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B1 verb 8分で読める

означать

To signify or represent

At the A1 level, you should learn 'означать' as a formal way to ask 'What does this mean?'. While 'Что это значит?' is more common for beginners, you might see 'Что означает это слово?' in your textbook. At this stage, focus on the present tense: 'означает' (singular) and 'означают' (plural). Think of it as an equals sign between two words. For example, 'Привет означает Hello'. It is a very useful word for expanding your vocabulary because it allows you to ask for definitions in Russian without using English. You don't need to worry about complex grammar yet, just remember that the word being defined is the subject, and the definition is the object. Keep your sentences simple and use it primarily for word-to-word translations.
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At the A2 level, you can start using 'означать' to describe symbols and signs you see in daily life. You should be able to explain traffic signs, simple icons on your phone, or weather symbols. For example, 'Это облако означает дождь' (This cloud signifies rain). You should also practice using the past tense: 'означал', 'означала', 'означало'. This is useful when talking about things you learned previously. At this level, you should also be aware of the difference between 'означать' and 'значить'. Remember that 'означать' is more about definitions and 'значить' is more for 'it means that...'. You can start using the 'что' construction: 'Это означает, что магазин закрыт' (This means that the store is closed). This helps you build longer, more complex thoughts.
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At the B1 level, you should use 'означать' to discuss abstract concepts and logical implications. This is the level where you move beyond simple objects and start talking about ideas. You might use it in a discussion about culture: 'В нашей культуре этот жест означает уважение' (In our culture, this gesture signifies respect). You should be comfortable with the verb's transitive nature and ensure you are using the Accusative case correctly for the object. You should also be able to distinguish 'означать' from 'иметь в виду' (to mean/intend) to avoid common learner mistakes. At B1, you are expected to use this word in more formal writing, such as short essays or business emails, to define terms or interpret data. It becomes a tool for analysis rather than just simple translation.
At the B2 level, you should have a nuanced understanding of 'означать' versus its synonyms like 'символизировать', 'обозначать', and 'подразумевать'. You should be able to use it in academic contexts to define variables or scientific phenomena. You might say, 'В данном исследовании этот коэффициент означает уровень инфляции' (In this study, this coefficient signifies the inflation level). You should also be familiar with the passive-like use of the participle 'означаемый' (the signified) in linguistic or philosophical texts. Your use of 'означать' should be precise; you use it for objective representation. You should also be able to recognize it in literature where it might be used to describe the metaphorical meaning of events or omens.
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At the C1 level, you use 'означать' with full mastery of its register and stylistic implications. You can use it to deconstruct complex texts or legal documents. You understand that in legal Russian, 'означать' provides the definitive boundary for a term's scope. You can also use it in high-level debates to clarify logical fallacies or semantic shifts. For example, 'Ваше использование этого термина означает подмену понятий' (Your use of this term signifies a substitution of concepts). You should be able to use the verb in all its forms, including the rare perfective 'означить' in specific historical or bureaucratic contexts. Your vocabulary should include related nouns like 'ознаменование' (commemoration/marking) and you should understand the semiotic depth of the root.
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At the C2 level, 'означать' is just one tool in a vast arsenal of semantic descriptors. You can discuss the philosophical implications of 'означающее' (the signifier) and 'означаемое' (the signified) in the works of Saussure or Russian formalists. You use the verb to navigate the most complex layers of meaning in classical poetry or modern political discourse. You can detect when a speaker uses 'означать' to sound authoritative or when they use it to hide a lack of concrete evidence behind a facade of 'logical' representation. You are comfortable using the verb in highly technical fields, from semiotics to computer science (where it might describe the mapping of data), and you can effortlessly switch between 'означать' and its most obscure synonyms to achieve perfect stylistic harmony.
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例文 メモとヒント

означать 30秒で

  • A formal verb used to define words, symbols, or signs.
  • Translates to 'signify' or 'denote' and takes the Accusative case.
  • Distinguished from 'значить' by its more objective and precise tone.
  • Essential for academic, legal, and technical Russian communication.

The Russian verb означать is a fundamental term used to describe the relationship between a sign and its meaning. In English, it is most closely translated as 'to signify,' 'to denote,' or 'to represent.' While English speakers often use the word 'mean' for almost everything, Russian distinguishes between the more colloquial значить and the more formal or precise означать. This verb is transitive, meaning it typically requires a direct object in the accusative case to complete its meaning. It is an imperfective verb, focusing on the ongoing state of representation rather than a completed action.

