B1 · 中級 チャプター 66

Complex Tenses

4 トータルルール
48 例文
1 分
このチャプターのルール クイック練習

学べること

Using future perfect and other advanced forms. Expanding the temporal range.

  • Future Perfect
    Think of it as looking back at a finished task from a future perspective.
  • Conditional Perfect
    It's the Swedish way to express 'would have' for past possibilities that never came true.
  • Advanced Tenses
    Use 'kommer att ha' for future completion and 'skulle ha' for past hypothetical or future-in-the-past.
  • Complex Tense Usage
    Think of complex tenses as 'time-traveling' verbs that anchor one event to another event's timeline.

重要な例文 (8)

1

När vi ses kommer jag att ha läst hela rapporten.

When we meet I will have read the whole report.

Future Perfect
2

Vid jul kommer vi att ha sparat tillräckligt.

By Christmas we will have saved enough.

Future Perfect
3

Om jag hade studerat mer, skulle jag ha klarat provet.

If I had studied more, I would have passed the exam.

Conditional Perfect
4

Vad skulle du ha gjort i min situation?

What would you have done in my situation?

Conditional Perfect
5

Imorgon kommer jag att ha läst klart.

Tomorrow I will have finished reading.

Advanced Tenses
6

Jag skulle ha ringt dig.

I would have called you.

Advanced Tenses
7

När vi kom fram hade tåget redan gått.

When we arrived, the train had already left.

Complex Tense Usage
8

I morgon ska jag ha avslutat kursen.

By tomorrow, I will have finished the course.

Complex Tense Usage

ヒントとコツ (4)

💡

Supine is Key

Always check if your verb is in the supine form. It's the one ending in -t.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Future Perfect
💡

The 'Hade' Shortcut

In speech, you can often just use 'hade' for both parts of the sentence to sound more like a native. 'Om jag hade vetat, hade jag kommit.'
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Conditional Perfect
💡

Supine vs Participle

In Swedish, the supine (used with 'ha') is often the same as the neuter past participle, but don't confuse them with adjectives.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Advanced Tenses
🎯

The 'T' Rule

If you are unsure of the supinum form, 90% of the time it ends in -t. Just add -t to the stem if you're in a pinch!
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Complex Tense Usage

クイック練習 (10)

Fill in the missing parts to form the conditional perfect.

Jag ___ ___ ___ (ringa) dig om jag hade haft tid.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: skulle ha ringt
The formula is skulle + ha + supine (ringt).

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Conditional Perfect

Fill in the correct form of the verb in Pluskvamperfekt.

När jag vaknade ___ solen redan ___ (gå upp).

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: hade / gått upp
We need 'hade' + supinum for a past sequence.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Complex Tense Usage

Which sentence is grammatically correct?

A) Om jag skulle ha vetat, skulle jag ha kommit. B) Om jag hade vetat, skulle jag ha kommit.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: B
You cannot use 'skulle' in the 'om' clause.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Conditional Perfect

Correct the sentence.

Find and fix the mistake:

Jag kommer att ha läser boken.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Jag kommer att ha läst boken.
Supine is required.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Advanced Tenses

Choose the correct sentence.

Which sentence is correct?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Jag skulle ha kommit.
Supine is required.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Advanced Tenses

Choose the correct sentence.

Which is correct?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Jag kommer att ha ätit.
Correct auxiliary and supine.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Future Perfect

Correct the word order: 'När vi kom hem jag hade ätit.'

Find and fix the mistake:

När vi kom hem jag hade ätit.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: När vi kom hem hade jag ätit.
The V2 rule requires the verb (hade) to come immediately after the introductory clause.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Complex Tense Usage

Which sentence is grammatically correct?

A: Jag ska ha slutat jobba klockan fem. B: Jag ska ha sluta jobba klockan fem.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: A
After 'ha', we must use the supinum 'slutat', not the infinitive 'sluta'.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Complex Tense Usage

Find the error: 'Vi skulle ha gjorde det igår.'

Find and fix the mistake:

Vi skulle ha gjorde det igår.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: gjorde
The supine 'gjort' should be used instead of the preterite 'gjorde'.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Conditional Perfect

Fill in the correct form.

Jag kommer att ha ___ (läsa) boken.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: läst
Must use supine.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Future Perfect

Score: /10

よくある質問 (6)

Yes, but it sounds a bit formal. In casual speech, we often use simple future.
In Swedish, they are almost always the same form.
Yes! That means 'would have had'. For example: 'Jag skulle ha haft mer tid.'
In main clauses, yes. In subordinate clauses like '...om jag (ha) gjort det', it is sometimes omitted in writing.
The supine is a verb form used after 'ha'. It often ends in -t.
No, 'kommer att' is for future. 'Kommer att ha' is for future completion.
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