Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds
In Portuguese, most nouns become plural by adding an 's' to the end, but watch out for words ending in vowels vs consonants.
- Vowel endings: Add -s (e.g., 'casa' becomes 'casas').
- Consonant endings: Add -es (e.g., 'flor' becomes 'flores').
- M-ending: Change 'm' to 'ns' (e.g., 'homem' becomes 'homens').
Overview
a, e, i, o, u）ですか？ なら、最後に s をくっつけるだけ。それだけです。語幹を変えたり、変な母音変化もありません。単数形に s をペタッと貼れば、はい、複数形の完成。これは名詞（物の名前）と形容詞（説明）の両方に適用されます。ポルトガル語には性別（男性・女性）がありますが、このルールはお構いなし。母音で終われば、男性名詞も女性名詞も s をつけるだけです。- 1-a で終わる
- 単数:
a casa(家) - 複数:
as casas(家々)
- 1-e で終わる
- 単数:
o nome(名前) - 複数:
os nomes(名前たち)
- 1-i で終わる
- 単数:
o táxi(タクシー) - 複数:
os táxis(タクシー数台)
- 1-o で終わる
- 単数:
o carro(車) - 複数:
os carros(車数台)
- 1-u で終わる
- 単数:
o menu(メニュー) - 複数:
os menus(メニュー表)
o, a）も s の影響を受けます。O は os に、a は as になります。- 注文:
Queria dois cafés, por favor.
(コーヒーを2つお願いします。) - SNS: インスタで
#amigos(友達) や#ferias(休暇) などのタグを見かけますよね。 - 買い物: 新しい靴？
Sapatos。Tシャツ？Camisetas。 - 描写: 形容詞も合わせるのを忘れずに！
Carros rápidos(速い車たち)。
- 冠詞を忘れる:
livros(本) と言っても、oをosに変えるのを忘れがち。o livrosではなくos livrosです。冠詞もパーティに参加させてあげて。 - 形容詞の手抜き: 名詞は複数形にしたのに、形容詞を忘れるパターン。
- ❌
As casas bonita - ✅
As casas bonitas - フレーズ内のすべてに
sが必要です。 - 発音のサプライズ: ポルトガル（特にリスボンやリオ）では、最後の
sは「シュ」のような音になります。サンパウロでは「ズ」に近い音です。英語のような鋭い「ス」ではないことだけ知っておいてください。
- 子音 (r, z, s): これらで終わる単語は通常
-esを足します。 (o favor→os favores) - -m で終わる:
sを足す前にmがnに変わります。 (o homem→os homens) - -ão で終わる: これらはカオスです。
-ões,-ães,-ãosのどれかになります。 (o pão→os pães)
-s ルールは親友のような存在です。Os sites, os shows。Os Silvas は「シルバ一家」を指します。-s が鉄則です。Pluralization Rules
| Ending | Rule | Singular | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Vowel
|
Add -s
|
Casa
|
Casas
|
|
-r
|
Add -es
|
Flor
|
Flores
|
|
-s
|
Add -es
|
País
|
Países
|
|
-z
|
Add -es
|
Luz
|
Luzes
|
|
-m
|
Change to -ns
|
Homem
|
Homens
|
|
-l
|
Change to -is
|
Animal
|
Animais
|
Meanings
Pluralization indicates that there is more than one of a specific noun. It requires agreement with articles and adjectives.
Standard Plural
Indicates multiple items.
“Eu tenho dois livros.”
“As casas são grandes.”
Collective Plural
Referring to a group.
“Os brasileiros amam futebol.”
“Os alunos estudam muito.”
Reference Table
| 語尾 | 単数形 | 複数形 | 意味 |
|---|---|---|---|
|
-a
|
a mesa
|
as mesas
|
the tables
|
|
-e
|
o estudante
|
os estudantes
|
the students
|
|
-i
|
o táxi
|
os táxis
|
the taxis
|
|
-o
|
o livro
|
os livros
|
the books
|
|
-u
|
o peru
|
os perus
|
the turkeys
|
フォーマル度スペクトル
As residências são grandes. (Describing property)
As casas são grandes. (Describing property)
As casas são grandes. (Describing property)
As casas são enormes. (Describing property)
カンタンな 'S' の法則
男性名詞
- O carro → Os carros The cars
- O menino → Os meninos The boys
女性名詞
- A casa → As casas The houses
- A chave → As chaves The keys
母音 vs 子音
複数形の作り方
単語の最後は母音？
冠詞は 'O' か 'A'？
よく使うカテゴリー
食べ物
- • Pizzas
- • Bifes
- • Frutas
テクノロジー
- • Sites
- • Apps
- • Vídeos
家族・人
- • Tios
- • Primos
- • Netos
レベル別の例文
O gato é pequeno.
The cat is small.
Os gatos são pequenos.
The cats are small.
Eu tenho uma caneta.
I have a pen.
Eu tenho duas canetas.
I have two pens.
A flor é bonita.
The flower is beautiful.
As flores são bonitas.
The flowers are beautiful.
O homem trabalha.
The man works.
Os homens trabalham.
The men work.
O animal vive na floresta.
The animal lives in the forest.
Os animais vivem na floresta.
The animals live in the forest.
Este papel é importante.
This paper is important.
Estes papéis são importantes.
These papers are important.
A luz da cidade é forte.
The city light is strong.
As luzes da cidade são fortes.
The city lights are strong.
O jardim está florido.
The garden is blooming.
Os jardins estão floridos.
