kam 30秒で
- Expresses a small quantity or duration.
- Used for 'little' (uncountable) and 'few' (countable).
- Common in everyday speech about resources and time.
- Adverb, often placed before the modified word.
- Core Meaning
- The Uzbek word 'kam' primarily translates to 'little' or 'few' in English. It is used to indicate a small quantity, a limited amount, or a short duration. It functions as an adverb, modifying verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs to describe how much or how often something happens.
- Usage Scenarios
- 'Kam' is a very common and versatile word in Uzbek. You'll hear it in everyday conversations when talking about: * **Quantities:** Describing a small number of items, people, or resources. For example, 'Menda pul kam' (I have little money). * **Time:** Indicating a short period or a lack of time. For instance, 'Vaqtim kam' (I have little time). * **Degree or Intensity:** Showing that something is done to a small extent or is not very intense. For example, 'U kam gapiradi' (He/She speaks little). * **Frequency:** Implying that something happens infrequently. 'Menga kam keladi' (He/She comes to me rarely). * **Comparison:** Sometimes used to imply 'less than' when comparing quantities, though more specific comparative words exist. It's a fundamental word for expressing scarcity or a limited presence of something. Its usage is generally neutral in terms of formality and can be applied in a wide range of situations, from casual chats to more formal discussions about resources or time constraints. Understanding 'kam' is crucial for grasping basic quantitative and temporal descriptions in Uzbek.
Menda kitoblar kam.
- Examples in Context
- * 'Sizga kam yordam kerak bo'ladi.' (You will need little help.) - Here, 'kam' modifies 'yordam' (help), an uncountable noun. * 'Bu yerda mehmonlar kam edi.' (There were few guests here.) - 'Kam' modifies 'mehmonlar' (guests), a countable noun. * 'U juda kam uxlaydi.' (He/She sleeps very little.) - 'Kam' modifies the verb 'uxlaydi' (sleeps), indicating a short duration. * 'Bizda vaqt kam qoldi.' (We have little time left.) - 'Kam' modifies 'vaqt' (time), an uncountable noun.
- Basic Sentence Structure
- 'Kam' typically functions as an adverb, meaning it modifies verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs. It often appears directly before the word it modifies or at the end of a clause to emphasize the limited quantity or duration.
- Modifying Nouns (Implied)
- While 'kam' is an adverb, it's frequently used in sentences where it implies a limited quantity of a noun. The structure often involves the noun, the word 'kam', and a verb or copula (like 'bor' for existence or 'edi' for past tense). * **Subject + Noun + kam + Verb/Copula:** * 'Menda pul kam.' (I have little money. - Literally: With me, money is little.) * 'Unda kitob kam.' (He/She has few books. - Literally: With him/her, books are few.) * 'Bizda vaqt kam edi.' (We had little time. - Literally: With us, time was little.)
- Modifying Verbs
- 'Kam' can directly precede a verb to indicate that the action is done infrequently or to a small degree. * **Subject + kam + Verb:** * 'U juda kam gapiradi.' (He/She speaks very little.) * 'Men kechasi kam uxlayman.' (I sleep little at night.) * 'Ular bizga kam tashrif buyurishadi.' (They visit us rarely/few times.)
- Modifying Adjectives/Adverbs
- 'Kam' can also modify adjectives or other adverbs to indicate a lesser degree. * 'Bu yer kam yorug'.' (This place is little bright / not very bright.) * 'U kam tez yuguradi.' (He/She runs not very fast.)
- Emphasizing Scarcity
- Placing 'kam' at the end of a sentence can emphasize the scarcity or insufficiency. * 'Bizga yordam kerak, lekin u kam.' (We need help, but it is little/scarce.) * 'Uning sabri kam.' (His/Her patience is little.)
Sizga ozgina kam pul kerak.
- Everyday Conversations
- 'Kam' is a staple in daily Uzbek conversations. You'll hear it when people discuss their resources, time, or how much they do something. For example, if someone is inviting you over and they don't have many ingredients, they might say: 'Uyda ovqat kam.' (There is little food at home.) Or if they are busy: 'Menda vaqt kam, tez gaplashaylik.' (I have little time, let's talk quickly.)
- Marketplaces and Shops
- When bargaining or asking about availability, 'kam' is frequently used. A customer might ask: 'Bu mahsulotdan kam qolganmi?' (Is there little of this product left?) Or a seller might say: 'Menda faqat ikki dona qoldi, kam.' (I only have two pieces left, very few.)
- Work and Study
- In academic or professional settings, 'kam' can describe limited resources, time for tasks, or even a small number of participants. 'Bizning loyihamizga mablag‘ kam ajratilgan.' (Little funding has been allocated to our project.) Or, 'Mashg‘ulotga kelganlar soni kam edi.' (The number of attendees for the training was few.)
- Family and Social Gatherings
- When discussing family or friends, 'kam' can refer to a small number of people. 'Bizning oilamizda bolalar kam.' (There are few children in our family.) Or when talking about visits: 'Qishloqqa borishga kam fursat to‘g‘ri keladi.' (Opportunities to go to the village are few.)
