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B1 noun 5分で読める

nefret

練習する例文メモとヒント nefret 30秒で

解説 nefret in your Level:

At the A1 level, you might not use the word 'nefret' itself very often, as it is a strong and complex emotion. Instead, you usually learn 'sevmiyorum' (I don't like). However, you might hear 'nefret ediyorum' in very simple contexts like expressing a strong dislike for a food or a weather condition. The main thing to know at this level is that 'nefret' is the opposite of 'aşk' (love) or 'sevgi' (affection). You might see it in simple movie titles or basic emotional charts. It is a 'power word' that you should use sparingly until you understand the grammar behind it.

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As an A2 learner, you start to form more complex sentences. You will learn that 'nefret' is a noun and 'nefret etmek' is the verb. The most important lesson at this stage is learning that you cannot say 'Seni nefret ediyorum'. You must start practicing the ablative case suffix (-den/-dan). You might use it to describe your hobbies or things you dislike doing: 'Temizlik yapmaktan nefret ediyorum' (I hate doing cleaning). You are beginning to move beyond simple like/dislike and adding more emotional color to your Turkish.

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At the B1 level, 'nefret' becomes a standard part of your vocabulary. You are expected to use 'nefret etmek' correctly with the ablative case without thinking. You also start to learn about related nouns like 'nefret söylemi' (hate speech) and how to use 'nefret' in more abstract sentences. You might discuss social issues or deeper personal feelings. You understand the difference between 'nefret' (hatred) and 'sinir olmak' (to be annoyed). You can also use the word 'nefret' as a subject in a sentence, such as 'Nefret, kötü bir duygudur' (Hatred is a bad emotion).

At B2, you explore the nuances of 'nefret'. You learn different verbs that go with it, such as 'nefret uyandırmak' (to arouse hatred) or 'nefret kusmak' (to vomit hatred/express extreme hate). You can distinguish between 'nefret' and more literary terms like 'istikrah' (disgust/aversion). You are comfortable using 'nefret' in debates about history, politics, or literature. You also begin to recognize how 'nefret' is used in idiomatic expressions and how it can be modified by adverbs like 'iliklerine kadar' (to the marrow/deeply).

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For C1 learners, 'nefret' is used in sophisticated literary and academic contexts. You might analyze a character's 'nefret' in a novel or discuss the 'nefret kültürü' (culture of hate) in social media. You understand the psychological depth of the word and can use it to describe complex societal dynamics. You are also aware of the Arabic origin of the word and how it compares to its synonyms in Ottoman Turkish. Your usage is precise, and you can use it to convey subtle shades of meaning in formal writing.

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At the C2 level, you have a complete mastery of 'nefret'. You can use it in high-level philosophical discussions about the nature of human emotions. You are familiar with its use in classical Turkish poetry and modern legal texts. You can effortlessly switch between 'nefret', 'gayz', 'kin', and 'adavet' depending on the exact nuance you wish to convey. You understand the historical evolution of the word and can use it in any register, from the most formal academic paper to the most nuanced literary work.

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練習する例文メモとヒント

nefret 30秒で

Nefret means hatred or hate.
Commonly used in the verb phrase 'nefret etmek'.
Requires the ablative case suffix (-den/-dan) for the object.
A very strong emotion, stronger than 'sevmemek' (to not like).

The Turkish word nefret is a powerful noun that translates directly to 'hatred' or 'hate' in English. Rooted in Arabic, it describes a profound and intense dislike or aversion toward someone or something. Unlike a simple dislike (sevmemek), nefret implies an emotional weight that can be corrosive, long-lasting, and deeply felt. It is a word that carries significant gravity in Turkish social and emotional discourse.

Emotional Intensity: Nefret is not used lightly. While English speakers might say 'I hate this weather' casually, in Turkish, 'nefret' often signals a more visceral reaction. However, in modern colloquial speech, it has started to be used more frequently for strong annoyances.

Onun gözlerinde saf bir nefret gördüm.

Translation: I saw a pure hatred in his eyes.

In everyday life, you will most commonly encounter this word in its verbalized form: nefret etmek. This compound verb is essential for learners because it requires the ablative case (-den/-dan) on the object of the hatred. This is a common stumbling block for English speakers who want to say 'I hate you' (Seni nefret ediyorum - WRONG) instead of the correct 'Senden nefret ediyorum'.

