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A2 noun 10分で読める

毫升

haosheng

練習する例文メモとヒント毫升 30秒で

解説毫升 in your Level:

At the A1 level, learners should recognize 毫升 (háo shēng) as a basic unit for liquids. You will mostly encounter it in the context of buying drinks or water. At this stage, you don't need to know the complex history of the characters; just focus on the pattern: [Number] + 毫升. For example, if you see '500ml' on a bottle, you should be able to say '五百毫升' (wǔ bǎi háo shēng). It is a 'measure word' for volume. You might practice saying how much water you drink a day using simple numbers. The goal at A1 is to correctly identify the word on packaging and use it in very basic survival sentences, like asking for a specific size of a beverage in a store. You should also be aware that China uses the metric system, so this word is much more common than 'ounce'.

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At the A2 level, you should be able to use 毫升 (háo shēng) in more varied daily scenarios. This includes following simple instructions, such as those found on a bottle of juice or a basic recipe. You should be able to ask questions about volume, like '这瓶水有多少毫升？' (How many milliliters is this bottle of water?). You will also start to see it in medical contexts, such as understanding a simple dosage for cough syrup. A2 learners should be careful not to confuse 毫升 with 升 (liter). You should also be comfortable using '两' (liǎng) instead of '二' (èr) when referring to 200 milliliters (两百毫升) or 2 milliliters (两毫升) in spoken Chinese. This level focuses on the practical application of the word in common social and commercial transactions.

At the B1 level, 毫升 (háo shēng) becomes a tool for more detailed descriptions and tasks. You should be able to follow complex recipes that require multiple liquid measurements. You can also describe personal habits or health routines in more detail, such as '我每天早晨喝三百毫升温水' (I drink 300ml of warm water every morning). B1 learners should understand the relationship between 毫升 and other metric units like 克 (grams) or 毫克 (milligrams) on nutrition labels. You might also encounter the word in news reports about water levels or environmental issues. At this stage, you should be able to explain the difference between volume and weight in simple Chinese and use 毫升 correctly in a workplace or academic setting, such as a lab or a kitchen.

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At the B2 level, your use of 毫升 (háo shēng) should be fluid and precise. You should be able to discuss technical specifications of products or scientific experiments. For example, you might describe the displacement of an engine or the precise chemical composition of a solution using 毫升. You should understand the nuance of using 毫升数 (the number of milliliters) as a noun in data analysis. B2 learners are expected to understand the word in professional medical consultations, where dosages and fluid intake are critical. You should also be aware of regional differences, such as how 'cc' might be used in some contexts instead of 毫升. Your ability to switch between units and explain conversions (e.g., from milliliters to liters) should be handled with ease in both spoken and written Chinese.

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At the C1 level, 毫升 (háo shēng) is used in highly specialized and formal contexts. You might encounter it in academic papers, legal documents regarding food safety standards, or complex medical journals. At this level, you should be able to discuss the etymology of the characters 毫 and 升 and how they reflect the historical development of Chinese measurement systems. You can use the word in abstract or metaphorical ways if applicable, or in highly precise technical arguments. C1 learners should be able to critique the accuracy of measurements in a professional report and use sophisticated sentence structures to describe volume changes, such as '该溶液的体积精确到了零点零一毫升' (The volume of the solution was accurate to 0.01 milliliters).

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At the C2 level, mastery of 毫升 (háo shēng) involves an effortless integration into all forms of discourse, including scientific, literary, and historical. You can discuss the transition from traditional Chinese units like the 'shēng' (which varied in size throughout history) to the modern metric 毫升. You are comfortable using the term in high-level scientific research, explaining complex fluid dynamics or chemical reactions where precision is paramount. You can also appreciate and use the word in creative writing to describe sensory details, such as the exact amount of dew on a leaf or the precise pour of a rare tea. Your understanding is indistinguishable from that of a highly educated native speaker, encompassing all technical, cultural, and linguistic facets of the word.

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練習する例文メモとヒント

毫升 30秒で

毫升 (háo shēng) means milliliter, a metric unit of volume.
It is used as a measure word for liquids in daily life.
1000 milliliters equal 1 liter (一升).
Essential for medicine, cooking, and shopping in Chinese-speaking regions.