Semantic Range
The word covers everything from linguistic definitions to symbolic representations and logical consequences. It is used when a symbol, word, or action points to a specific concept.
Register
It is highly common in academic, scientific, and official contexts. While you can use it in daily speech, it sounds slightly more deliberate and analytical than 'значить'.

Этот символ может означать несколько разных вещей в зависимости от контекста.

(This symbol can signify several different things depending on the context.)

In a broader sense, означать is used to describe the implications of an event. If a company's profits fall, a commentator might say, 'Это означает кризис' (This signifies a crisis). Here, the verb links a factual observation with a larger interpretation. It is the bridge between raw data and human understanding. Unlike the verb иметь в виду (to mean/intend), означать is objective; it refers to what the thing itself represents, not what a person is trying to say.

Поднятый вверх большой палец обычно означает одобрение.

(A thumb pointed up usually signifies approval.)

Furthermore, the word is essential in the study of semiotics—the science of signs. In Russian linguistics, the 'signifier' is called означающее and the 'signified' is означаемое, both derived from this verb. This highlights how deeply the concept of 'meaning-making' is embedded in this specific Russian root. When you use this word, you are operating in a space of logic and definitions. It is a word that demands clarity and provides structure to descriptions of the world around us.

Logical Connection
It often functions as an equals sign (=) in a sentence. A = B, where A is the sign and B is the meaning.

Молчание не всегда означает согласие.

(Silence does not always signify consent.)

Using означать correctly requires attention to the grammatical structure surrounding it. Most commonly, it follows the pattern: [Subject in Nominative] + означает + [Object in Accusative]. Alternatively, it can be followed by a subordinate clause starting with что (that). This flexibility allows it to describe both simple noun-to-noun relationships and complex conceptual implications.

Слово «мир» означает и отсутствие войны, и планету.

(The word 'mir' signifies both the absence of war and the planet.)

When the meaning being described is an entire action or a fact, we use the 'что' construction. For example: 'Тот факт, что он не пришёл, означает, что он болен' (The fact that he didn't come signifies that he is ill). In this structure, означает acts as the logical link between a premise and a conclusion. It is important to note that the verb does not change its form based on the gender of the subject in the past tense unless the subject is feminine or neuter (означал, означала, означало, означали).

Direct Objects
The object must be in the Accusative case. For inanimate masculine and all neuter nouns, this looks like the Nominative. For feminine nouns, change -а to -у.

Его улыбка означала победу.

(His smile signified victory.)

In questions, the word что often serves as the subject. 'Что означает этот жест?' (What does this gesture signify?). Here, 'что' is the question word for the meaning, and 'этот жест' is the subject. This can be confusing for learners because 'что' can be both subject and object. To clarify: the thing doing the signifying is the subject, and the meaning is the object. If you are asking for a definition, you are asking for the object.

Эти цифры означают дату вашего рождения.

(These numbers signify the date of your birth.)

One stylistic nuance: означать is rarely used in the imperative (command) form or the first/second person (I/You) unless you are personifying an object in a literary context. You wouldn't say 'I signify' in a normal conversation. Instead, you would say 'I mean' (Я имею в виду). This reinforces the verb's role as a tool for objective description rather than subjective expression.

You will encounter означать most frequently in education and professional environments. If you are taking a Russian language class, your teacher will use it constantly to explain new vocabulary: 'Это слово означает...' (This word signifies...). In a museum, the audio guide might use it to explain the symbolism in a painting: 'Голубь означает мир' (The dove signifies peace). It is the language of explanation and decoding.

В математике этот знак означает бесконечность.

(In mathematics, this sign signifies infinity.)

In the world of law and contracts, означать is used to define terms of an agreement. A contract might state: 'Термин "Продавец" означает компанию А' (The term 'Seller' signifies Company A). This level of precision is why the word is preferred over 'значить' in legal Russian. 'Значить' can imply a more vague 'importance' or 'consequence,' whereas 'означать' is about identity and definition. In news broadcasts, when analysts discuss political moves, they use it to interpret actions: 'Этот визит означает начало новых переговоров' (This visit signifies the start of new negotiations).