Social Context: In Turkish culture, expressing hatred openly is often seen as a very strong statement. It can imply a permanent break in a relationship or a deep-seated ideological opposition.

Siyasetçilerin dili toplumda nefret tohumları ekmemeli.

Translation: The language of politicians should not sow seeds of hatred in society.

The grammar of nefret is primarily centered around its interaction with verbs and suffixes. As a standalone noun, it functions like any other Turkish noun, but its usage with etmek (to do/make) is where the complexity lies for the B1 learner.

The Ablative Rule: Whenever you use the verb phrase 'nefret etmek', the target of your hate must take the -den, -dan, -ten, or -tan suffix. For example, 'I hate lies' becomes 'Yalanlardan nefret ederim'.

Sabah erken uyanmaktan nefret ediyorum.

Translation: I hate waking up early in the morning.

You can also use 'nefret' with the verb duymak (to feel/hear). 'Nefret duymak' is slightly more formal and emphasizes the internal feeling rather than the active expression of hate. In this case, the target takes the dative suffix (-e/-a).

Eski düşmanına karşı büyük bir nefret besliyordu.

Translation: He was harboring a great hatred toward his old enemy.

In Turkey, nefret is heard across various domains, from heated political debates to the dramatic scripts of Turkish 'dizis' (TV series). It is a staple of emotional storytelling.

Turkish TV Dramas (Diziler): Characters often oscillate between 'aşk' (love) and 'nefret'. A common trope is the 'nefretle başlayan aşk' (a love that starts with hatred). You will hear lines like 'Senden nefret ediyorum!' shouted in rainy scenes or intense confrontations.

Bu nefret bizi bitirecek.

Translation: This hatred will be the end of us.

In the news, you will frequently hear the term nefret söylemi, which means 'hate speech'. This is a legal and sociological term used to describe discriminatory language against specific groups. In a more casual setting, friends might use it to describe their extreme dislike for a specific food, a chore, or a traffic situation, though 'hiç sevmiyorum' is more common for mild dislikes.

The most frequent error English speakers make with nefret involves the case system. Because English uses a direct object ('I hate you'), learners naturally want to use the accusative case in Turkish.

Mistake #1: The Accusative Trap: Saying 'Seni nefret ediyorum' is the most common mistake. In Turkish, the logic is that the hatred comes 'from' the person or thing. Therefore, you must use 'Senden nefret ediyorum'.

Incorrect: Okulu nefret ediyorum.
Correct: Okuldan nefret ediyorum.

Another mistake is overusing 'nefret' for minor inconveniences. While English speakers 'hate' slow internet, 'hate' waiting in line, and 'hate' cold coffee, a Turk might use 'sinir olmak' (to be annoyed) or 'hiç sevmemek' (to not like at all). Using 'nefret' too often can make you sound overly dramatic or aggressive.

Turkish has a rich vocabulary for negative emotions. Depending on the intensity and the context, you might choose a different word than nefret.

Nefret vs. Kin: 'Kin' means 'grudge' or 'rancor'. While 'nefret' is an active feeling of hate, 'kin' is a cold, calculated, and long-held desire for revenge. You 'beslemek' (feed/harbor) a kin.
Nefret vs. Tiksinti: 'Tiksinti' means 'disgust' or 'loathing'. It is more physical than 'nefret'. You feel 'tiksinti' toward a bad smell or a gross image.

Ona karşı içimde ne bir nefret ne de bir sevgi kaldı.

Translation: There is neither hatred nor love left inside me for him.

How Formal Is It?

豆知識

The root in Arabic originally related to animals shying away or fleeing in fear, which evolved into the emotional meaning of 'aversion' and then 'hatred'.

発音ガイド

UK /nef.ˈɾet/

US /nef.ˈɾet/

The stress is on the second syllable: nef-RET.

韻が合う語

hasret gayret hayret nusret fikret himmet servet şöhret

よくある間違い

Pronouncing the 'r' like the English 'r' in 'red'.
Putting the stress on the first syllable.
Pronouncing the 'e' too broadly like 'cat'.

難易度

読解 2/5

Easy to recognize as it appears in many contexts.