- Expressing Dissatisfaction or Need
- 'Kam' is often used to express that something is insufficient or less than desired. 'Bu non juda kam shakarli.' (This bread is very little/not sweet enough.) Or, 'Uning ko‘magi kam sezildi.' (His/Her help was felt little/was insufficient.)
Do‘konimizda olma kam qoldi.
- Confusing with 'oz' (little/few)
- The most common confusion for learners is between 'kam' and 'oz'. While both can mean 'little' or 'few', 'oz' often implies a very small, sometimes insufficient, amount, and can also mean 'a little bit' as an adverb of degree. 'Kam' is more about scarcity or a lack of quantity in general. For example, 'Men oz suv ichdim' (I drank a little water) is common, but 'Men kam suv ichdim' might imply you didn't drink enough. Similarly, 'Unda oz pul bor' (He/She has a little money) suggests a small, perhaps usable amount, while 'Unda kam pul bor' implies a lack of money.
- Incorrect Placement
- As an adverb, 'kam' generally precedes the verb or adjective it modifies. Placing it incorrectly can change the meaning or make the sentence grammatically awkward. For instance, saying 'Gapiraman kam' instead of 'Kam gapiraman' (I speak little) is unusual and less clear. The standard is usually 'Subject + kam + Verb' or 'Subject + Noun + kam'.
- Overuse or Underuse
- Learners might either overuse 'kam' when a more specific word is needed, or underuse it, failing to express limited quantities or durations. For example, instead of saying 'Bu yerda juda kam odam bor' (There are very few people here), one might simply say 'Bu yerda odam bor' (There are people here), missing the nuance of scarcity. Conversely, using 'kam' for every instance of 'a little' can sound unnatural.
- Confusing with 'kash' (to regret)
- This is a pronunciation-based error. 'Kam' (little/few) sounds similar to 'kash' (to regret), which is a verb. While not a direct synonym confusion, mishearing or mispronouncing can lead to significant misunderstandings. Always pay attention to the context to differentiate between expressing a small quantity and expressing regret.
- Treating it as an Adjective
- Although 'kam' functions similarly to adjectives in some constructions (like 'Menda pul kam'), it is fundamentally an adverb. This means it doesn't typically inflect for case or number like a true adjective would. Forgetting this and trying to make it agree with a noun can lead to grammatical errors.
Noto'g'ri: U kam kitobli. To'g'ri: Uning kitoblari kam.
- OzA (ozgina)
- 'Oza' (or its diminutive form 'ozgina') is a very close synonym to 'kam' and often interchangeable, especially when referring to small quantities or durations. However, 'ozgina' can sometimes carry a nuance of 'a small amount' or 'a little bit' rather than outright scarcity. * 'Kam': 'Menda pul kam.' (I have little money - implying a lack.) * 'Ozgina': 'Menda ozgina pul bor.' (I have a little money - implying a small, but present, amount.) In many contexts, like 'Vaqtim kam' and 'Vaqtim ozgina', both are understood to mean 'I have little time'.
- Juda kam (very few/little)
- This is not a separate word but a common intensification of 'kam'. 'Juda' means 'very'. * 'Kam': 'Kitoblar kam.' (Few books.) * 'Juda kam': 'Kitoblar juda kam.' (Very few books.) This phrase emphasizes a significant lack or scarcity.
- Bir oz (a little bit)
- 'Bir oz' literally means 'one bit' and is used to indicate a small, often positive, amount or degree. It is the opposite of scarcity. * 'Kam': 'U kam gapiradi.' (He/She speaks little.) * 'Bir oz': 'U bir oz gapirdi.' (He/She spoke a little.) This phrase is used for minimal, often pleasant, quantities or actions.
- Kamroq (less)
- 'Kamroq' is the comparative form of 'kam', meaning 'less'. It's used when comparing two quantities. * 'Kam': 'Menda bu kam pul bor.' (I have little money [in this instance].) * 'Kamroq': 'Menda avvalgiga nisbatan kamroq pul bor.' (I have less money compared to before.) This is used for direct comparisons of quantity or degree.
- Nisbatan kam (relatively few/little)
- 'Nisbatan kam' means 'relatively few' or 'relatively little'. It's used when the quantity is small in comparison to a general expectation or another reference point. * 'Bu shahar uchun nisbatan kam talaba bor.' (There are relatively few students for this city.) This adds a layer of comparison to the scarcity.
Men kam ovqat yeyman, lekin bir oz shirinlik yaxshi ko'raman.
How Formal Is It?
豆知識
The root 'kam' is ancient and widespread. Cognates can be found in languages like Turkish ('kam' - rare, scarce), Kazakh ('кем' - kem - few, little), and Kyrgyz ('кем' - kem - few, little). This demonstrates its deep historical presence in the Turkic linguistic family.
発音ガイド
- Pronouncing the 'a' sound too much like the 'a' in 'cat' (short 'a'). It should be a more open 'ah' sound.
- Adding an extra syllable or diphthong where there isn't one.
- Confusing it with similar-sounding words, especially in rapid speech.
難易度
At CEFR A1, 'kam' is a high-frequency word essential for basic comprehension. Recognizing its meaning of 'little' or 'few' is crucial for understanding simple sentences about quantities and durations. Its placement in sentences is generally straightforward at this level.
