降级 30秒で
- 降级 (jiàngjí) means to downgrade or demote within a formal hierarchy.
- Commonly used for software rollbacks, workplace demotions, and sports relegation.
- In economics, '消费降级' describes a shift toward more affordable lifestyle choices.
- It is a formal verb that requires a structured system of levels or grades.
The Chinese word 降级 (jiàngjí) is a versatile verb that literally translates to 'dropping a level' or 'lowering a grade.' In modern Mandarin, it encompasses a wide range of scenarios, from technical software rollbacks to socio-economic shifts in lifestyle. At its core, it describes the transition of an entity from a higher, more complex, or more prestigious state to a lower, simpler, or less prestigious one. This term is essential for anyone navigating professional, technical, or social environments in China today, as it captures the nuances of movement within hierarchical systems.
- Professional Demotion
- In the workplace, jiàngjí refers to a formal demotion. This occurs when an employee is moved to a lower rank or position, often due to poor performance, restructuring, or disciplinary action. It implies a loss of status and usually a reduction in salary or responsibilities.
- Technical Rollback
- In the world of IT and software, jiàngjí is the standard term for 'downgrading.' This could involve reverting a phone's operating system to an older version because the new one is buggy, or reducing a cloud service subscription to a more basic tier.
- Sports Relegation
- In competitive leagues, particularly football (soccer), when a team performs poorly and is moved from a premier division to a secondary division, they are said to have jiàngjí. This is the opposite of promotion (升级).
如果你的手机变慢了，你可能需要考虑将系统降级。(If your phone becomes slow, you might need to consider downgrading the system.)
One of the most culturally significant uses of this word in recent years is the term 消费降级 (xiāofèi jiàngjí), or 'consumption downgrading.' This refers to a societal trend where consumers shift their spending habits from luxury brands and expensive services to more affordable, value-oriented alternatives. It is a frequent topic in economic discussions and social media debates regarding the middle class's purchasing power in China. Instead of dining at high-end restaurants, people might opt for local eateries; instead of buying designer clothes, they might shop on platforms like Pinduoduo. This use of jiàngjí highlights a collective shift in lifestyle priorities.
- Quality Reduction
- It can also describe the reduction in quality of a product or service. For example, if a hotel reduces its amenities but keeps the same name, customers might complain that the service has jiàngjí.
由于表现不佳，这支球队下个赛季将被降级到乙级联赛。(Due to poor performance, this team will be relegated to the B-league next season.)
Understanding jiàngjí requires recognizing the 'ji' (级) component, which means level, step, or grade. Whenever a system of hierarchy exists—whether it is a credit rating, a membership level, or a military rank—the act of moving down that ladder is expressed through this word. It is a formal, precise term that conveys a clear change in status.
Using 降级 (jiàngjí) correctly in a sentence depends on whether you are talking about a person being demoted, a system being rolled back, or a general trend. It functions primarily as a verb, but it often appears in passive constructions or as part of a compound noun phrase. Below are the primary grammatical patterns you will encounter.
- Passive Construction (被 + 降级)
- When a person is demoted by an authority, we use the 'bèi' (被) structure.
Pattern: [Subject] + 被 + 降级 + (到 [New Level]).
Example: 他被降级到了初级工程师。(He was downgraded to a junior engineer.) - Direct Object (将/把 + Object + 降级)
- When you are the one performing the action, especially in a technical sense.
Pattern: [Subject] + 把/将 + [Object] + 降级.
Example: 我把我的会员卡降级了。(I downgraded my membership card.) - Noun Modifier (降级 + Noun)
- When describing a specific phenomenon.
Pattern: 降级 + [Noun].
Example: 降级处理 (Downgrade processing / Relegation handling).
为了省钱，她决定进行消费降级，不再买昂贵的化妆品。(To save money, she decided to undergo consumption downgrading and stop buying expensive cosmetics.)
It is important to note that jiàngjí is often used with the preposition '到' (dào) to indicate the specific level or rank the object is moving to. Without '到', the sentence simply implies a general reduction in status. For instance, '公司决定对他降级' (The company decided to demote him) focuses on the action, while '公司把他降级到普通职员' (The company demoted him to an ordinary staff member) specifies the result.