ライティング 4/5

Difficult because of the required ablative case suffix.

スピーキング 3/5

Requires practice to use the correct case in real-time.

リスニング 2/5

Clear pronunciation and usually stressed.

次に学ぶべきこと

前提知識

sevgi kötü duygu etmek bakmak

次に学ぶ

kin öfke tiksinti düşmanlık bağışlamak

上級

garaz adavet istikrah infial münferit

知っておくべき文法

Ablative Case (-den/-dan)

Okuldan nefret ediyorum.

Compound Verbs with 'Etmek'

Nefret etmek.

Infinitive + Case Suffix

Yemek yapmaktan nefret ederim.

Dative Case with 'Duymak'

Sana nefret duyuyorum.

Noun Compounds

Nefret söylemi.

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レベル別の例文

Ben elmadan nefret ederim.

I hate apples.

Uses -dan suffix.

O benden nefret ediyor.

He hates me.

Ablative case on 'ben'.

Kıştan nefret ediyorum.

I hate winter.

Ablative case on 'kış'.

Nefret kötü bir şey.

Hatred is a bad thing.

Nefret as a noun subject.

Senden nefret etmiyorum.

I don't hate you.

Negative form of the verb.

Kediler sudan nefret eder.

Cats hate water.

General fact using aorist tense.

Yalandan nefret ederim.

I hate lies.

Abstract noun with ablative.

Sıcak havadan nefret ederiz.

We hate hot weather.

Plural subject 'biz'.

Geç kalmaktan nefret ediyorum.

I hate being late.

Infinitive + -tan.

Onun davranışlarından nefret ettim.

I hated his behaviors.

Past tense 'ettim'.

Böyle filmlerden nefret ederim.

I hate such movies.

Demonstrative 'böyle'.

Neden benden nefret ediyorsun?

Why do you hate me?

Question form.

Ispanak yemekten nefret ederdi.

He used to hate eating spinach.

Used to (past habitual).

Senden nefret etmek istemiyorum.

I don't want to hate you.

Compound with 'istemek'.

Trafikten herkes nefret eder.

Everyone hates traffic.

Subject 'herkes'.

Bu gürültüden nefret ediyorum!

I hate this noise!

Exclamatory sentence.

İnsanların birbirine nefret duyması üzücü.

It is sad that people feel hatred toward each other.

Gerund 'duyması'.

Nefret söylemi suç sayılmalıdır.

Hate speech should be considered a crime.

Passive voice 'sayılmalıdır'.

Ona karşı büyük bir nefret besliyor.

He harbors a great hatred toward her.

Verb 'beslemek'.

Nefret dolu bakışlarını üzerimde hissettim.

I felt his hateful glares on me.

Adjective phrase 'nefret dolu'.

Aradaki nefret zamanla azaldı.

The hatred between them decreased over time.

Subject 'nefret'.

Onun nefreti herkesi korkutuyor.

His hatred scares everyone.

Possessive 'onun nefreti'.

Nefretle hareket etmek hata olur.

Acting with hatred would be a mistake.

Adverbial 'nefretle'.

Siyasetin nefret dilinden uzak durmalıyız.

We must stay away from the hate language of politics.

Compound noun 'nefret dili'.

Bu olay toplumda büyük bir nefret uyandırdı.

This incident aroused great hatred in society.

Collocation 'nefret uyandırmak'.

Nefretini kontrol etmeyi öğrenmelisin.

You must learn to control your hatred.

Accusative 'nefretini'.

Yüzündeki nefret ifadesi hiç değişmedi.

The expression of hatred on his face never changed.

Noun compound 'nefret ifadesi'.

İki aile arasındaki nefret nesiller boyu sürdü.

The hatred between the two families lasted for generations.

Temporal phrase 'nesiller boyu'.

Nefret, sevgiden daha güçlü bir bağ olabilir mi?

Can hatred be a stronger bond than love?

Comparative 'daha güçlü'.

Kendinden nefret etmene gerek yok.

There is no need for you to hate yourself.

Reflexive 'kendinden'.

Gazeteler nefret kusmaya devam ediyor.

Newspapers continue to spew hatred.

Metaphorical 'nefret kusmak'.

Onun nefreti, hayal kırıklığından kaynaklanıyor.

