A2 · 初中級 チャプター 2

Describing Clothes and Transport

7 トータルルール
75 例文
6

Chapter in 30 Seconds

Dress yourself and navigate the streets with precision using Chinese measure words.

  • Categorize clothing items using specific classifiers.
  • Distinguish between single items and pairs of accessories.
  • Identify the correct measure words for vehicles and long objects.
Count your style and your ride with confidence.

学べること

Master the specific classifiers needed to talk about your wardrobe, pairs of items, and various vehicles.

Learning Objectives

By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:

  1. 1
    By the end you will be able to describe five different clothing items in your closet with correct measure words.
  2. 2
    By the end you will be able to quantify transport vehicles in a parking lot or street setting.
  3. 3
    By the end you will be able to use 'jian' for both physical clothes and abstract matters.

チャプターガイド

Overview

Welcome to this essential chapter for all A2 Chinese grammar learners! As you progress in your language journey, you'll discover that Chinese doesn't just count items with numbers; it uses special measure words (also called classifiers) that tell you something about the nature of the thing you're counting. This guide is your key to mastering how to describe clothes and transport, two very common topics in daily conversation.
Understanding these specific measure words isn't just about correctness; it's about sounding natural and truly grasping how native speakers categorize the world around them.
At the CEFR A2 level, you're moving beyond basic survival phrases and starting to build more complex sentences. Knowing the right measure words for your wardrobe – from shirts to trousers – and for various vehicles will significantly boost your fluency and confidence. We'll dive into the nuances of 件 (jiàn), 双 (shuāng), 条 (tiáo), and 辆 (liàng), providing clear examples and practical tips to help you avoid common pitfalls.
Get ready to dress up your Chinese sentences and get around with ease!

How This Grammar Works

In Chinese, you can't just say two shirts (二衬衫); you need a measure word between the number and the noun, like two *of* shirt. This chapter introduces specific measure words crucial for talking about clothing and transportation.
First up is 件 (jiàn). This versatile measure word is primarily used for individual pieces of clothing that cover the upper body, like shirts, jackets, or coats. It can also be used for general items or matters.
For example, 你有几衣服? (Nǐ yǒu jǐ jiàn yīfu? - How many pieces of clothing do you have?) or 我想买一T恤。
(Wǒ xiǎng mǎi yī jiàn T-xù. - I want to buy one T-shirt.)
Next, we have 双 (shuāng), specifically for items that come in pairs. Think shoes, socks, gloves, or chopsticks. You wouldn't say one shoe, but rather
one pair of shoes.
For instance, 我有一新鞋。
(Wǒ yǒu yī shuāng xīn xié. - I have a pair of new shoes.) This measure word is straightforward and essential for describing matching items.
Then there's 条 (tiáo), used for long, flexible, or narrow objects. This is perfect for lower body clothing like trousers, skirts, or dresses. It also applies to things like rivers, roads, or fish.
Examples include: 我穿了一裤子。 (Wǒ chuān le yī tiáo kùzi. - I wore a pair of trousers.) and 这是一漂亮的裙子。
(Zhè shì yī tiáo piàoliang de qúnzi. - This is a beautiful skirt.)
Finally, for transportation, we use 辆 (liàng). This measure word is dedicated to vehicles with wheels, such as cars, bicycles, buses, or motorcycles. It's a key part of Chinese grammar for discussing how people get around.
For example, 他有三车。 (Tā yǒu sān liàng chē. - He has three cars.) or 我骑一自行车去上班。
(Wǒ qí yī liàng zìxíngchē qù shàngbān. - I ride a bicycle to work.) Mastering these specific measure words will significantly enhance your ability to describe your world in Chinese!

Common Mistakes

  1. 1Wrong: 我买了一个衬衫。 (Wǒ mǎi le yī gè chènshān.)
Correct: 我买了一件衬衫。 (Wǒ mǎi le yī jiàn chènshān.)
*Explanation:* While 个 (gè) is a general measure word, it's incorrect for shirts. 件 (jiàn) is the specific measure word for upper-body clothing like shirts.
  1. 1Wrong: 她穿了两裤子。 (Tā chuān le liǎng kùzi.)
Correct: 她穿了两条裤子。 (Tā chuān le liǎng tiáo kùzi.)
*Explanation:* You must include the measure word 条 (tiáo) for trousers, as they are long and flexible. Omitting the measure word is a common error for A2 Chinese learners.
  1. 1Wrong: 我想租一车。 (Wǒ xiǎng zū yī chē.)
Correct: 我想租一辆车。 (Wǒ xiǎng zū yī liàng chē.)
*Explanation:* For vehicles, the measure word 辆 (liàng) is essential. Simply saying the number and the noun is grammatically incomplete in Chinese.