The term 毫升 (háo shēng) is a fundamental unit of measurement in the Chinese language, specifically used to denote volume in the metric system. For an English speaker, this is the direct equivalent of the 'milliliter' (mL). Understanding this word is crucial because China, like most of the world outside the United States, uses the metric system for almost all commercial, scientific, and daily measurements. The character 毫 (háo) historically refers to something incredibly fine or small, such as the tip of a brush or a fine hair, and in a modern mathematical context, it serves as the prefix for 'milli-' (one-thousandth). The character 升 (shēng) is the standard unit for 'liter'. Therefore, 毫升 literally translates to 'one-thousandth of a liter'.

Daily Consumption: When you buy a bottle of water, a soft drink, or a carton of milk in a Chinese supermarket, the volume will invariably be listed in 毫升. For example, a standard small water bottle is usually 550 毫升, and a can of soda is typically 330 毫升.

请帮我买一瓶五百毫升的矿泉水。(Please help me buy a five-hundred milliliter bottle of mineral water.)

Medical and Scientific Context: In healthcare, dosage is almost always measured in 毫升. If a doctor prescribes liquid medicine, they will specify how many 毫升 to take per dose. Similarly, in a chemistry lab, precise liquid measurement is essential, and 毫升 is the primary unit of work.

Beyond simple liquids, 毫升 is also used in cooking, particularly for baking where precision is required. While traditional Chinese cooking often uses 'shao' (spoons) or 'wan' (bowls) as informal measures, modern recipes will specify water, oil, or soy sauce in 毫升. This transition reflects the modernization of Chinese culinary standards. Furthermore, in the beauty industry, skincare products like toners, serums, and perfumes are categorized by their 毫升 count. A standard perfume bottle might be 50 毫升 or 100 毫升. Understanding this word allows you to navigate commerce in China with the same precision as a local.

这瓶精华液只有三十毫升，但是非常贵。(This bottle of essence is only thirty milliliters, but it is very expensive.)

Comparison with Imperial Units: For those used to fluid ounces (fl oz), 1 fluid ounce is approximately 29.57 毫升. Remembering that 30 毫升 is roughly one ounce can help you visualize the volume when you see it written on Chinese packaging.

Using 毫升 (háo shēng) in a sentence is relatively straightforward because it functions as a noun that also acts as a measure word for liquids. In Chinese grammar, measure words are essential when specifying a quantity of a noun. The basic structure is: [Number] + 毫升 + [Liquid Noun]. For example, '200 milliliters of milk' becomes '两百毫升牛奶'. Note that when the context makes the liquid obvious, you can simply say the number and the unit, such as '我要两百毫升' (I want 200 ml).

每天喝两千毫升水对身体有好处。(Drinking two thousand milliliters of water every day is good for your health.)

Asking about Volume: To ask about the capacity or volume of a container, you use the question word '多少' (duō shǎo - how much/many). You would say: '这瓶饮料有多少毫升？' (How many milliliters is this drink?). This is a very common phrase when comparing products in a store.

Another important grammatical point is the use of '的' (de). While you can say '五百毫升水', it is also very common and slightly more formal to include '的', as in '五百毫升的水'. Both are grammatically correct, but the version without '的' is more frequent in quick speech or on labels. When describing the capacity of a container as an attribute, '的' is usually required: '一个五百毫升的瓶子' (a 500ml bottle).

请在锅里加入五百毫升的清水。(Please add five hundred milliliters of clear water to the pot.)

In Comparisons: When comparing volumes, you can use comparative structures. '这瓶比那瓶多五十毫升' (This bottle has 50ml more than that bottle). Here, 毫升 acts as the specific unit of difference.

In professional settings, such as giving a presentation or writing a report, you might encounter the word 毫升数 (háo shēng shù), which refers to the 'number of milliliters' or 'millilitrage'. This is used when discussing volume as a data point. For example, '我们需要记录每次实验用的毫升数' (We need to record the number of milliliters used in each experiment). Mastering these variations will make your Chinese sound more natural and precise.

这种药每次只能喝五毫升，千万不要喝多了。(You can only take five milliliters of this medicine at a time; be sure not to take too much.)