这个软件的版本太高了，我的电脑跑不动，必须降级。(This software version is too high, my computer can't run it; I must downgrade.)
In formal writing, such as business reports or news articles, jiàngjí is frequently paired with '信用' (xìnyòng - credit) or '风险' (fēngxiǎn - risk). For example, '信用评级被降级' (Credit rating was downgraded). This demonstrates the word's importance in professional and financial contexts, where precise levels of risk and trust are quantified.
You will encounter 降级 (jiàngjí) in a variety of real-world settings in China. It is not just a textbook word; it is a part of the daily lexicon in tech, sports, and social commentary. Understanding these contexts will help you recognize the word's weight and implications.
- Tech Support and Forums
- If you visit Chinese tech forums like V2EX or Baidu Tieba, you'll see users asking for '降级教程' (downgrade tutorials). This usually refers to rolling back iOS or Android versions after a disappointing update. In this context, it is a technical necessity.
- News and Economy
- Financial news often reports on '信用降级' (credit downgrade). When a major agency like Moody's or S&P lowers a country's or a large corporation's credit rating, this term is used in every headline. It signals economic instability.
- Sports Commentary
- During the football season, fans of teams in the bottom of the table live in fear of the '降级区' (relegation zone). Commentators will analyze which teams are '降级热门' (favorites for relegation).
由于全球经济放缓，该公司的信用评级遭到了降级。(Due to the global economic slowdown, the company's credit rating suffered a downgrade.)
In social media and casual conversation, '消费降级' has become a buzzword. You might hear friends say, '最近没钱了，我要消费降级了' (I'm short on money lately, I need to downgrade my consumption). It’s often used humorously to explain why someone is eating instant noodles instead of steak. It reflects a shared social experience of tightening belts during economic shifts.
很多人在社交媒体上讨论“消费降级”是否真的发生了。(Many people are discussing on social media whether 'consumption downgrading' has actually happened.)
Finally, in administrative contexts, you might hear about '降级处分' (downgrading punishment). This is a specific type of disciplinary action in the Chinese civil service or large state-owned enterprises where an official's rank is lowered as a penalty for misconduct. It is a very serious matter that affects their entire career trajectory.
While 降级 (jiàngjí) seems straightforward, English speakers often confuse it with other Chinese words that mean 'lower' or 'reduce.' Understanding the boundaries of this word is key to sounding natural.
- Confusing 降级 with 降低 (jiàngdī)
- This is the most common error. Jiàngdī means to lower a quantity, level, or standard (like price, temperature, or expectations). Jiàngjí is specifically for moving down a pre-defined rank or category.
Wrong: 降级价格 (Jiàngjí jiàgé - Downgrade price).
Right: 降低价格 (Jiàngdī jiàgé - Lower the price). - Confusing 降级 with 贬职 (biǎnzhí)
- Biǎnzhí specifically means to demote someone's job position. While jiàngjí can be used for this, biǎnzhí is more specific to the 'office' or 'position' (职). Jiàngjí is more about the 'rank' (级). In casual conversation, jiàng职 (jiàngzhí) is more common than biǎnzhí.
注意：你不能说“降级音量”，应该说“调低音量”。(Note: You cannot say 'downgrade the volume'; you should say 'lower the volume'.)
Another mistake is using jiàngjí for physical movement. If you are going down a floor in an elevator, you use '下楼' (xià lóu) or '下降' (xiàjiàng). Jiàngjí is abstract and hierarchical. It’s about status, not physical altitude.
错误：气温降级了。(Wrong: The temperature downgraded.)
正确：气温降低了。(Right: The temperature lowered.)
Finally, be careful with the word jiàngjié (降解), which sounds similar but means 'biodegrade' or 'decompose.' This is a common phonetic slip-up for learners. Jiàngjí is about levels; jiàngjié is about chemistry.