His hatred stems from disappointment.

Verb 'kaynaklanmak'.

Irkçılık, temelsiz bir nefretin ürünüdür.

Racism is the product of a baseless hatred.

Genitive 'nefretin'.

Yazar, karakterin içindeki nefreti ustalıkla betimlemiş.

The author masterfully depicted the hatred within the character.

Accusative 'nefreti'.

Nefretin kör edici gücü gerçeği görmesini engelledi.

The blinding power of hatred prevented him from seeing the truth.

Adjective 'kör edici'.

Toplumsal kutuplaşma nefreti körüklüyor.

Social polarization is fueling hatred.

Verb 'körüklemek'.

Nefret suçları yasalarla ağır şekilde cezalandırılır.

Hate crimes are severely punished by law.

Compound 'nefret suçları'.

İntikam arzusu, saf bir nefretten beslenir.

The desire for revenge is fed by a pure hatred.

Passive 'beslenir'.

Nefretini gizlemeye çalışsa da gözleri her şeyi anlatıyordu.

Even though he tried to hide his hatred, his eyes told everything.

Concessive 'çalışsa da'.

Savaşlar, ekilen nefret tohumlarının bir sonucudur.

Wars are a result of the seeds of hatred that were sown.

Metaphor 'nefret tohumları'.

Nefret, ruhun en karanlık dehlizlerinde filizlenir.

Hatred sprouts in the darkest corridors of the soul.

Poetic language.

Onun nefreti, ontolojik bir reddedişin tezahürüydü.

His hatred was the manifestation of an ontological rejection.

Academic terminology.

Nefret ve sevgi arasındaki o ince çizgi tamamen silinmişti.

That thin line between hatred and love had been completely erased.

Complex metaphor.

Kitlelerin nefreti, manipülasyonla devasa bir yıkıma dönüştü.

The hatred of the masses turned into a massive destruction through manipulation.

Causal relationship.

Modernite, kendi nefret nesnelerini de beraberinde getirdi.

Modernity brought its own objects of hatred along with it.

Sociological context.

Nefret, öznenin kendi eksikliğini ötekine yansıtmasıdır.

Hatred is the subject's projection of their own lack onto the other.

Psychological definition.

Kadim bir nefretin külleri yeniden alevleniyor.

The ashes of an ancient hatred are flaring up again.

Literary imagery.

Nefretin kurumsallaşması, bir toplumun sonunu hazırlayabilir.

The institutionalization of hatred can prepare the end of a society.

Formal academic tone.

よく使う組み合わせ

nefret etmek

nefret duymak

nefret söylemi

nefret suçu

nefret kusmak

nefret uyandırmak

nefret beslemek

nefret dolu

nefret objesi

nefret tohumları

よく使うフレーズ

Nefretimsin.

— You are my object of hatred. Used in dramatic contexts.

Artık sen benim nefretimsin!

Nefret ediyorum!

— I hate [it/you]! A common exclamation.

Bu durumdan nefret ediyorum!

Nefretle bakmak

— To look with hatred.

Bana nefretle bakma.

Nefretini kazanmak

— To earn someone's hatred.

Kısa sürede herkesin nefretini kazandı.

Nefretini çekmek

— To draw someone's hatred toward oneself.

Onun nefretini çekmek istemezsin.

Nefret beslememek

— To not harbor hatred.

Kimseye karşı nefret beslemiyorum.

Nefret uyandıran

— Something that arouses hatred.

Nefret uyandıran bir konuşma yaptı.

Nefret ettiğim bir şey

— Something that I hate.

Yalan söylemek, en nefret ettiğim şeydir.

Nefretin sonu yok.

— Hatred has no end. Usually used as advice.

Kavga etmeyi bırakın, nefretin sonu yok.

Nefretle anılmak

— To be remembered with hatred.

Tarihte nefretle anılacak.

よく混同される語

nefret vs sevmemek

Sevmemek is just 'to not like'. Nefret is much stronger.

nefret vs sinir olmak

Sinir olmak means 'to be annoyed/irritated'. It's temporary, while nefret is deeper.

nefret vs kızmak

Kızmak is 'to be angry'. You can be angry without hating.

慣用句と表現

"nefret kusmak"

— To express extreme hatred or anger verbally.