The word 毫升 (háo shēng) is ubiquitous in the Chinese-speaking world. If you walk into a convenience store like 7-Eleven or FamilyMart in Shanghai or Beijing, you will see it everywhere. It is printed on every beverage label, usually near the bottom of the bottle. Cashiers might not say it often, but if you ask for a specific size of a drink, you will use it. For instance, at a bubble tea shop, while they usually use 'da bei' (large cup) or 'zhong bei' (medium cup), the menu will often specify the volume in 毫升 to comply with consumer protection laws.

这杯大杯奶茶大约有七百毫升。(This large cup of milk tea is about seven hundred milliliters.)

In the Pharmacy (药店 - yàodiàn): When purchasing cough syrup or liquid supplements, the pharmacist will explain the dosage. They will likely say: '每天三次，每次十毫升' (Three times a day, ten milliliters each time). In this context, hearing and understanding 毫升 is vital for your health and safety.

In the kitchen or while watching Chinese cooking shows on platforms like Bilibili or Douyin, chefs will use 毫升 to be precise. While older generations might say 'yi dianr' (a little bit), modern instructional videos are very specific. You will hear phrases like '倒入两百毫升椰奶' (Pour in 200 milliliters of coconut milk). This precision is part of a broader trend toward standardized recipes in modern Chinese cuisine.

医生，我应该给孩子喝多少毫升的退烧药？(Doctor, how many milliliters of fever reducer should I give my child?)

At the Gas Station (加油站 - jiāyóuzhàn): While gas is usually measured in liters (升), if you are buying additives or small containers of oil, you will see 毫升. It's the unit of choice for any high-value or low-volume liquid product.

Finally, you will hear this word in advertisements. Skincare ads frequently highlight the size of the bottle to emphasize value. '买五十毫升送三十毫升' (Buy 50ml and get 30ml free) is a common promotional slogan. In the context of the airport, security announcements regarding the 100ml limit for carry-on liquids will use 毫升. '每瓶液体不得超过一百毫升' (Each bottle of liquid must not exceed 100 milliliters). Being attuned to this word helps you follow rules and take advantage of deals.

安检规定，随身携带的液体每瓶不能超过一百毫升。(Security regulations state that carry-on liquids cannot exceed one hundred milliliters per bottle.)

One of the most common mistakes for English speakers learning 毫升 (háo shēng) is confusing it with other units of measurement, particularly 升 (shēng - liter) and 微升 (wēi shēng - microliter). Because the characters look somewhat similar or share the same suffix, beginners might accidentally order a liter of something when they only wanted a few milliliters. Always remember that 'háo' means 'milli'—think of it as the 'small' one.

Confusing Weight and Volume: Another frequent error is using 克 (kè - gram) when you should use 毫升. While 1ml of water weighs exactly 1g, this isn't true for all liquids (like oil or honey). In Chinese, just like in English, you must use the correct unit for the property you are measuring. Use 毫升 for volume and 克 for weight.

Wrong: 我要喝五百克水。
Correct: 我要喝五百毫升水。

Pronunciation is another area where mistakes occur. The 'háo' in 毫升 is second tone (rising), and 'shēng' is first tone (high flat). If you mispronounce 'háo' as 'hǎo' (third tone), it might sound like you are saying 'good liter', which makes no sense. Practice the rising tone of 'háo' to ensure you are understood clearly, especially in noisy environments like a busy pharmacy or supermarket.

Finally, learners sometimes forget that 毫升 acts as its own measure word. You do not need to add another measure word like 'ge' (个) between the number and '毫升'. Say '五百毫升', not '五百个毫升'. However, if you are counting *bottles* of a certain milliliter size, you would say '三个五百毫升的瓶子' (three 500ml bottles). Distinguishing between the unit and the container is key to advanced fluency.

Wrong: 两个五十毫升。
Correct: 一百毫升 (if you mean the total volume).

Misusing '两' (liǎng): When you want to say '200 milliliters', you must use '两百' (liǎng bǎi), not '二百' (èr bǎi), although '二' is sometimes used in very technical readings. For '2 milliliters', always use '两毫升' (liǎng háo shēng) in speech.

Understanding 毫升 (háo shēng) also requires knowing its neighbors in the world of measurement. The most obvious relative is 升 (shēng - liter). Since 1000 milliliters equals 1 liter, you will often switch between these two. In informal speech, particularly when talking about large amounts of water or gasoline, 升 is the standard. You wouldn't say 'five thousand milliliters' for gas; you'd say 'five liters'.