For A1 learners, using 'kam' correctly in writing involves understanding its basic meaning and common sentence structures like 'Menda pul kam' or 'U kam gapiradi'. Mastering its placement and distinction from 'ko'p' is key.
Producing 'kam' in speech at A1 level requires recalling the word and its basic meaning. Beginners can use it to express simple lack of things or time, focusing on common phrases.
Recognizing 'kam' in spoken Uzbek at A1 is vital for understanding basic descriptions. Learners should focus on its sound and its common contexts, like discussions about quantity or time.
次に学ぶべきこと
前提知識
次に学ぶ
上級
知っておくべき文法
Adverb Placement
'Kam' as an adverb usually precedes the verb, adjective, or adverb it modifies. Example: 'U kam gapiradi.' (He/She speaks little.)
Use with Countable vs. Uncountable Nouns
For countable nouns, 'kam' means 'few'. For uncountable nouns, it means 'little'. Example: 'Kam kitob' (few books) vs. 'kam suv' (little water).
Comparative Form
The comparative form 'kamroq' means 'less'. Example: 'Bu avvalgidan kamroq qimmat.' (This is less expensive than before.)
Derivation of Nouns
The noun 'kamchilik' (shortage, deficit) is derived from 'kam'. Example: 'Mablag‘ kamchilik bo'ldi.' (There was a shortage of funds.)
Intensification
'Juda kam' means 'very little' or 'very few'. Example: 'Juda kam odam keldi.' (Very few people came.)
レベル別の例文
Bu yerda odamlar kam.
There are few people here.
'kam' modifies 'odamlar' (people), indicating a small number.
Menda pul kam.
I have little money.
'kam' modifies 'pul' (money), indicating a small quantity.
Men kam uxlayman.
I sleep little.
'kam' modifies the verb 'uxlayman' (sleep), indicating a short duration.
Vaqtim kam.
I have little time.
'kam' modifies 'vaqt' (time), indicating a small amount.
Sizga yordam kam kerak.
You need little help.
'kam' modifies 'yordam' (help), indicating a small degree.
Bu yerda meva kam.
There is little fruit here.
'kam' modifies 'meva' (fruit), indicating a small quantity.
U kam gapiradi.
He/She speaks little.
'kam' modifies the verb 'gapiradi' (speaks), indicating a low frequency.
Bizga suv kam.
We have little water.
'kam' modifies 'suv' (water), indicating a small amount.
Bugun ishlarim kam bo'ldi.
My tasks were few today.
'kam' modifies 'ishlar' (tasks), indicating a small number.
Bu do'konda sifatli mahsulot kam.
There is little quality product in this shop.
'kam' modifies 'mahsulot' (product), indicating a scarcity of quality.
Menga tashrif buyurishga vaqti kam.
He/She has little time to visit me.
'kam' modifies 'vaqt' (time), specifying its scarcity for a particular action.
Bu kitobda rasmlar kam.
There are few pictures in this book.
'kam' modifies 'rasmlar' (pictures), indicating a small number.
Uning ovozi kam eshitildi.
His/Her voice was heard little.
'kam' modifies the verb 'eshitildi' (was heard), indicating a low audibility.
Bizda ko'p emas, kam mehmon keldi.
Few guests came, not many.
'kam' used to describe the number of 'mehmon' (guests).
Bu yil hosil kam bo'ldi.
The harvest was little this year.
'kam' modifies 'hosil' (harvest), indicating a small yield.
Uning xatolari kam edi.
His/Her mistakes were few.
'kam' modifies 'xatolar' (mistakes), indicating a small number.
Yangi loyihalar uchun mablag‘ kam ajratilgan.
Little funding has been allocated for new projects.
'kam' modifies 'mablag‘' (funding), indicating a limited amount available.
Bu hududda ish o‘rinlari kamligi sababli, ko‘pchilik boshqa shaharlarga ketadi.
Due to the scarcity of job opportunities in this region, many people move to other cities.
'kamligi' (scarcity) is used to describe the lack of 'ish o‘rinlari' (job opportunities).
Uning nutqida dalillar kam edi, ko‘proq hissiyotlarga urg‘u berdi.
There were few facts in his/her speech; he/she emphasized emotions more.
'kam' modifies 'dalillar' (facts), indicating a lack of supporting evidence.
Bizning jamoada tajribali futbolchilar kam.
Our team has few experienced football players.
'kam' modifies 'futbolchilar' (players), specifying a small number of experienced ones.
Qishloqqa borishga imkoniyatlar kam bo‘lgani uchun, biz tez-tez uchrasholmaymiz.
Because opportunities to go to the village are few, we cannot meet often.
'kam' describes the limited 'imkoniyatlar' (opportunities) for visiting.
Hozirgi vaqtda bunday kitoblarni topish qiyin, ulardan kam.
It is difficult to find such books nowadays; there are few of them.
'kam' is used to emphasize the scarcity of 'kitoblar' (books).
Uning sabr-toqati kam, shuning uchun tezda jahli chiqadi.
His/Her patience is little, so he/she gets angry quickly.
'kam' modifies 'sabr-toqat' (patience), indicating a limited capacity.