To truly master 降级 (jiàngjí), it helps to see how it compares to its synonyms and related terms. Each has a specific nuance that makes it more appropriate for certain situations.
- 降低 (jiàngdī) vs. 降级 (jiàngjí)
- 降低 is general. It means to make something lower or less (e.g., lower the standards, lower the cost). 降级 is specific to ranks and categories (e.g., from VIP to regular member).
- 降职 (jiàngzhí) vs. 降级 (jiàngjí)
- 降职 is strictly for employment. It means to demote a job title. 降级 is broader; it can be used for jobs, but also for software, sports, and credit ratings.
- 下调 (xiàtiáo) vs. 降级 (jiàngjí)
- 下调 is often used for adjusting numbers or rates (e.g., lowering interest rates or price forecasts). It has a nuance of 'adjustment' rather than 'demotion.'
虽然他的职位没有降级，但他的薪水降低了。(Although his position wasn't downgraded, his salary was reduced.)
In some contexts, you might hear tuìbù (退步 - to regress/step back). While jiàngjí is a formal change in status, tuìbù is a general decline in skill or quality. For example, if a student's grades drop, you say they have tuìbù; if the school moves them to a lower-level class, they have jiàngjí.
银行将该国的经济增长预期从5%下调至4.5%。(The bank adjusted the country's economic growth forecast down from 5% to 4.5%.)
When talking about software, 'rollback' can also be translated as huíguǐ (回归 - to return) or huíguǎn (回滚 - technical rollback). However, jiàngjí remains the most common way to describe installing an older version of an app or OS. In the gaming world, if a player is moved to a lower tier or league, jiàngjí is the standard term.
豆知識
In ancient China, 'ji' (级) was used to count the number of heads taken in battle, which determined a soldier's rank or 'level' of reward. This is why the character contains the silk radical (纟), as heads were often tied together.
発音ガイド
- Pronouncing 'jiàng' as 'jiāng' (flat tone) which means 'river' or 'ginger'.
- Confusing 'jí' with 'jì' (falling tone) which can change the meaning entirely.
- Merging the two sounds into one syllable.
- Incorrectly stressing the second syllable.
- Mispronouncing the 'j' sound as a hard 'g'.
レベル別の例文
我的手机降级了。
My phone downgraded.
Subject + Verb + 了
他不升级，他降级。
He doesn't upgrade; he downgrades.
Negation with 不
这个游戏可以降级吗？
Can this game be downgraded?
Asking a question with 吗
等级降级了。
The level has been downgraded.
Simple noun-verb structure
我不要降级。
I don't want to downgrade.
Expressing desire with 要
你的卡降级了。
Your card has been downgraded.
Possessive 你的
他在降级。
He is downgrading.
Present progressive with 在
这里会降级。
It will downgrade here.
Future possibility with 会
因为没钱，他只能消费降级。
Because he has no money, he can only downgrade his consumption.
Cause and effect with 因为...只能...
这个系统可以降级到旧版本。
This system can be downgraded to the old version.
Using 到 to indicate the target
他的会员卡从金卡降级了。
His membership card was downgraded from a gold card.
Using 从 to indicate the starting point
我们的球队可能会降级。
Our team might be relegated.
Expressing possibility with 可能会
请帮我把软件降级。
Please help me downgrade the software.
Request with 请帮我
降级以后，速度变快了。
After downgrading, the speed became faster.
Time phrase with ...以后
他被降级到了二班。
He was downgraded to Class 2.
Passive voice with 被
如果不努力，你就会降级。
If you don't work hard, you will be downgraded.
Conditional with 如果...就...
由于表现不佳，他被公司降级了。
Due to poor performance, he was demoted by the company.
Formal reason with 由于
消费降级并不意味着生活质量下降。
Consumption downgrading doesn't necessarily mean a drop in quality of life.
Negation of meaning with 并不意味着
这家饭店从五星级降级到了四星级。
This restaurant was downgraded from five stars to four stars.
Specific range with 从...到...
很多用户选择将手机系统降级。
Many users choose to downgrade their phone systems.