Comparison: 毫升 vs. 立方厘米: In scientific contexts, you might see 立方厘米 (lì fāng lí mǐ - cubic centimeter or cm³). Numerically, 1 毫升 is exactly equal to 1 立方厘米. However, 毫升 is used for liquids and gases (fluid volume), while 立方厘米 is used for solid volume or displacement. In a car engine, you'll hear 'cc' (cubic centimeters), but in a soda bottle, you'll hear 毫升.

这个药瓶的容积是十毫升，也就是十立方厘米。(This medicine bottle's volume is ten milliliters, which is ten cubic centimeters.)

Comparison: 毫升 vs. 公制单位 (Metric Units): 毫升 is part of the 公制 (gōng zhì - metric system). Other units include 分升 (fēn shēng - deciliter, though rare) and 微升 (wēi shēng - microliter). In mainland China, '公升' (gōng shēng) is the formal name for liter, but '升' is used in daily life.

For weight, we have 毫克 (háo kè - milligram). Note the shared 'háo' prefix! Just as 毫升 is 1/1000 of a liter, 毫克 is 1/1000 of a gram. If you are looking at a nutrition label, you will see both: the serving size might be in 毫升, while the sodium content is in 毫克. Learning these as a family makes memorization much easier.

In summary, while there are technical alternatives like cubic centimeters, 毫升 is the undisputed king of liquid measurement in daily Chinese life. Whether you are buying milk, taking medicine, or following a recipe, it is the word you will rely on most. Comparing it to its 'liter' and 'milligram' cousins helps solidify its place in your vocabulary web.

我们需要一百毫升酒精和十毫克粉末。(We need one hundred milliliters of alcohol and ten milligrams of powder.)

How Formal Is It?

豆知識

Before the metric system, a 'shēng' was about 100ml in the Han Dynasty, but grew to about 1000ml by the Qing Dynasty!

発音ガイド

UK /ˈmɪlɪˌliːtə/

US /ˈmɪləˌlitər/

In Chinese 'háo shēng', both characters are stressed relatively equally as is typical in Mandarin.

韻が合う語

háo: 毛 (máo), 桥 (qiáo), 条 (tiáo) shēng: 灯 (dēng), 层 (céng), 朋 (péng) Also: 诚 (chéng), 正 (zhèng), 风 (fēng) Also: 刀 (dāo), 高 (gāo), 包 (bāo) - partial Also: 升 (shēng) rhymes with 胜 (shèng) - tone change Also: 毫 (háo) rhymes with 豪 (háo) Also: 升 (shēng) rhymes with 声 (shēng) Also: 毫 (háo) rhymes with 耗 (hào) - tone change

よくある間違い

Pronouncing 'háo' in the third tone (hǎo).
Pronouncing 'shēng' in the second tone (shéng).
Forgetting the nasal 'ng' at the end of 'shēng'.
Merging the two words into a single syllable.
Misplacing the tone on 'háo' during fast speech.

難易度

読解 2/5

Characters are slightly complex but very common on labels.

ライティング 3/5

The character '毫' has many strokes and requires practice.

スピーキング 1/5

Simple tones and clear pronunciation.

リスニング 1/5

Very distinct sound in context.

次に学ぶべきこと

前提知識

一十百千水喝

次に学ぶ

升克公斤厘米摄氏度

上級

容积排量滴定稀释浓度

知っておくべき文法

Measure Word Placement

Number + 毫升 + Noun (e.g., 三百毫升水)

Use of '两' (liǎng)

两百毫升 (200ml) is preferred over 二百毫升.

Omission of Noun

我要五百毫升。 (I want 500ml.) - Contextual.

Use of '的' (de)

五百毫升的水 (500ml of water) - Adds emphasis/formality.

Questioning Quantity

多少 + 毫升 (How many ml?)

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レベル別の例文

我要一瓶五百毫升的水。

I want a 500ml bottle of water.

Structure: [Number] + 毫升 + [Noun]

这瓶可乐是三百三十毫升。

This cola is 330 milliliters.

Direct description of volume.

牛奶有两百毫升。

There are 200 milliliters of milk.

Use '两' for 200.

请给我五十毫升。

Please give me 50 milliliters.

Using the unit as a standalone object of the verb.

一升是一千毫升。

One liter is one thousand milliliters.

Defining the relationship between units.