The gardens are blooming.
O país tem leis complexas.
The country has complex laws.
Os países têm leis complexas.
The countries have complex laws.
A voz dela é suave.
Her voice is soft.
As vozes delas são suaves.
Their voices are soft.
O rapaz é muito inteligente.
The boy is very intelligent.
Os rapazes são muito inteligentes.
The boys are very intelligent.
A raiz do problema é clara.
The root of the problem is clear.
As raízes dos problemas são claras.
The roots of the problems are clear.
間違えやすい
Learners mix up changing the gender (o/a) with changing the number (singular/plural).
Learners often forget to pluralize the adjective.
Learners try to apply the 's' rule to words ending in 'm' or 'l'.
よくある間違い
O gatos
Os gatos
Casaes
Casas
Homems
Homens
O gato bonitos
Os gatos bonitos
Floras
Flores
O luz
A luz
Animaises
Animais
Papéises
Papéis
Os país
Os países
As voz
As vozes
Os cidadãos
Os cidadãos
Os caráter
Os caracteres
Os funil
Os funis
文型パターン
Eu tenho ___ ___.
Os ___ são ___.
As ___ que eu comprei são ___.
Muitos ___ acreditam que os ___ são ___.
Real World Usage
Quero dois cafés, por favor.
Amo meus amigos!
Tenho muitas habilidades.
Onde estão os banheiros?
Tô com os meninos.
Quanto custam estas camisas?
冠詞もセットで変えよう
O livros と言ってしまうこと。必ず Os livros とセットで複数にします。 Os と名詞は親友なので、いつも一緒に動きます。発音は場所によって変わるよ
As mesas のように聞こえ方が変わるのが面白いね！'M' で終わる単語に注意
bom や homem のように 'm' で終わる単語は、ただ 's' を足すのではなく ns に変わります。 Bons のように形が変わるので、この母音ルールは使えません！Smart Tips
Check the last letter first to decide the plural suffix.
If the article is 'os' or 'as', the noun MUST be plural.
Make sure it matches the noun's number.
Don't just add 's', change 'm' to 'ns'.
発音
Final S
In Brazil, final 's' often sounds like 'sh' before a consonant.
Final R
The 'r' in 'flores' is often soft.
Declarative
Os gatos são bonitos. ↘
Falling intonation for statements.
暗記しよう
記憶術
Vowels take an S, consonants take an ES, and M turns into NS.
視覚的連想
Imagine a single cat (gato) wearing a hat with an 'S' on it. Then imagine a group of cats (gatos) all wearing hats with 'S' on them.
Rhyme
Vowels like an S to be, consonants need an ES to see.
Story
Once there was a man (homem). He met two other men (homens). They walked to a flower (flor) and saw many flowers (flores). They were happy.
Word Web
チャレンジ
Look around your room and name 5 objects in singular and then plural.
文化メモ
Brazilians often drop the final 's' in casual speech, relying on the article to show plurality.
In Portugal, the final 's' is usually pronounced clearly as a 'sh' sound.
Pluralization is strictly followed in formal contexts, similar to Portugal.
Portuguese pluralization evolved from Latin, where the accusative plural ended in '-s'.
会話のきっかけ
Quantos livros você tem?
Você gosta de animais?
Como são as casas na sua cidade?
Quais são os maiores problemas da sociedade?
日記のテーマ
よくある間違い
Test Yourself
Eu gosto de ___ (o carro) vermelhos.
正しい文を選んでね：
Find and fix the mistake:
Os menino jogam bola.
Score: /3
練習問題
8 exercisesO gato -> Os ___
Qual é o plural de 'flor'?
Find and fix the mistake:
O livros são bons.
O homem trabalha.
Nouns ending in 'l' change to 'is'.
A: Quantos ___ você tem? B: Tenho dois.
são / bonitas / as / flores
Qual termina em 'es'?
Score: /8
Practice Bank
12 exercisesOnde estão as ___ (chave)?
Dois ___ (café), por favor.
'a mesa' の複数形はどれ？
Eu comprei dois livro.
novos / carros / Os / são
単数と複数をペアにしてね
As camisetas são ___ (vermelho).
'o problema' の複数形は？（性はひっかけだよ！）
As meninas bonito chegaram.
友達（男性たち）
Três ___ (taco) de frango.
この文の中で複数形はどれ？ 'O menino come maçãs.'
Score: /12
よくある質問 (8)
No, only those ending in vowels. Consonants take 'es'.
They change to 'ns', like 'homem' to 'homens'.
Yes, 'o' becomes 'os' and 'a' becomes 'as'.
The rule for pluralization is the same, but the article will be 'as'.
Yes, but they follow specific patterns like 'l' to 'is'.
They follow the same rule as nouns: add 's' or 'es'.
It depends on the region, but it often sounds like 'sh' before a consonant.
Yes, it's common in very informal texting, but not recommended for learners.
Scaffolded Practice
1
2
3
4
Mastery Progress
Needs Practice
Improving
Strong
Mastered
In Other Languages
las casas
Spanish uses 'ces' for 'z' endings, while Portuguese uses 'es'.
les maisons
French plural 's' is silent; Portuguese 's' is audible.
die Häuser
German pluralization is highly irregular compared to Portuguese.
hon-tachi
Japanese nouns are generally invariant for number.
al-kutub
Arabic plurals are often internal, not suffix-based.
shū-men
Chinese lacks grammatical pluralization for most nouns.
Learning Path
Prerequisites
Continue With
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