Real Conversations

A

A

你今天穿了什么衣服? (Nǐ jīntiān chuān le shénme yīfu? - What clothes are you wearing today?)
B

B

我穿了一件白T恤和一条牛仔裤。 (Wǒ chuān le yī jiàn bái T-xù hé yī tiáo niúzǎikù. - I'm wearing a white T-shirt and a pair of jeans.)
A

A

你怎么上班? (Nǐ zěnme shàngbān? - How do you get to work?)
B

B

我通常骑一辆自行车。 (Wǒ tōngcháng qí yī liàng zìxíngchē. - I usually ride a bicycle.)
A

A

这双鞋多少钱? (Zhè shuāng xié duōshao qián? - How much are these shoes?)
B

B

这双鞋三百块。 (Zhè shuāng xié sānbǎi kuài. - These shoes are 300 yuan.)

Quick FAQ

Q

Why are measure words so important in Chinese grammar?

Measure words are crucial because they're an integral part of how quantities are expressed in Chinese, making your sentences grammatically correct and helping you sound natural. They also classify nouns, giving more information about their type.

Q

Can I always use 个 (gè) if I forget the specific measure word?

While 个 (gè) is a very common and somewhat 'universal' measure word, using it incorrectly for items like clothes or vehicles will sound unnatural or even wrong to native speakers. It's best to learn the specific measure words like , , , and for clarity and accuracy at the A2 Chinese level.

Q

What's the main difference between 件 (jiàn) and 条 (tiáo) for clothes?

件 (jiàn) is used for individual pieces of upper-body clothing (like shirts, jackets), while 条 (tiáo) is used for lower-body clothing (trousers, skirts) or dresses, which are typically long and flexible.

Q

Are there other measure words for vehicles besides 辆 (liàng)?

For vehicles, 辆 (liàng) is the primary and most common measure word. For very specific contexts like trains or boats, other measure words might be used, but for general vehicles like cars, bikes, and buses, 辆 (liàng) is almost always correct and what you should focus on.

Cultural Context

In Chinese culture, the use of measure words is deeply ingrained and reflects a way of categorizing the world that is different from English. It's not just a grammatical rule; it's part of the language's inherent logic. When a native speaker asks for
one shirt
or
two cars,
they are naturally applying this classification system.
Mastering these measure words shows respect for the language's structure and helps you communicate with greater precision and cultural understanding, making your Chinese sound much more authentic.

重要な例文 (4)

1

{这件衬衫|zhè jiàn chènshān} 太贵了,我买不起。

このシャツは高すぎて、私には買えません。

シャツや用事を数える量詞:件 (jiàn)
2

我有 {一件急事|yī jiàn jíshì} 要告诉你。

あなたに伝えたい急用があります。

シャツや用事を数える量詞:件 (jiàn)
3

我想买一辆新车。

新しい車を買いたいです。

乗り物の数え方:量詞「辆 (liàng)」
4

外卖小哥有一辆很酷的摩托车。

配達のお兄さんは、とてもカッコいいバイクを持っています。

乗り物の数え方:量詞「辆 (liàng)」

ヒントとコツ (4)

💡

ハンガー・トリック

一般的なハンガーに無理なく掛けられる服なら、たいてい «件|jiàn» を使います。例えばこれ:«这件大衣很重。»
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 服の数え方:量詞「件 (jiàn)」
💡

上半身ルール

肩から腰までに着る服なら、ほぼ間違いなく «件» を使います。«穿一件毛衣。»
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: シャツや用事を数える量詞:件 (jiàn)
💡

「ゆらゆら」テスト!

振ったときにゆらゆら動くもの(ズボンやヘビ)は «条» です。逆に、棒のように硬いものは «根|gēn» を使います。例えば縄なら: «一条绳子»
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 細長くてくねくねしたものを数える:条 (tiáo)
⚠️

「ペア」と考えないで!