News & Media
Used to provide expert analysis on what specific events or data points imply for the future.
Scientific Research
Used to define variables and results in experiments.

Снижение температуры означает завершение реакции.

(A drop in temperature signifies the completion of the reaction.)

In technology, error messages and UI descriptions often use this verb. 'Этот значок означает, что Wi-Fi отключен' (This icon signifies that Wi-Fi is disconnected). It is the standard way to explain a user interface. Even in casual settings, if someone uses a slang term you don't know, you might ask: 'А что это означает на молодёжном сленге?' (And what does this signify in youth slang?). While 'значит' is shorter, 'означает' sounds like you are asking for a formal definition.

Красная линия на карте означает государственную границу.

(The red line on the map signifies the state border.)

The most common mistake for English speakers is overusing означать where иметь в виду or значить would be more appropriate. In English, 'I mean' can express intent, clarification, or definition. In Russian, these are split. If you want to say 'I mean that...', you must use Я имею в виду, что.... Using Я означаю would literally mean 'I, as a person, am a symbol that signifies...', which makes no sense in 99% of contexts.

❌ Я означаю, что нам пора идти. (Incorrect)
✅ Я имею в виду, что нам пора идти. (Correct)

Another error involves the confusion between означать and значить. While they are often interchangeable, значить has a secondary meaning of 'to be important.' For example, 'Ты много для меня значишь' (You mean a lot to me). You cannot use означать here. Означать is strictly for representation and definition, not for emotional value or significance. Using it for emotional importance sounds robotic and cold.

Confusion with 'Значить'
Remember: 'Значить' is for 'importance' and 'casual meaning'. 'Означать' is for 'formal definition' and 'symbolism'.

Grammatically, learners often forget the Accusative case for the object. Because many Russian nouns look the same in Nominative and Accusative, students might get lucky, but with feminine nouns, the error is obvious. For instance, 'Это означает победу' is correct, while 'Это означает победа' is a basic case error. The meaning (the object) is what the subject is 'acting upon' through the process of representation.

❌ Это означает конец. (Correct, but formal)
✅ Это значит, что всё кончено. (More natural for spoken Russian)

Lastly, be careful with the perfective aspect. Some learners try to use означить to mean 'meant' (past completed), but означить in modern Russian is mostly used to mean 'to mark' or 'to label' something physically or officially. Stick to означало (imperfective past) for meanings that were true in the past.

Russian has several verbs that overlap with означать, each with its own flavor. The most obvious is значить, which we've discussed. However, if you want to sound more sophisticated or precise, you might consider символизировать, выражать, or свидетельствовать. Choosing the right one depends on whether you are talking about symbols, emotions, or evidence.

Символизировать
Specifically used for symbols and artistic representation. While a green light 'означает' go, a white dove 'символизирует' peace.
Выражать
To express. Used when a gesture or word conveys an internal feeling or thought. 'Его лицо выражало грусть' (His face expressed sadness).
Свидетельствовать о
To testify or bear witness to. Used when one fact provides evidence for another. 'Эти улики свидетельствуют о его вине' (This evidence testifies to his guilt).

Красный цвет здесь символизирует страсть, а не просто означает опасность.

(Red color here symbolizes passion, rather than just signifying danger.)

In a technical sense, you might use обозначать. This is very close to означать but focuses more on the act of 'labeling' or 'marking'. For example, 'Буквой X мы обозначаем неизвестное число' (With the letter X we denote/label the unknown number). Use обозначать when you are the one assigning the meaning, and означать when the meaning is already established or inherent.

Этот термин подразумевает наличие опыта.

(This term implies/presupposes the presence of experience.)

Another useful alternative is подразумевать (to imply). Use this when the meaning isn't explicitly stated but is understood from the context. 'Когда я говорю "завтра", я подразумеваю утро' (When I say 'tomorrow,' I imply the morning). This adds a layer of nuance that означать lacks, as означать is usually about direct, explicit definitions.

豆知識

The root '-зна-' is the same as in 'знать' (to know). So, to 'signify' something is literally to 'bring it into knowledge' through a sign.