Bu yilgi yomg‘ir kam bo‘lgani sababli, ekinlar yaxshi unib chiqmadi.
Because the rainfall was little this year, the crops did not sprout well.
'kam' modifies 'yomg‘ir' (rainfall), indicating insufficient precipitation.
Global iqtisodiyotda resurslar kamayib borayotgan bir paytda, samaradorlikni oshirish zarur.
At a time when resources are diminishing in the global economy, increasing efficiency is necessary.
'kamayib borayotgan' (diminishing/decreasing) is a verb form related to 'kam', indicating a reduction in resources.
Zamonaviy texnologiyalar hayotimizni osonlashtirgan bo‘lsa-da, ba’zi qadriyatlarga e’tibor kamaygan.
Although modern technologies have simplified our lives, attention to some values has decreased.
'kamaygan' (decreased) is used to show a reduction in 'e'tibor' (attention) to values.
Uning ma’ruzalarida ilmiy asoslar kam, ko‘pincha shaxsiy fikrlar ustunlik qiladi.
There are few scientific grounds in his/her lectures; personal opinions often prevail.
'kam' modifies 'asoslar' (grounds), indicating a lack of scientific basis.
Mamlakatning rivojlanishida infratuzilma muhim rol o‘ynaydi, ammo bizda bunga sarmoya kam.
Infrastructure plays an important role in a country's development, but we have little investment in it.
'kam' modifies 'sarmoya' (investment), highlighting its insufficiency.
Jamiyatda sog‘lom turmush tarziga amal qiluvchilar soni kamayib bormoqda.
The number of people practicing a healthy lifestyle in society is decreasing.
'kamayib bormoqda' (is decreasing) indicates a progressive reduction in the number of individuals.
Uning ijodida yangilik kam, ko‘pincha eski uslublarni takrorlaydi.
There is little innovation in his/her work; he/she often repeats old styles.
'kam' modifies 'yangiilik' (innovation), indicating a lack of originality.
Turizm sohasi uchun infratuzilmani yaxshilashga mablag‘ kam ajratilgan.
Little funding has been allocated to improve infrastructure for the tourism sector.
'kam' modifies 'mablag‘' (funding), indicating insufficient financial resources.
Siyosiy munozaralarda konstruktiv fikr almashinuv kam, ko‘pincha tortishuvlar ustunlik qiladi.
There is little constructive exchange of ideas in political discussions; arguments often prevail.
'kam' modifies 'fikr almashinuv' (exchange of ideas), indicating a lack of constructive dialogue.
Ta'lim tizimida ijodiy fikrlashni rag‘batlantirishga e’tibor kamayganligi tobora yaqqol ko‘zga tashlanmoqda.
The decreased focus on encouraging creative thinking in the education system is becoming increasingly apparent.
'kamayganligi' (the fact that it has decreased) refers to the diminishing emphasis on 'ijodiy fikrlash' (creative thinking).
Global savdo hajmlarining kamayishi jahon iqtisodiyotida noaniqlikni oshirmoqda.
The decrease in global trade volumes is increasing uncertainty in the world economy.
'kamayishi' (the decrease) refers to the reduction in 'savdo hajmlari' (trade volumes).
Uning adabiy asarlarida ijtimoiy muammolarga urg‘u kam, ko‘proq shaxsiy hissiyotlar dunyosiga sho‘ng‘iydi.
There is little emphasis on social issues in his/her literary works; he/she delves more into the world of personal emotions.
'kam' modifies 'urg‘u' (emphasis), indicating a lack of focus on social issues.
Siyosiy jarayonlarda fuqarolar ishtiroki kamayganligi, demokratiyaning zaiflashuvidan dalolat beradi.
The reduced participation of citizens in political processes indicates the weakening of democracy.
'kamayganligi' (the fact that it has reduced) refers to the diminished 'fuqarolar ishtiroki' (citizen participation).
Tabiiy resurslar kamaygan sari, ularni tejash va qayta ishlash muhim ahamiyat kasb etmoqda.
As natural resources diminish, their conservation and recycling are gaining importance.
'kamaygan sari' (as they diminish) describes the ongoing reduction of 'tabiiy resurslar' (natural resources).
Zamonaviy jamiyatda shaxsiy o‘zini o‘zi rivojlantirishga intilish kamaygan, ko‘pchilik tashqi omillarga bog‘liq.
In modern society, the drive for personal self-development has decreased, with many relying on external factors.
'kamaygan' (has decreased) refers to the reduced 'intilish' (drive) for self-development.
Uning tadqiqotlarida empirik dalillar kam, ko‘pincha nazariy taxminlarga asoslanadi.
There are few empirical evidences in his/her research; it is often based on theoretical assumptions.
'kam' modifies 'dalillar' (evidences), indicating a lack of empirical support.
Suhbat jarayonida tushunmovchiliklar kam bo‘lishi uchun, ma’lumotni aniq va ravshan yetkazish lozim.
To ensure few misunderstandings during a conversation, information must be conveyed clearly and lucidly.
'kam' modifies 'tushunmovchiliklar' (misunderstandings), aiming for their minimization.