Using 选择将... to show choice
为了应对危机，银行降级了信用评分。
To cope with the crisis, the bank downgraded the credit score.
Purpose clause with 为了
这支球队已经进入了降级区。
This team has already entered the relegation zone.
Resultative state with 已经...了
降级处理是解决软件错误的最后手段。
Downgrade processing is the last resort to solve software errors.
Noun phrase as subject
他因为违规操作被降级处分。
He was given a demotion as punishment for illegal operations.
Reason with 因为
在经济下行压力下，消费降级成为普遍现象。
Under downward economic pressure, consumption downgrading has become a common phenomenon.
Prepositional phrase with 在...下
该国的主权信用评级被国际机构降级。
The country's sovereign credit rating was downgraded by international agencies.
Complex passive sentence
如果公司继续亏损，所有部门都将面临降级。
If the company continues to lose money, all departments will face downgrades.
Future consequence with 将面临
他无法接受被降级的事实，选择了辞职。
He couldn't accept the fact of being demoted and chose to resign.
Noun clause with ...的事实
系统降级虽然能解决兼容性问题，但会降低安全性。
Although system downgrading can solve compatibility issues, it reduces security.
Concession with 虽然...但...
教练组正在努力帮助球队摆脱降级的命运。
The coaching staff is working hard to help the team escape the fate of relegation.
Abstract object 'fate' (命运)
这种降级打击对小公司来说是致命的。
This kind of 'downgrade strike' is fatal for small companies.
Metaphorical usage
通过消费降级，他一年省下了五万元。
Through consumption downgrading, he saved 50,000 yuan in a year.
Instrumental phrase with 通过
我们需要在系统设计中考虑“优雅降级”的策略。
We need to consider 'graceful degradation' strategies in system design.
Technical terminology
中产阶级的消费降级反映了社会心理的微妙变化。
The consumption downgrading of the middle class reflects subtle changes in social psychology.
Abstract sociological subject
由于缺乏核心竞争力，该品牌被迫向低端市场降级。
Due to a lack of core competitiveness, the brand was forced to downgrade to the low-end market.
Causal link with 由于...被迫
这次降级处分对他而言无疑是职业生涯的沉重打击。
This demotion was undoubtedly a heavy blow to his career.
Adverbial emphasis with 无疑是
在某些极端情况下，降级运行是保证核心功能唯一的办法。
In some extreme cases, running in a downgraded mode is the only way to guarantee core functions.
Conditional phrase with 在...情况下
他通过降级思考，将复杂的问题简单化了。
By thinking in a 'downgraded' (simplified) way, he simplified the complex problem.
Metaphorical cognitive use
信用评级的降级导致该企业的融资成本大幅上升。
The downgrade of the credit rating led to a sharp increase in the company's financing costs.
Resultative clause with 导致
在消费降级的浪潮中，主打性价比的品牌脱颖而出。
In the wave of consumption downgrading, brands focusing on cost-effectiveness stand out.
Metaphorical 'wave' (浪潮)
消费降级这一概念的兴起，折射出当代社会结构的结构性矛盾。
The rise of the concept of consumption downgrading reflects the structural contradictions of contemporary social structures.
High-level academic structure
倘若不进行产业升级，该地区将不可避免地面临经济降级的风险。
If industrial upgrading is not carried out, the region will inevitably face the risk of economic downgrading.
Formal conditional 倘若
作者在书中探讨了文明降级的可能性及其对人类未来的影响。
The author explores the possibility of civilizational downgrading and its impact on the future of humanity in the book.
Intellectual exploration
这种降级不仅是物质层面的，更是精神层面的自我放逐。
This downgrade is not only on a material level but also a spiritual self-exile.
Philosophical parallel structure
政府必须采取措施防止贫困地区的社会服务进一步降级。
The government must take measures to prevent social services in poor areas from further downgrading.
Policy-oriented language
在数字化生存的背景下，隐私权的降级似乎成了某种默认的代价。
In the context of digital existence, the downgrading of privacy rights seems to have become a kind of default price.