杯子里有一百毫升咖啡。

There is 100ml of coffee in the cup.

Locative structure with volume.

这瓶香水只有三十毫升。

This perfume is only 30 milliliters.

Using '只有' to emphasize a small amount.

我们要买五百毫升的果汁。

We want to buy 500ml of juice.

Adding '的' between unit and noun.

这瓶饮料有多少毫升？

How many milliliters is this drink?

Question using '多少'.

每天喝两千毫升水对身体好。

Drinking 2000ml of water daily is good for you.

Volume as a subject of a sentence.

请加一百毫升的热水。

Please add 100ml of hot water.

Imperative sentence in a kitchen context.

这瓶药每次喝十毫升。

Take 10ml of this medicine each time.

Instructional usage.

大瓶的是一千五百毫升。

The large bottle is 1500 milliliters.

Describing the size of a specific container.

我需要一个五十毫升的空瓶子。

I need a 50ml empty bottle.

Using volume as an adjective for a container.

这种洗发水有两百五十毫升。

This shampoo is 250 milliliters.

Standard commercial description.

这杯茶大约有两百毫升。

This cup of tea is about 200 milliliters.

Using '大约' (about) for estimation.

食谱要求加入两百五十毫升的全脂牛奶。

The recipe calls for 250ml of whole milk.

Usage in a technical instruction (recipe).

医生建议我每天至少补充三千毫升的液体。

The doctor suggested I supplement at least 3000ml of fluid daily.

Formal medical advice.

这款精华液的容量是五十毫升，足够用两个月。

The capacity of this essence is 50ml, enough for two months.

Relating volume to duration of use.

请检查一下试管里是否正好有五毫升溶液。

Please check if there is exactly 5ml of solution in the test tube.

Scientific precision.

这种小型灭火器只有五百毫升，很轻便。

This small fire extinguisher is only 500ml, very portable.

Describing technical equipment.

安检规定每瓶液体不能超过一百毫升。

Security rules say each bottle of liquid can't exceed 100ml.

Formal regulation.

我们需要记录下每次实验排出的毫升数。

We need to record the number of milliliters discharged each experiment.

Using '毫升数' as a noun.

这台咖啡机可以精确控制每一杯的毫升量。

This coffee machine can precisely control the milliliter amount of each cup.

Describing machine functionality.

这种新型材料每平方厘米可以吸收十毫升的水。

This new material can absorb 10ml of water per square centimeter.

Technical ratio description.

由于瓶盖没拧紧，大约流失了三十毫升的试剂。

Because the cap wasn't tight, about 30ml of reagent was lost.

Describing an accidental change in volume.

该发动机的排量为两千四百毫升，动力非常强劲。

The engine displacement is 2400ml, providing strong power.

Automotive technical term.

在滴定实验中，每一毫升的误差都会影响最终结果。

In titration experiments, every milliliter of error affects the final result.

Emphasizing precision and error margin.

这款酒的酒精含量是每百毫升十二克。

The alcohol content of this wine is 12g per 100ml.

Describing concentration.

我们需要将这五百毫升溶液稀释到一升。

We need to dilute this 500ml solution to one liter.

Describing a chemical process.

护士正在为患者注射二十毫升的生理盐水。

The nurse is injecting 20ml of saline into the patient.

Medical procedure description.

这个水箱的刻度精确到了一毫升。

The scale on this water tank is accurate to one milliliter.

Describing measurement accuracy.

实验报告指出，样本在加热后体积膨胀了约五毫升。

The lab report noted that the sample expanded by about 5ml after heating.

Formal scientific reporting.

尽管误差仅为几毫升，但在高精密化工中仍是不被允许的。

Although the error was only a few milliliters, it is still disallowed in high-precision chemical engineering.

Concessive clause with technical detail.

该地区的降雨量折算成体积，相当于每秒数百万毫升。

The rainfall in this area, converted to volume, is equivalent to millions of milliliters per second.

Abstract mathematical conversion.

通过微流控技术，我们可以精确操控纳升甚至皮升级别的液体，而不仅是毫升。

Through microfluidics, we can precisely control nanoliter or even picoliter liquids, not just milliliters.

Comparative technical units.

该药剂的致死量极低，仅需数毫升即可致命。

The lethal dose of this agent is extremely low; only a few milliliters can be fatal.