Ekologik muvozanatning buzilishi natijasida bioxilma-xillik keskin kamayib bormoqda, bu esa ekotizimlarning barqarorligiga tahdid solmoqda.
As a result of the disruption of ecological balance, biodiversity is rapidly diminishing, posing a threat to the stability of ecosystems.
'kamayib bormoqda' (is diminishing) describes the severe reduction in 'bioxilma-xillik' (biodiversity).
Zamonaviy axborot texnologiyalari davrida diqqatni jamlash qobiliyati kamayganligi haqidagi xavotirlar asosli.
Concerns about the diminished ability to concentrate in the era of modern information technologies are well-founded.
'kamayganligi' (the fact that it has diminished) refers to the reduced 'diqqatni jamlash qobiliyati' (ability to concentrate).
Uning falsafiy qarashlarida amaliyotga oid dalillar kam, ko‘proq metaforik va ramziy ma’nolarga urg‘u beradi.
There are few practical evidences in his/her philosophical views; he/she emphasizes metaphorical and symbolic meanings more.
'kam' modifies 'dalillar' (evidences), indicating a lack of practical grounding.
Global iqlim o‘zgarishlari sharoitida qishloq xo‘jaligida suv resurslaridan foydalanish samaradorligi kamayganligi sezilmoqda.
In the context of global climate change, the efficiency of water resource utilization in agriculture is perceived to have decreased.
'kamayganligi' (the fact that it has decreased) refers to the reduced 'samadorligi' (efficiency) of 'suv resurslari' (water resources).
Siyosiy ritorikada haqiqatga asoslangan dalillar kamayib, populist shiorlar ustunlik qilayotgan tendensiya kuzatilmoqda.
A trend is observed where factual evidence in political rhetoric is diminishing, and populist slogans are gaining prominence.
'kamayib' (diminishing) describes the reduction in 'haqiqatga asoslangan dalillar' (fact-based evidence).
Ijodiy jarayonda ilhomlantiruvchi omillar kamayganida, ijodkor o‘z uslubini qayta ko‘rib chiqishi zarur.
When inspiring factors decrease in the creative process, the artist must re-examine their style.
'kamayganida' (when they decrease) refers to the reduction in 'ilhomlantiruvchi omillar' (inspiring factors).
Jamiyatda axloqiy me’yorlarning ahamiyati kamayganligi, ijtimoiy muammolarning ko‘payishiga olib kelmoqda.
The diminished importance of moral norms in society is leading to an increase in social problems.
'kamayganligi' (the fact that it has diminished) refers to the reduced 'ahamiyati' (importance) of 'axloqiy me’yorlar' (moral norms).
Ma’naviy qadriyatlarga e’tibor kamaygan sharoitda, yosh avlodni tarbiyalashda ko‘plab qiyinchiliklar yuzaga keladi.
In conditions where attention to spiritual values has decreased, many difficulties arise in educating the younger generation.
'kamaygan' (has decreased) describes the reduced 'e'tibor' (attention) to 'ma’naviy qadriyatlar' (spiritual values).
よく使う組み合わせ
よく使うフレーズ
— May it not be little! This is a polite expression used when someone gives you something, wishing that what they have will not decrease because of their generosity. It's similar to 'May your generosity continue!' or 'Blessings on your giving!'
Do'stingiz sizga biror narsa berganda, u "Kam bo'lmasin!" deb aytishi mumkin.
— At least. Used to indicate a minimum quantity or number.
Bu ishni qilish uchun kamida uch soat vaqt ketadi.
— To be decreasing / diminishing. Describes a continuous reduction in quantity or amount.
Dunyo bo'ylab muzliklar kamayib bormoqda.
— To be a shortage / to be lacking. Indicates a deficiency or insufficiency.
Bu hududda ichimlik suvi kamchilik bo'lmoqda.
— Rarely / seldom. Used to describe something that happens very infrequently.
Men uni kamdan-kam ko'raman.
— At least one. Used to specify a minimum of one item or person.
Bu loyiha uchun kamida bir mutaxassis kerak.
— Literally 'little opened, little slaughtered'. This is an idiom referring to someone who is stingy, secretive, or not generous with their resources or information. It implies they reveal or share very little.
U odam kam ochil, kam so'yil bo'lgani uchun uning niyatini bilish qiyin.
— To appear little / to be rarely seen. Indicates something that is not often visible or present.
Bu turdagi qushlar tabiatda kam ko'rinadi.
— To use little / sparingly. To consume or employ something in small quantities.
Shakar kam ishlatgan yaxshi.
— To underestimate / to value little. To not give much importance or credit to something or someone.
Uni kam baho bermang, u juda qobiliyatli.
よく混同される語
'Oz' and 'ozgina' are very similar to 'kam' and can often be used interchangeably. However, 'oz' might imply a slightly more positive or usable small amount, whereas 'kam' often emphasizes scarcity or lack. For example, 'oz pul' might mean 'a little money' you can use, while 'kam pul' means 'not enough money'.
This is a phonetic confusion. 'Kam' (few/little) sounds similar to 'kash' (to regret), which is a verb. The context will usually make the meaning clear, but learners should be aware of this potential mishearing.