発音ガイド

UK ɐznɐˈtɕætʲ
US oz-na-chat
означа́ть
韻が合う語
начать молчать кричать стучать звучать встречать отвечать качать
よくある間違い
  • Stressing the first syllable (O-znachat).
  • Pronouncing the first 'o' clearly as 'o' instead of a reduced 'a'.
  • Confusing the soft 't' at the end with a hard 't'.
  • Mispronouncing the 'zn' cluster as 'sn'.
  • Making the 'ch' sound too harsh.
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レベル別の例文

1

Что означает это слово?

What does this word mean?

Simple question structure with 'что' as the object.

2

Этот знак означает 'стоп'.

This sign means 'stop'.

Subject (знак) + Verb (означает) + Object (стоп).

3

Синий цвет означает воду.

Blue color signifies water.

Present tense singular.

4

Что означает имя Анна?

What does the name Anna mean?

Asking for the meaning of a proper noun.

5

Это означает 'да'.

This means 'yes'.

Using 'это' as a general subject.

6

Цветы означают весну.

Flowers signify spring.

Present tense plural (означают).

7

Красный означает опасность.

Red signifies danger.

Adjective used as a noun in the subject position.

8

Что означает твой жест?

What does your gesture mean?

Possessive pronoun 'твой' modifying the subject.

1

Этот символ означает выход.

This symbol signifies the exit.

Direct object 'выход' in Accusative.

2

Что означало это письмо?

What did this letter mean?

Past tense neuter (означало) matching 'письмо'.

3

Её улыбка означала радость.

Her smile signified joy.

Past tense feminine (означала) matching 'улыбка'.

4

Это означает, что мы опоздали.

This means that we are late.

Verb followed by a 'что' clause.

5

Жёлтый свет означает 'жди'.

Yellow light means 'wait'.

Imperative 'жди' used as a quoted object.

6

Что означают эти цифры?

What do these numbers mean?

Plural subject and verb.

7

Кивок означает согласие.

A nod signifies agreement.

Abstract noun as object.

8

Это не означает ничего плохого.

This doesn't mean anything bad.

Negative construction with 'ничего'.

1

Молчание часто означает согласие.

Silence often signifies consent.

Proverbial usage.

2

Этот термин означает процесс развития.

This term signifies the process of development.

Formal definition structure.

3

Что это означает для нашей компании?

What does this mean for our company?

Using 'для' to show impact.

4

Его слова означали конец дружбы.

His words signified the end of the friendship.

Past tense plural.

5

Данный значок означает низкий заряд батареи.

This icon signifies low battery charge.

Technical context.

6

Это означает, что нам нужно больше времени.

This means that we need more time.

Logical implication with 'нужно'.

7

Белый флаг означает капитуляцию.

A white flag signifies surrender.

Historical/symbolic context.

8

Что означает этот рост цен?

What does this price increase signify?

Subject is a compound noun phrase.

1

Снижение спроса означает избыток товара.

A decrease in demand signifies a surplus of goods.

Economic terminology.

2

В данном контексте это слово означает другое.

In this context, this word means something else.

Focus on semantic shifts.

3

Это решение означает смену стратегии.

This decision signifies a change in strategy.

Abstract business context.

4

Его поведение означало скрытую агрессию.

His behavior signified hidden aggression.

Psychological interpretation.

5

Звёздочка означает обязательное поле.

An asterisk signifies a required field.

IT/Web context.

6

Что означают эти изменения в законе?

What do these changes in the law signify?

Legal/Political context.

7

Отсутствие ответа означает отказ.

The absence of an answer signifies a refusal.

Logical deduction.

8

Этот коэффициент означает среднее значение.

This coefficient signifies the average value.

Scientific/Statistical context.

1

Данная концепция означает радикальный сдвиг в науке.

This concept signifies a radical shift in science.

Academic register.

2

Их молчание не означает безразличия.

Their silence does not signify indifference.

Nuanced negative statement.

3

Что означает этот жест в дипломатических кругах?

What does this gesture signify in diplomatic circles?

Specific professional register.

4

Это означает полную прозрачность действий.

This signifies full transparency of actions.

Political/Corporate rhetoric.

5

Термин «инновация» часто означает просто ребрендинг.

The term 'innovation' often signifies just rebranding.

Critical/Analytical tone.

6

Его присутствие означало легитимизацию власти.

His presence signified the legitimization of power.

Sophisticated political vocabulary.