Formal safety warning.

在血液动力学研究中，心输出量通常以毫升为单位进行计算。

In hemodynamics research, cardiac output is usually calculated in milliliters.

Specialized medical research context.

这种昂贵的精油通常以五毫升的小瓶包装出售。

This expensive essential oil is usually sold in small five-milliliter bottles.

Describing luxury product packaging.

为了确保实验的严谨性，所有移液管都必须校准至零点一毫升。

To ensure the rigor of the experiment, all pipettes must be calibrated to 0.1ml.

Expressing necessity and precision.

在探讨清代度量衡演变时，我们发现当时的‘升’与现代的‘毫升’换算关系十分复杂。

When discussing the evolution of weights and measures in the Qing Dynasty, we find the conversion between the 'shēng' then and modern 'milliliters' is very complex.

Historical and linguistic analysis.

微量元素的毫升级变动，往往预示着生态系统中某种微妙平衡的打破。

Milliliter-level changes in trace elements often signal the disruption of a delicate balance in an ecosystem.

Metaphorical and ecological depth.

该文论述了流体力学中，毫升量级液体在微重力环境下的表面张力表现。

The paper discusses the surface tension behavior of milliliter-scale liquids in a microgravity environment in fluid mechanics.

Academic abstract style.

这种罕见药剂的提炼过程极其漫长，数吨原矿仅能产出几十毫升精华。

The extraction process for this rare agent is extremely long; tons of raw ore yield only dozens of milliliters of essence.

Describing extreme scarcity and ratio.

在司法鉴定中，哪怕是零点几毫升的血迹样本，也足以提供关键的DNA信息。

In forensic identification, even a few tenths of a milliliter of blood sample is enough to provide key DNA information.

Legal and scientific precision.

诗人将那一毫升的泪水，比作承载了整个季节忧伤的海洋。

The poet compared that single milliliter of tear to an ocean carrying the sorrow of an entire season.

Literary and poetic usage.

该项研究挑战了传统的液体计量理论，认为在极端压强下，毫升的定义需重新审视。

The study challenged traditional liquid measurement theory, suggesting the definition of a milliliter needs re-examination under extreme pressure.

Theoretical scientific debate.

从古代的斗升之水到如今的毫升精算，体现了人类文明对客观世界认知精度的不断提升。

From the ancient 'dou' and 'sheng' of water to today's 'milliliter' precision, it reflects the continuous improvement of human civilization's cognitive accuracy of the objective world.

Philosophical and historical reflection.

よく使う組み合わせ

五百毫升

多少毫升

每一毫升

十毫升

毫升数

几毫升

一百毫升

毫升单位

两千毫升

毫升刻度

よく使うフレーズ

一千毫升

— One thousand milliliters (one liter).

这瓶牛奶是一千毫升装的。

五十毫升装

— 50ml packaging size.

我买了一个五十毫升装的旅行乳液。

每毫升价格

— Price per milliliter.

我们要计算一下每毫升的价格。

毫升换算

— Milliliter conversion.

你能帮我做一下毫升换算吗？

多出十毫升

— Ten milliliters extra.

这瓶比那瓶多出十毫升。

不足一毫升

— Less than one milliliter.

误差不足一毫升。

毫升计

— Measured in milliliters.

这种药是以毫升计量的。

满五百毫升

— Reaching 500 milliliters.

当水满五百毫升时请关掉开关。

毫升刻度线

— Milliliter scale line.

水面还没到毫升刻度线。

标称毫升

— Nominal milliliters (labeled volume).

实际体积与标称毫升一致。

よく混同される語

毫升 vs 升 (shēng)

1000 times larger than a milliliter.

毫升 vs 毫克 (háokè)

Measures weight (milligrams), not volume.

毫升 vs 毫米 (háomǐ)

Measures length (millimeters), not volume.

慣用句と表現

"分秒必争"

— While not using 'milliliter', it expresses the same precision for time as 'milliliter' does for volume.

我们必须分秒必争。

formal

"丝毫不差"

— Not a tiny bit of error (uses 'háo' from 'háoshēng').

他的计算结果丝毫不差。

common

"明察秋毫"

— To see clearly even the tiniest down hair (uses 'háo').

王老师总是明察秋毫。

literary

"差之毫厘"

— A tiny error leading to a big mistake (uses 'háo').