Societal critique
他以一种近乎降级的方式重新审视了自己的价值观。
He re-examined his values in an almost 'downgraded' (simplified/fundamental) way.
Nuanced adverbial phrase
该政策的实施标志着该城市管理模式从精细化向粗放化的降级。
The implementation of the policy marks a downgrade of the city's management model from refinement to extensive growth.
Formal marking of transition
よく使う組み合わせ
よく使うフレーズ
— To automatically move to a lower level when certain conditions aren't met.
如果积分不足，会员会自动降级。
— The possibility or danger of being demoted or relegated.
我们必须避开降级风险。
— Operating in a limited or basic mode when the full system fails.
电力不足时，机器会降级运行。
— Installing an older version of software over a newer one.
降级安装可能会导致数据丢失。
— A sports team moving to a lower league.
球队降级对球迷来说是巨大的打击。
— A formal reduction in administrative rank.
他遭到了严重的行政降级。
— Using a high-quality item for a lower-quality purpose.
旧电脑可以降级使用作为服务器。
— Handling a matter with less priority or in a simpler way.
这个问题可以降级处理。
— Compensation given when a service level is lowered.
酒店提供了降级补偿。
— Competing in a lower-tier market or category.
大品牌正在进行降级竞争。
慣用句と表現
— Using superior resources or technology to crush a lower-level competitor.
大型互联网公司对小创业公司的做法简直是降级打击。
Business Slang— A popular sci-fi term meaning to attack from a higher dimension; often used interchangeably with '降级打击' in business.
他们的技术领先太多，完全是降维打击。
Pop Culture— Things going from bad to worse; can describe a situation where constant '降级' is happening.
该公司的业绩江河日下。
Literary— To drop a great distance in status or reputation suddenly.
他的名声在一夜之间一落千丈。
Idiom— To go from bad to worse; steady decline.
这里的服务质量真是每况愈下。
Common— To be demoted and sent away to a remote place (historical).
苏东坡多次被贬职流放。
Historical— To fail an exam or fall behind in ranking.
他在这次选拔中名落孙山。
Idiom— To fall behind the group or fail to keep up the level.
在这个行业，不创新就会掉队。
Colloquial— To be ignored or relegated to an unimportant position.
那个项目已经被经理打入冷宫了。
Metaphorical— To retreat or lower one's stance to avoid conflict.
面对强大的对手，他选择了退避三舍。
Classical語族
名詞
動詞
形容詞
関連
語源
The word is a compound of '降' (jiàng) and '级' (jí). '降' originally depicted a person descending a mountain (阜). '级' originally referred to the steps of a staircase or the threads in silk, later evolving to mean ranks or grades.
元の意味： To descend levels or steps.
Sino-Tibetan (Mandarin Chinese).Summary
The word 降级 (jiàngjí) is essential for describing any downward movement in a structured system. Whether you are talking about 'downgrading' your phone's buggy OS or 'demoting' an underperforming employee, this word provides the precise technical and formal weight needed. Example: 软件出错了，我得降级。(The software has an error; I have to downgrade.)
- 降级 (jiàngjí) means to downgrade or demote within a formal hierarchy.
- Commonly used for software rollbacks, workplace demotions, and sports relegation.
- In economics, '消费降级' describes a shift toward more affordable lifestyle choices.
- It is a formal verb that requires a structured system of levels or grades.
関連コンテンツ
関連フレーズ
businessの関連語
本事
A2Skill; ability; capability.
相应地
B1それに応じて / 相応に。前の変化に合わせて、次の行動や状態が変わることを示します。
账号
A2銀行口座番号や、オンラインサービスにアクセスするために使用されるユーザーID。
客户经理
A2顧客との関係を管理し、ニーズに応えるアカウントマネージャー。
账户
B1A record of financial transactions for an individual or business, usually at a bank; or a user profile for a digital service.
会计
A2会計士は、財務記録を管理する専門家です。
收购
B1企業を買収する。
商业活动
A2Business activity.
广告费
A2広告費。製品やサービスを宣伝するために支払われる費用。
调整
B1来四半期のマーケティング戦略を調整する必要があります。