Toplantıda müdüre nefret kustu.

Informal

"nefretini akıtmak"

— To let out one's hatred.

Yazılarında tüm nefretini akıtmış.

Literary

"nefretinden kudurmak"

— To be extremely angry/hateful to the point of madness.

Adam nefretinden kudurmuş gibiydi.

Slang

"nefret tohumları ekmek"

— To cause people to start hating each other.

Politikacılar nefret tohumları ekmemeli.

Formal

"nefret bürümek"

— To be blinded or covered by hatred.

Gözlerini nefret bürümüş.

Literary

"nefret kazanmak"

— To act in a way that makes others hate you.

Yaptığı haksızlıkla herkesin nefretini kazandı.

Neutral

"nefrete boğulmak"

— To be overwhelmed by hatred.

Dünya nefrete boğulmuş durumda.

Literary

"nefretle dolup taşmak"

— To be overflowing with hatred.

İçim nefretle dolup taşıyor.

Neutral

"nefretini kusmak"

— Similar to 'nefret kusmak', emphasizing the release.

Sonunda tüm nefretini kustu.

Informal

"nefret duvarı örmek"

— To create a barrier of hatred between people.

Aralarına aşılmaz bir nefret duvarı ördüler.

Literary

間違えやすい

nefret vs kin

Both involve negative feelings toward someone.

Kin is a long-term grudge; nefret is the feeling of hatred itself.

Ona nefret duyuyorum ama kin tutmuyorum.

nefret vs tiksinti

Both are strong negative reactions.

Tiksinti is physical disgust (like for a smell); nefret is emotional hatred.

Çöpten tiksinti duydu, ama hırsızdan nefret etti.

nefret vs öfke

Both are intense negative emotions.

Öfke is a sudden burst of anger; nefret is a sustained attitude of hate.

Anlık bir öfkeyle bağırdı, ama içinde nefret yoktu.

nefret vs garaz

Both imply ill-will.

Garaz is a more specific, often hidden, malicious intent.

Bana garazı olduğu için böyle yapıyor.

nefret vs iğrenme

Both express strong aversion.

İğrenme is more closely tied to physical revulsion or moral loathing.

Yaptığı hareketten iğrendim.

文型パターン

[Noun]-den nefret ederim.

Sütten nefret ederim.

[Verb]-maktan nefret ediyorum.

Koşmaktan nefret ediyorum.

[Person]-e nefret duyuyorum.

Ona nefret duyuyorum.

[Noun] nefret doluydu.

Bakışları nefret doluydu.

[Noun] nefret uyandırdı.

Sözleri nefret uyandırdı.

Nefret beslemek.

Düşmanına nefret besliyor.

Nefret söylemi.

Nefret söylemi suçtur.

Nefretin tezahürü.

Bu, derin bir nefretin tezahürüdür.

語族

名詞

nefret

nefretçi

動詞

nefret etmek

形容詞

nefretli

nefretlik

使い方

frequency

Common in both spoken and written Turkish.

よくある間違い

Seni nefret ediyorum. → Senden nefret ediyorum.
The verb requires the ablative case (-den), not the accusative case (-i).
Yalanı nefret ederim. → Yalandan nefret ederim.
Abstract nouns also take the ablative case with this verb.
Nefretli bir adam. → Nefret dolu bir adam.
While 'nefretli' exists, 'nefret dolu' (full of hate) is much more natural.
Ona nefret ediyorum. → Ondan nefret ediyorum.
Do not confuse the dative case (-e) with the ablative case (-den).
Nefret etmek kahve. → Kahveden nefret etmek.
In Turkish, the object comes before the verb.

ヒント

The -den Rule

Always link 'nefret etmek' with the ablative case. Think of it as 'hating FROM' something.

Beyond Hate

Learn 'kin' (grudge) and 'tiksinti' (disgust) to express different shades of negative feelings.

Tone it Down

In polite company, use 'pek sevmiyorum' (I don't like much) instead of 'nefret ediyorum' to avoid sounding too aggressive.

Dizi Watch

Watch Turkish dramas to hear how 'nefret' is pronounced with emotional intensity.

Nef-Rat

Imagine a 'Rat' that you 'Nef-ret' (Hate). This helps connect the sound to the meaning.