差之毫厘，谬以千里。

literary

"利不容毫"

— Not allowing even a tiny bit of profit loss.

他在生意场上利不容毫。

formal

"毫发无损"

— Not a single hair damaged; completely unharmed.

他在车祸中毫发无损。

common

"毫不犹豫"

— Without a tiny bit of hesitation.

他毫不犹豫地答应了。

common

"毫无疑问"

— Without a tiny bit of doubt.

这毫无疑问是正确的。

common

"毫不在意"

— Not caring even a tiny bit.

他对他人的批评毫不在意。

common

"气吞山河"

— The opposite of 'milliliter' precision; grand and vast.

他的演讲气吞山河。

literary

間違えやすい

毫升 vs 毫克

Both start with 'háo'.

毫克 is weight (mg), 毫升 is volume (ml).

这个药片是五毫克，这种药水是五毫升。

毫升 vs 毫米

Both start with 'háo'.

毫米 is length (mm), 毫升 is volume (ml).

这支笔长一百毫米，这瓶水有一百毫升。

毫升 vs 微升

Both are small units of volume.

微升 is 1/1000 of a milliliter.

实验需要十微升，不是十毫升。

毫升 vs 公升

Both end in 'shēng'.

公升 is the formal word for a full Liter.

一公升等于一千毫升。

毫升 vs 立方厘米

Numerically identical volume.

Lìfānglímǐ is used for solid space, Háoshēng for fluids.

这个盒子的体积是五十立方厘米。

文型パターン

我要[Number]毫升[Liquid].

我要五百毫升水。

这瓶[Liquid]有[Number]毫升。

这瓶可乐有三百三十毫升。

请在[Container]里加入[Number]毫升的[Liquid]。

请在锅里加入五百毫升的水。

[Machine/Object]的容量是[Number]毫升。

这个咖啡机的容量是八百毫升。

由于[Reason]，我们损失了[Number]毫升的[Liquid]。

由于蒸发，我们损失了十毫升的试剂。

[Subject]将[Number]毫升视为[Metaphor]。

诗人将那一毫升的泪水视为海洋。

这个比那个多[Number]毫升。

这个比那个多五十毫升。

安检规定，[Noun]不能超过[Number]毫升。

安检规定，香水不能超过一百毫升。

語族

名詞

升 (liter)

毫升数 (millilitrage)

容量 (capacity)

体积 (volume)

動詞

测量 (to measure)

计量 (to calculate amount)

倒入 (to pour in)

形容詞

微量的 (trace amount)

精确的 (precise)

使い方

frequency

Extremely common in daily life, shopping, and medicine.

よくある間違い

Using '二' instead of '两' for 2ml. → 两毫升
In Chinese, 'liǎng' is used before measure words for the number 2.
Confusing 毫升 (ml) with 毫克 (mg). → 毫升 (for volume)
Don't measure your water in milligrams!
Adding '个' before '毫升'. → 五百毫升
毫升 is a measure word itself; it doesn't need another one.
Writing '毛' instead of '毫'. → 毫
The character 'háo' has an extra top part compared to 'máo'.
Mispronouncing 'shēng' as 'shéng'. → shēng (1st tone)
The first tone should be high and flat.

ヒント

The Hair Scoop

Remember 'Hao' is hair (fine) and 'Sheng' is a scoop (liter). A hair-fine scoop is a milliliter.

Check the Label

Next time you buy a drink, look for the characters 毫升. It's the best way to see the word in the wild.

No 'Ge'

Never say '两个毫升'. Just say '两毫升'. The unit itself is the measure word.

Tone Accuracy

Focus on the rising tone of 'háo'. If it's flat or falling, people might not understand you immediately.

Metric Mastery

Embrace the metric system! Forget ounces and cups when you are in a Chinese-speaking environment.

Dosage Safety

Always double-check the '毫升' on medicine labels. A mistake between 10ml and 100ml is dangerous.

Stroke Order

Practice the stroke order of '毫'. It's the hardest part of the word to write correctly.

Weight vs Volume

Remember 1ml of water = 1g, but 1ml of oil is less than 1g. Use '毫升' for the space it takes up.

Unit Price

Compare products by looking at the price per 100 毫升 to find the best deal.

Airport Rules

Memorize '一百毫升' (100ml) for airport security—it's the most important number for travelers.