'Ko'p' is the direct antonym of 'kam', meaning 'much' or 'many'. Learners often confuse the two when expressing quantity, needing to choose between expressing a lack ('kam') or an abundance ('ko'p').
慣用句と表現
— This idiom describes someone who is very reserved, secretive, or ungenerous. They reveal little about themselves or their possessions, and share even less. It implies a lack of openness and generosity.
Uning sirli xarakteri tufayli, u har doim kam ochil, kam so'yil bo'lib qoladi.
Informal— Literally 'one who has seen little does not become full/satisfied'. This proverb means that someone who has experienced scarcity or hardship in the past may never feel truly content or satisfied, even when they have plenty. They are always afraid of returning to their former state of lack.
Uning doimiy xavotirlari shundaki, kam ko'rgandan to'ygan bo'lmas.
Proverbial— Little talk, much work. This idiom praises someone who is action-oriented and doesn't waste time with excessive talking. They are efficient and let their work speak for itself.
Bizning jamoamizning shiori kam gap, ko'p ish.
Neutral— To underestimate someone or something; to value little. It means to not recognize the true worth or potential of a person or situation.
Hech qachon raqibingizga kam baho bermang.
Neutral— To make a mistake or to allow for a deficiency. It means to fail or to not meet a certain standard, often implying a minor oversight or error.
Bu jarayonda kamchilikka yo'l qo'ymang.
Neutral— To use sparingly or in small quantities. Implies careful and economical use of resources.
Elektr energiyasini kam ishlatish muhim.
Neutral— To think little; to not consider something deeply. It suggests a lack of careful thought or deliberation.
Bu masalani kam o'ylab qaror qabul qilmang.
Neutral— To see little; to experience little. Refers to a lack of experience or exposure to certain things.
Yoshligida ko'p safar qilmagani uchun, dunyoni kam ko'rgan.
Neutral— To receive little; to get a small amount. Implies receiving less than expected or deserved.
U mehnatiga yarasha kam oladi.
Neutral— To be few; to be lacking. A general statement of scarcity.
Bu yerda mevalar kam bo'ladi.
Neutral間違えやすい
Both 'kam' and 'oz' (and its form 'ozgina') translate to 'little' or 'few' and are used to indicate small quantities.
'Kam' generally emphasizes scarcity or a lack of something, implying insufficiency. 'Oz' or 'ozgina' can also mean 'little' or 'few', but often imply a smaller, perhaps more precise or usable, amount, or simply 'a little bit' as an adverbial modifier. For example, 'kam pul' might mean 'not enough money', while 'ozgina pul' could mean 'a small amount of money' that is still available.
Menda <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>kam</mark> vaqt qoldi. (I have little time left - implying not enough to finish.) vs. Men <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>ozgina</mark> dam oldim. (I rested a little bit - implying a short, perhaps refreshing, break.)
Both 'kam' and 'ko'p' are quantifiers used to describe amounts or numbers, but they represent opposite ends of the spectrum.
'Kam' signifies a small quantity, scarcity, or infrequency ('little', 'few', 'rarely'). 'Ko'p' signifies a large quantity, abundance, or frequency ('much', 'many', 'often'). Learners need to distinguish between expressing a lack and expressing an abundance.
Bu yerda <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>kam</mark> odam bor. (There are few people here.) vs. Bu yerda <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>ko'p</mark> odam bor. (There are many people here.)
'Kamaymoq' (to decrease) is derived from 'kam' and relates to the concept of reduction.
'Kam' is primarily an adverb meaning 'little' or 'few', describing a state of scarcity. 'Kamaymoq' is a verb meaning 'to decrease' or 'to reduce', describing the process of becoming less. While related, one describes a state, and the other describes an action or process.
Menda pul <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>kam</mark>. (I have little money - state of scarcity.) vs. Pulim <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>kamaymoqda</mark>. (My money is decreasing - process of reduction.)
'Kamchilik' is a noun derived from 'kam', meaning 'shortage' or 'deficit'.
'Kam' is an adverb indicating a small quantity or infrequency. 'Kamchilik' is a noun referring to the state of being deficient, a shortage, or a lack. 'Kam' describes *how much* there is (little/few), while 'kamchilik' refers to the *problem* of not having enough.
Bizda suv <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>kam</mark>. (We have little water.) vs. Suv <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>kamchilik</mark> sezilyapti. (A water shortage is being felt.)
Both 'kam' and 'yetarli' relate to quantity, but represent opposite concepts.
'Kam' means 'little' or 'few', indicating insufficiency. 'Yetarli' means 'enough' or 'sufficient', indicating an adequate quantity. They are antonyms in meaning when referring to quantity.
Bizga <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>kam</mark> pul kerak edi. (We needed little money.) vs. Bizga <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>yetarli</mark> pul kerak edi. (We needed enough money.)
文型パターン
Noun + kam
Kitoblar <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>kam</mark>.
Subject + kam + Verb
U <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>kam</mark> gapiradi.
Menda/Sizda/Unda + Noun + kam
Menda pul <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>kam</mark>.
Noun + kam + edi/bo'ldi
Mehmonlar <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>kam</mark> edi.
Adverb + kam + Adjective/Adverb
Bu <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>juda kam</mark> qiziqarli.
Noun + kamligi sababli...
