas, sinto-me náuseo.
Informal— To make one's stomach turn.
Aquelas imagens embrulham o estômago e deixam-me náuseo.
Neutral— To be extremely nauseated or disgusted.
Fiquei com os fígados revirados e náuseo.
Informal— A deep feeling of philosophical disgust.
Ele sofre de uma náusea existencial constante.
Academic— To have a knot in the stomach from nerves or nausea.
A ansiedade deu-me um nó no estômago e fiquei náuseo.
Neutral— To make someone dizzy/nauseous.
Esta montanha-russa dá uma volta ao juízo e deixa-me náuseo.
Informal— To lose one's appetite (often due to nausea).
Estou náuseo, perdi o apetite.
Neutral語族
名詞
動詞
形容詞
関連
Summary
Use 'náuseo' when you want to be precise or formal about feeling sick to your stomach. Example: 'O paciente sentia-se náuseo após a medicação' (The patient felt nauseous after the medication).
- Náuseo is a formal adjective meaning 'feeling nauseous'.
- It comes from the Greek word for ship, 'naus'.
- It must agree in gender: náuseo (m) and náusea (f).
- In daily life, 'enjoado' is much more common.
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