英語では 'a pair of pants' と言いますが、中国語で「ペア」を意味する «双» は使いません。ズボンは一本の長い布と考えて «一条裤子» と言います。
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 長くてしなやかな物の量詞(条 / tiáo)

重要な語彙 (8)

衣服(yīfu) clothes 衬衫(chènshān) shirt 鞋(xié) shoes 裤子(kùzi) pants 路(lù) road 自行车(zìxíngchē) bicycle 公共汽车(gōnggòng qìchē) bus 事情(shìqing) matter/thing

Real-World Preview

luggage

Packing for a Weekend Trip

Review Summary

  • Number + 件(jiàn) + Clothing/Matter
  • Number + 双(shuāng) + Pair of items
  • Number + 条(tiáo) + Long/Flexible object
  • Number + 辆(liàng) + Vehicle

よくある間違い

Pants are long and flexible, so they require 'tiáo' instead of the general 'gè'.

Wrong: 一个裤子 (yī gè kùzi)
正解: 一条裤子 (yī tiáo kùzi)

'Shuāng' is only for pairs. Even though you have two sleeves, a shirt is one item.

Wrong: 一双衣服 (yī shuāng yīfu)
正解: 一件衣服 (yī jiàn yīfu)

'Liàng' is for the vehicle on the road, but the road itself is long and uses 'tiáo'.

Wrong: 两辆路 (liǎng liàng lù)
正解: 两条路 (liǎng tiáo lù)

このチャプターのルール (7)

Next Steps

You've just leveled up your Chinese significantly. Using specific measure words is a hallmark of a dedicated learner. Keep practicing your 'tiao' and 'jian'!

Closet Audit

Street Watch

クイック練習 (6)

正しい量詞を選んで空欄を埋めてください。

我买了三___T恤。(Tシャツを3枚買いました。)

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer:
Tシャツは上半身の服なので、«件» を使います。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: シャツや用事を数える量詞:件 (jiàn)

この文章の間違いを見つけてください。

我有 {一件事情|yī jiàn shìqing} 想告诉你。

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 間違いなし。この文章は正しい。
抽象的な「用事・こと」を数えるとき、«件» は完璧な使い方です。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: シャツや用事を数える量詞:件 (jiàn)

「私は自転車を2台持っています」という正しい文を選んでください。

正しい中国語を選びましょう:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 我有两辆自行车。
数を数えるときは「两」を使い、自転車の量詞は「辆」にするのが正解です。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 乗り物の数え方:量詞「辆 (liàng)」

「ズボン1本」として正しいフレーズはどれ?

自然な中国語を選んでください:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: {一条裤子|yī tiáo kùzi}
ズボンは細長いので、«条» を使うのが正解です。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: シャツや用事を数える量詞:件 (jiàn)

乗り物に合う正しい量詞を空欄に入れてください。

我哥哥买了一___新车。

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer:
「车」(車)は地面を走る乗り物なので、量詞は「辆」を使います。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 乗り物の数え方:量詞「辆 (liàng)」

間違った量詞を見つけて修正してください。

昨天我租了一个自行车。

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 昨天我租了一辆自行车。
乗り物に汎用的な「个」を使うのは不自然です。自転車には「辆」を使いましょう。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 乗り物の数え方:量詞「辆 (liàng)」

Score: /6

よくある質問 (6)

ジャケットだけなら jiàn でOKですが、上下セットなら «{套|tào}» を使います。«{一件西装|yī jiàn xīzhuāng}» はジャケットのみ、«{一套西装|yī tào xīzhuāng}» でフルスーツを指しますよ。
基本的には使いません。指輪やピアスのような小さなものは «{个|gè}» や、ペアなら «{对|duì}» を使います。jiàn は身に付けるものとしては少し大きいイメージです。
日本語の「〜枚」や「〜本」と同じです。中国語では、物を数えるときに必ずその名詞に合った単位が必要です。«件» は上半身の服や用事に使います。
意味は通じますが、少し幼い印象を与えます。「シャツ1個」と言うより «一件衬衫» と言う方が、中国語をしっかり知っている感じが出せますよ。
ズボンには足を通す部分があり、足は長くて動くものだからです。中国語では足に関連する衣類には «一条裤子» のように {条|tiáo} を使います。
意味は通じますが、少し子供っぽかったり、外国語なまりのように聞こえます。 «一个裤子» ではなく、正しく «一条裤子» と言えるとかっこいいですよ!