Ish o'rinlari <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>kamligi</mark> sababli, ko'pchilik ketadi.
kamayib + Verb suffix
Resurslar <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>kamayib</mark> bormoqda.
kamayganligi + conjunction
<mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>Kamayganligi</mark> sababli, muammo yuzaga keldi.
語族
名詞
動詞
関連
使い方
Very High
-
Confusing 'kam' with 'oz' or 'ozgina'.
→
Use 'kam' for general scarcity or lack, and 'oz'/'ozgina' for a smaller, perhaps more usable, amount or 'a little bit'.
While both mean 'little' or 'few', 'kam' often implies insufficiency. 'Oz' can be more neutral or even slightly positive. For example, 'kam pul' (little money, implying not enough) vs. 'ozgina pul' (a small amount of money).
-
Incorrect placement of 'kam'.
→
As an adverb, 'kam' usually precedes the word it modifies (verb, adjective, etc.).
Saying 'Gapiraman kam' instead of 'Kam gapiraman' is grammatically awkward. The standard is 'Subject + kam + Verb' or 'Subject + Noun + kam'.
-
Using 'kam' when 'ko'p' (much/many) is needed.
→
Choose 'kam' for small quantities/infrequency and 'ko'p' for large quantities/frequency.
This is a fundamental antonym confusion. Ensure you are expressing scarcity with 'kam' and abundance with 'ko'p'.
-
Treating 'kam' as an adjective that inflects.
→
'Kam' is an adverb and does not change form based on the noun it relates to.
Unlike true adjectives, 'kam' remains 'kam' regardless of whether it refers to a singular or plural noun, or a masculine/feminine concept (which Uzbek doesn't have grammatical gender for).
-
Overusing 'kam' for every instance of 'little'.
→
Use 'kam' when emphasizing scarcity or a lack. Consider 'oz', 'bir oz', or 'yetarli' (enough) in other contexts.
While 'kam' is common, sometimes 'ozgina' or 'bir oz' sounds more natural for small, non-problematic amounts. 'Yetarli' is used when the amount is sufficient.
ヒント
Distinguish 'kam' from 'oz'
While similar, 'kam' often implies scarcity and insufficiency ('little/few'), whereas 'oz' or 'ozgina' can mean 'a small amount' or 'a little bit'. Pay attention to the context to choose the most appropriate word.
Adverb Placement
'Kam' is an adverb. It typically precedes the verb, adjective, or adverb it modifies. For example, 'U kam gapiradi' (He/She speaks little).
Visual Association
Imagine a camel carrying very little cargo. The 'kam-el' has 'kam' (little) cargo. This visual can help you remember the meaning of 'kam'.
Common Collocations
Learn common phrases like 'vaqt kam' (little time), 'pul kam' (little money), and 'odam kam' (few people). These are frequently used and will help you understand and use 'kam' more naturally.
Open 'a' sound
Ensure you pronounce the 'a' in 'kam' as an open 'ah' sound, similar to the 'a' in 'father', rather than the short 'a' in 'cat'.
Antonyms
Understanding the antonym 'ko'p' (much/many) will reinforce your grasp of 'kam' by highlighting the contrast between scarcity and abundance.
Sentence Building
Try to create your own sentences using 'kam' to describe things you have little of, or actions you do infrequently. This active practice is key to retention.
Hospitality Nuances
While 'kam' is a neutral word, be mindful of using it when discussing hospitality. Saying 'kam' might imply a lack of generosity if not phrased carefully. The phrase 'Kam bo'lmasin!' offers a polite way to respond when receiving something.
Countability
'Kam' applies to both countable ('few') and uncountable ('little') nouns. For example, 'kam kitob' (few books) and 'kam suv' (little water).
Derived Forms
Explore related words like 'kamaymoq' (to decrease), 'kamchilik' (shortage), and 'kamroq' (less) to build a richer vocabulary around the concept of 'little'.
暗記しよう
記憶術
Imagine a camel ('kam-el') carrying very little cargo because it's tired. The 'kam-el' has 'kam' (little) cargo.
視覚的連想
Picture a nearly empty shopping cart with only one or two items in it. This visual represents 'kam' (few items).
Word Web
チャレンジ
Try to describe five things you have 'kam' of in your home right now. For example, 'Menda kitob kam' (I have few books).
語源
The word 'kam' in Uzbek originates from Old Turkic. It is a common Turkic root found across many related languages, indicating a deficiency or small quantity.
元の意味： The original meaning in Old Turkic was 'scarce', 'deficient', or 'few'.
Turkic (specifically, Old Turkic)文化的な背景
When using 'kam' in Uzbek, especially when referring to resources or hospitality, it's important to be mindful of the context. Saying you have 'kam' of something might be interpreted as a lack of generosity if not phrased carefully or if the situation demands abundance. However, in factual descriptions of quantities or time, it's a neutral and necessary word.
While 'kam' directly translates to 'little' or 'few', the cultural nuances of expressing scarcity can differ. In English-speaking cultures, direct statements about lack might be perceived differently depending on the social setting. Uzbek culture often emphasizes politeness and indirectness when discussing limitations, especially concerning hospitality.