7

Такой подход означает отказ от старых методов.

Such an approach signifies a rejection of old methods.

Methodological context.

8

Что означает этот феномен для будущего?

What does this phenomenon signify for the future?

Philosophical/Futurological inquiry.

1

Семантическое поле слова означает совокупность его смыслов.

The semantic field of a word signifies the totality of its meanings.

Linguistic theory.

2

Это означало бы крах всей системы.

That would signify the collapse of the entire system.

Conditional mood (означало бы).

3

Что означает бытие в философии Хайдеггера?

What does 'being' signify in Heidegger's philosophy?

High-level philosophical inquiry.

4

Данный прецедент означает пересмотр всей практики.

This precedent signifies a revision of the entire practice.

Legal expertise.

5

Его взгляд означал невысказанное прощание.

His gaze signified an unspoken farewell.

Literary/Poetic register.

6

Эти симптомы означают начало патологического процесса.

These symptoms signify the start of a pathological process.

Advanced medical context.

7

Что означает свобода в условиях тоталитаризма?

What does freedom signify under conditions of totalitarianism?

Political philosophy.

8

Это означает деконструкцию традиционных ценностей.

This signifies the deconstruction of traditional values.

Post-modernist discourse.

よく使う組み合わせ

буквально означать
символически означать
на практике означать
формально означать
фактически означать
явно означать
скрыто означать
ничего не означать
означать успех
означать перемены

よく使うフレーズ

Что это означает?

Это означает, что...

Ничего не означать

Означать одно и то же

Может означать многое

Означать смерть

Означать победу

Означать конец

Означать начало

Означать прогресс

慣用句と表現

"Молчание — знак согласия"

Silence is a sign of consent; though it doesn't use the verb, it is the conceptual equivalent.

Ты молчишь? Ну, молчание означает согласие.

Proverbial

"Означать небо и землю"

To be completely different (rare, but used to show vast distance in meaning).

Эти понятия означают небо и землю.

Literary

"Ничего не означать в масштабе вечности"

To be trivial in the grand scheme of things.

Наши проблемы ничего не означают в масштабе вечности.

Philosophical

"Означать зелёный свет"

To give permission or indicate that a project can start.

Подпись директора означает зелёный свет.

Metaphorical

"Означать чёрную метку"

To signify a death sentence or social exclusion.

Это письмо означало для него чёрную метку.

Idiomatic/Historical

"Означать точку невозврата"

To signify that a decision cannot be undone.

Этот шаг означал точку невозврата.

Formal/Dramatic

"Означать новую главу"

To signify a fresh start in life or business.

Переезд означал новую главу.

Metaphorical

"Означать приговор"

To signify a final, usually negative, outcome.

Диагноз означал приговор его карьере.

Dramatic

"Означать золотую середину"

To signify a balanced approach.

Этот компромисс означал золотую середину.

Formal

"Означать крах надежд"

To signify the total failure of expectations.

Отказ означал крах всех его надежд.

Literary

語族

名詞

動詞

形容詞

関連

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暗記しよう

記憶術

Think of the 'ZNAK' (sign) in o-ZNA-chat. You are putting a 'znak' on an idea to say what it is.

視覚的連想

Imagine a dictionary where an equal sign (=) is replaced by the word 'означает'.

Word Web

знак значение знать означать обозначать однозначно многозначный признак

チャレンジ

Try to find 5 symbols in your room and say in Russian what they 'означают' (e.g., 'Этот значок означает Apple').

語源

Derived from the Old Church Slavonic root 'знак' (sign) with the prefix 'о-'. It shares a common Slavic heritage with words meaning 'to know' or 'to mark'.

元の意味： To put a mark on something or to make something known through a sign.

Indo-European -> Balto-Slavic -> Slavic -> East Slavic -> Russian.

文化的な背景

Be careful when interpreting cultural symbols; what 'означает' one thing in your culture might 'означать' something else in Russia (like the flower example).

English speakers use 'mean' for everything. Russian is more specific. Don't use 'означать' for 'I mean' (use 'я имею в виду').

Saussure's 'Signifier/Signified' (Означающее/Означаемое) is a staple of Russian linguistics. The poem 'Silentium!' by Tyutchev deals with what silence signifies. Mathematical definitions in Russian textbooks always use 'означает'.
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