Gerunds

To say 'I hate doing...', use the infinitive -mak/-mek + -tan/-ten. Example: 'Koşmaktan nefret ederim'.

Nefret Söylemi

Be aware that 'nefret söylemi' (hate speech) is a serious term in Turkish law and media.

Love/Hate

Practice 'nefret' alongside 'sevgi' to remember they are opposites.

The Tapped R

The 'r' in nefret is a single tap, not a rolled or English 'r'.

Formal Use

In essays, use 'nefret beslemek' to sound more academic and sophisticated.

暗記しよう

記憶術

Think of 'NEFret' as 'NEVer-Friendly'. If you have nefret, you are never friendly to that person.

視覚的連想

Imagine a person pushing away a plate of 'nefret' (which looks like something gross) with a 'No' sign.

Word Web

Sevgi Düşman Öfke Kin İntikam Duygu Kalp Savaş

チャレンジ

Try to list five things you 'nefret' and five things you 'aşk' using the correct case suffixes.

語源

Borrowed from Arabic 'nafrat' (نفرة).

元の意味： Aversion, shying away, or flight from something.

Semitic (Arabic root n-f-r).

文化的な背景

Be careful when using this word about people; it can be taken very personally and cause lasting offense.

English speakers use 'hate' very casually (e.g., 'I hate this song'). In Turkish, 'nefret' is usually more intense. Use 'sevmiyorum' for casual dislikes.

The concept of 'Nefret' in the poetry of Necip Fazıl Kısakürek. The Turkish rap group 'Nefret' (featuring Ceza). Common themes of 'nefret' in Yesilcam melodramas.

実生活で練習する

実際の使用場面

Personal Dislikes

Böceklerden nefret ederim.
Beklemekten nefret ederim.
Ispanaktan nefret ederim.
Soğuktan nefret ederim.

Relationships

Senden nefret ediyorum.
Ona nefret duyuyorum.
Aralarında nefret var.
Nefretle ayrıldılar.

Social Issues

Nefret söylemi yasaklanmalı.
Nefret suçları artıyor.
Irkçı nefret.
Toplumsal nefret.

Literature/Drama

Nefret dolu bakışlar.
İçindeki nefreti kustu.
Nefretin kölesi oldu.
Aşk ve nefret.

Work/School

Pazartesi günlerinden nefret ederim.
Toplantılardan nefret ediyorum.
Bu işten nefret ettim.
Sınavlardan nefret ederdi.

会話のきっかけ

"En çok neyden nefret edersin?"

"Nefret söylemi hakkında ne düşünüyorsun?"

"Birinden nefret etmek sence yorucu mu?"

"Hiç kimseden nefret ettin mi?"

"Nefret ve sevgi sence kardeş duygular mı?"

日記のテーマ

Bugün seni nefret ettiren bir olay yaşadın mı? Detaylarıyla anlat.

Nefret duygusunun insan sağlığına etkileri sence nelerdir?

Eskiden nefret ettiğin ama şimdi sevdiğin bir şey var mı?

Nefretle başa çıkmanın en iyi yolu sence nedir?

Dünyadaki nefretin azalması için neler yapılabilir?

よくある質問

10 問

No. In Turkish, the verb 'nefret etmek' always takes the ablative case (-den/-dan). You must say 'Senden nefret ediyorum'.

Yes, but it's very strong. If you just don't like broccoli, say 'Brokoliyi sevmem'. If you absolutely cannot stand it, say 'Brokoliden nefret ederim'.

It means 'hate speech'. It refers to speech that attacks or insults a group based on attributes like race, religion, or sexual orientation.

Very common. Many emotional Turkish songs deal with themes of 'aşk ve nefret' (love and hate).

You can say 'Bunu söylemekten nefret ediyorum ama...' or more commonly 'Bunu söylemek istemezdim ama...'.

'Nefret etmek' is more active and common. 'Nefret duymak' sounds a bit more formal or internal.

Technically yes ('nefretler'), but it's very rare and usually only found in poetry or high literature.

As a noun, it takes standard suffixes: nefretim (my hate), nefreti (his/her hate), nefretle (with hate).

They are different. 'Nefret' is about the person/thing, 'iğrenmek' is about the feeling of disgust it causes you.

The term is 'nefret suçu'.

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