実生活で練習する
実際の使用場面
Talking about available resources (money, food, supplies)
- Pul kam.
- Oziq-ovqat kam.
- Menda <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>kam</mark> zaxira bor.
Discussing time constraints
- Vaqtim kam.
- Ishga <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>kam</mark> vaqt qoldi.
- Bugun <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>kam</mark> uxlab qoldim.
Describing quantities of people or things
- Odam kam.
- Kitoblar <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>kam</mark> edi.
- Mevasi <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>kam</mark> daraxt.
Talking about frequency of actions
- U <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>kam</mark> gapiradi.
- Men <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>kam</mark> uxlayman.
- Ular <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>kam</mark> tashrif buyurishadi.
Expressing a degree or intensity
- <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>Kam</mark> shakarli.
- U <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>kam</mark> xavotirlandi.
- Bu <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>kam</mark> yorug'.
会話のきっかけ
"Bugun sizda qancha vaqt kam qoldi?"
"Sizning uyingizda qanday narsalar kam?"
"O‘tgan hafta siz qancha kam uxladingiz?"
"Bu loyiha uchun qancha mablag‘ kam ajratilgan deb o‘ylaysiz?"
"Sizning fikringizcha, jamiyatda nimalar kamayib bormoqda?"
日記のテーマ
Bugun hayotingizda qanday narsalar kam bo'lganini yozing va bu sizga qanday ta'sir qildi.
Kelajakda qanday resurslar kamayib ketishi mumkin deb o'ylaysiz va buning oldini olish uchun nima qilish mumkin?
Sizningcha, insonlarda qanday fazilatlar kamayib bormoqda va bu jamiyatga qanday ta'sir qiladi?
Biror ishni bajarish uchun vaqt kam bo'lgan vaziyatni tasvirlab bering va qanday qilib uni uddalaganingizni yozing.
O'zingizning kamchiliklaringiz haqida yozing va ularni qanday bartaraf etishni rejalashtirayotganingizni tasvirlang.
よくある質問
10 問Yes, 'kam' is versatile. When referring to countable nouns (like books, people, days), it means 'few'. When referring to uncountable nouns (like money, time, water), it means 'little'. For example: 'kam kitob' (few books) and 'kam vaqt' (little time).
While both can mean 'little' or 'few', 'kam' often emphasizes scarcity or a lack, implying insufficiency. 'Oz' or 'ozgina' can also mean 'a little bit' and might suggest a smaller, perhaps more precise or usable, amount. For instance, 'kam pul' might mean 'not enough money', while 'ozgina pul' could mean 'a small amount of money' that is still available.
'Kam' is pronounced like 'cam' in English. The 'a' sound is an open 'ah' as in 'father'. It's a single syllable word: /kɑm/.
Yes, 'kam' can be used to describe frequency, meaning 'rarely' or 'infrequently'. For example, 'U kam keladi' means 'He/She comes rarely' or 'He/She seldom comes'.
The direct opposite of 'kam' is 'ko'p', which means 'much' or 'many'. So, if 'kam' means little/few, 'ko'p' means much/many.
'Kamroq' is the comparative form of 'kam' and means 'less'. You use it when comparing two quantities. For example, 'Bu avvalgidan kamroq qimmat' means 'This is less expensive than before'.
Yes, the noun 'kamchilik' means 'shortage', 'deficit', or 'lack'. For example, 'Mablag‘ kamchilik bo'ldi' means 'There was a shortage of funds'.
You can use the phrase 'kamida' to mean 'at least'. For example, 'Bu ishni qilish uchun kamida uch soat kerak' means 'At least three hours are needed to do this work'.
Yes, 'kam' can be used for abstract concepts like patience ('sabr kam'), interest ('qiziqish kam'), or attention ('e'tibor kam'). For example, 'Uning sabri kam' means 'His/Her patience is little'.
This idiom describes someone who is secretive, reserved, or ungenerous. They reveal or share very little. It implies a lack of openness and generosity.
自分をテスト 10 問
/ 10 correct
Perfect score!
Summary
The Uzbek word 'kam' is a fundamental adverb meaning 'little' or 'few'. It's essential for expressing scarcity, limited amounts, or short durations in everyday contexts, applying to both uncountable nouns (like money, time) and countable nouns (like people, books).
- Expresses a small quantity or duration.
- Used for 'little' (uncountable) and 'few' (countable).
- Common in everyday speech about resources and time.
- Adverb, often placed before the modified word.
Distinguish 'kam' from 'oz'
While similar, 'kam' often implies scarcity and insufficiency ('little/few'), whereas 'oz' or 'ozgina' can mean 'a small amount' or 'a little bit'. Pay attention to the context to choose the most appropriate word.
Adverb Placement
'Kam' is an adverb. It typically precedes the verb, adjective, or adverb it modifies. For example, 'U kam gapiradi' (He/She speaks little).
Visual Association
Imagine a camel carrying very little cargo. The 'kam-el' has 'kam' (little) cargo. This visual can help you remember the meaning of 'kam'.
Common Collocations
Learn common phrases like 'vaqt kam' (little time), 'pul kam' (little money), and 'odam kam' (few people). These are frequently used and will help you understand and use 'kam' more naturally.