暗記しよう

記憶術

Think of 'Háo' as a 'Hair' (milli/small) and 'Shēng' as a 'Scoop' (liter). A tiny hair-sized scoop is a milliliter.

視覚的連想

Imagine a tiny drop of water on the tip of a fine calligraphy brush (the 'háo'). That drop is about 1 milliliter.

Word Web

Water Medicine Milk Bottle Science Cooking Metric Small

チャレンジ

Go to your kitchen and find three items with 'ml' on them. Say their volumes out loud in Chinese using '毫升'.

語源

The term is a modern compound created to translate Western metric units into Chinese. '毫' (háo) is an ancient unit for 1/1000th, and '升' (shēng) is an ancient unit for volume.

元の意味： '毫' originally meant fine animal hair. '升' originally meant a wooden scoop or container for measuring grain.

Sino-Tibetan (Mandarin Chinese).

文化的な背景

No specific sensitivities, but ensure you don't confuse it with 'cc' in very formal mainland documents.

English speakers often use 'fl oz' or 'cups', which have no direct, simple equivalent in Chinese daily life; '毫升' is the only way.

Used in the movie 'Dying to Survive' regarding medicine dosage. Common in 'A Bite of China' for precise seasoning. Standard unit in Chinese high school chemistry textbooks.

実生活で練習する

実際の使用場面

Supermarket

这个多少毫升？
有大一点的吗？
五百毫升的卖完了。
这是三百毫升装。

Hospital

每次喝几毫升？
一共要喝多少毫升？
这是十毫升的注射器。
需要补充五百毫升盐水。

Kitchen

加两百毫升水。
量杯在哪里？
我们需要五十毫升油。
这个瓶子是五百毫升的。

Airport

液体不能超过一百毫升。
这个瓶子太大。
这是五十毫升的香水。
请把液体拿出来。

Laboratory

精确到一毫升。
加入十毫升试剂。
读取毫升刻度。
误差是两毫升。

会話のきっかけ

"你每天喝多少毫升水？ (How many ml of water do you drink daily?)"

"这瓶果汁是五百毫升的还是三百毫升的？ (Is this juice 500ml or 300ml?)"

"你需要多少毫升的牛奶来做这个蛋糕？ (How many ml of milk do you need for this cake?)"

"你知道一升等于多少毫升吗？ (Do you know how many ml are in a liter?)"

"这瓶香水五十毫升要多少钱？ (How much is this 50ml perfume?)"

日記のテーマ

记录你今天喝的所有液体的毫升数。 (Record the ml of all liquids you drank today.)

描述一次你在商店里比较不同毫升商品价格的经历。 (Describe a time you compared prices of different ml products.)

如果你要发明一种新的饮料，你会用多大的毫升瓶子装？为什么？ (If you invented a drink, what ml bottle would you use? Why?)

写一段关于你在实验室里精确测量毫升的过程。 (Write about precisely measuring ml in a lab.)

讨论为什么世界上大多数国家都使用毫升而不是盎司。 (Discuss why most countries use ml instead of oz.)

よくある質問

10 問

Yes, 1cc (cubic centimeter) is equal to 1 milliliter. In Taiwan and some medical contexts, 'cc' is very common, but '毫升' is the standard term in mainland China.

Usually, people just use the international 'mL' or 'ml' as a shorthand. There is no common one-character shorthand in Chinese.

For 2ml, use '两毫升'. For 200ml, use '两百毫升'. In spoken Chinese, '两' is almost always preferred for the number 2 before a measure word.

It is primarily for liquids and gases. For solids, '立方厘米' or weight units like '克' are used.

The limit is 100 '毫升' (一百毫升) per bottle for carry-on liquids.

In Traditional Chinese (used in Taiwan/HK), it is still written as '毫升', though the character '毫' and '升' are the same in both systems (though '升' can occasionally be written as '昇' in names, the unit is '升').

It is very rare today. You might only see it in old textbooks or very specific legal definitions. Everyone uses '毫升' now.

Usually, ice cream is measured in '克' (grams) because it is a solid, but liquid ice cream mix would be in '毫升'.

It means 1/1000th. It also means fine hair, representing something very small.

You can say: '我要一瓶五百毫升的水' (Wǒ yào yī píng wǔ bǎi háo shēng de shuǐ).

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