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B2 noun 10分で読める

步伐

bùfá
例文 步伐 30秒で
解説 步伐 in your Level:
At the A1 level, you only need to know that 步伐 (bùfá) means 'steps' or 'how someone walks.' You can think of it as a more formal way to say 'walking.' Imagine you are watching a parade or a person walking very fast. You can use this word to describe that. Even though it is a bit difficult for beginners, you might hear it in very simple sentences like 'He walks fast' or 'His steps are heavy.' In A1, we focus on the physical movement. For example, if you see a soldier marching, you are seeing their 步伐. It is made of two characters: 步 (step) and 伐 (which here means the rhythm of the step). Just remember: 步伐 = the way someone walks. You don't need to use it in complex ways yet, just recognize it when you hear about walking or marching. It is a good word to know if you like watching sports or military parades on TV.
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At the A2 level, you can start using 步伐 to describe simple actions in your daily life. You might say 'I like to walk with a light pace' (我喜欢轻快的步伐). You are moving beyond just 'walking' to describing *how* you walk. You can use adjectives like 'fast' (快), 'slow' (慢), 'heavy' (沉重), or 'light' (轻快) with 步伐. This helps you give more detail in your speaking. You might also hear it in the context of a 'fast pace of life' in big cities, which is a common topic in A2 Chinese textbooks. If you are describing your hometown, you could say 'The pace of life here is slow' (这里的步伐很慢). This is a very useful sentence! It shows you understand that 步伐 can mean more than just moving your legs; it can mean the speed of everything happening around you. Try to use it when you talk about your hobbies, like hiking or dancing, where the rhythm of your steps is important.
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At the B1 level, you should be comfortable using 步伐 in both literal and figurative ways. You will often see this word in news articles or longer stories. You should learn common verb pairings like '加快步伐' (speed up the pace) and '放慢步伐' (slow down the pace). For example, if you are talking about your studies, you might say, 'I need to speed up my pace of learning to pass the HSK exam.' This is a metaphorical use. You are not physically running, but your progress is moving faster. You will also start to see 步伐 used in social contexts, such as 'the pace of development' (发展的步伐). At this level, you should be able to understand that 步伐 implies a steady, rhythmic progress. It’s not just a random movement; it’s a movement with a goal. When you write essays, using 步伐 instead of just 'speed' (速度) will make your Chinese sound more natural and professional. You should also recognize it in songs and poems where it might represent the 'footsteps' of a season or a memory.
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As a B2 learner, you are expected to use 步伐 with precision in formal and professional contexts. This word is a key part of B2 vocabulary because it appears frequently in editorials, business reports, and literature. You should understand the nuance between 步伐 and its synonyms like 步调 or 步履. For instance, you should know that '紧跟时代的步伐' (keeping up with the pace of the times) is a standard idiomatic expression. You should be able to discuss complex topics like urbanization, technological change, and social reform using this word. For example: '为了不被时代淘汰，企业必须加快创新的步伐' (In order not to be eliminated by the times, companies must accelerate the pace of innovation). At this level, you should also be sensitive to the tone of the word. 步伐 often carries a sense of 'inevitability' or 'grandeur.' When a government spokesperson talks about the '步伐' of the country, they are conveying a sense of organized, powerful progress. You should also be able to use it in more abstract ways, such as describing the '步伐' of a story's plot or the '步伐' of a piece of music.
At the C1 level, you should have a deep, intuitive grasp of 步伐 and its place in the broader landscape of Chinese rhetoric. You should be able to use it to create vivid imagery in your writing. For example, you might describe a character's internal state by the 'hesitant and heavy pace' (犹豫而沉重的步伐) they take toward a difficult decision. You should also be familiar with its use in classical-style modern prose, where it might be paired with sophisticated verbs like '迈向' (stride toward), '阻碍' (hinder), or '跨越' (leap over). In academic or political discourse, you will use 步伐 to analyze historical trends—for instance, discussing how the 'pace of globalization' has impacted local cultures. You should also be able to recognize and use related idioms and four-character expressions that involve the concept of 'steps' and 'pace,' even if they don't use the exact word 步伐, and understand how 步伐 fits into that semantic field. Your usage should reflect an understanding that 步伐 is not just about speed, but about the *cadence* and *momentum* of a process.
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At the C2 level, your mastery of 步伐 should be indistinguishable from that of a highly educated native speaker. You can use the word in philosophical or highly abstract contexts. For example, you might discuss the 'ontological pace' of human existence or the 'metrical pace' of high-level poetry. You understand the subtle historical weight of the character 伐 and how it contributes to the word's formal, almost martial feel. In high-level debate, you might use 步伐 to critique a policy: '该政策的步伐过于激进，忽视了社会稳定的必要性' (The pace of this policy is too radical, ignoring the necessity of social stability). You are also capable of using 步伐 in creative writing to personify abstract concepts with great elegance—describing how 'death approaches with a silent pace' or 'history marches on with an iron pace.' At this level, you don't just know what the word means; you know how to wield it to influence the rhythm and emotional impact of your entire discourse. You can switch between its literal, metaphorical, and purely aesthetic uses with ease, ensuring it perfectly fits the register and intent of your communication.
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例文

步伐 30秒で

  • 步伐 (bùfá) means pace or step, referring to the rhythm of walking.
  • It is often used metaphorically for the pace of life or social progress.
  • Commonly pairs with verbs like 'accelerate' (加快) or 'slow down' (放慢).
  • It is a formal word, frequently appearing in news, business, and literature.
The Chinese word 步伐 (bùfá) is a sophisticated noun that primarily translates to 'pace,' 'step,' or 'march' in English. While it can describe the literal physical movement of a person’s feet, its most powerful and frequent applications are metaphorical. It refers to the rhythm, speed, and manner in which an individual, a group, or even an entire society moves forward toward a goal. In its literal sense, you will encounter it in contexts like military training or dance, where the precision of one's steps is paramount. For instance, a drill sergeant might command soldiers to maintain a steady 步伐 to ensure the unit moves as one cohesive entity.
Literal Meaning
The physical coordination of steps, often implying a specific rhythm or cadence as seen in marching or walking.
Metaphorical Meaning
The rate of progress or the 'march of time,' used to describe how quickly or slowly developments occur in technology, economics, or personal life.
When people use 步伐 in daily conversation, they are often discussing the 'pace of life' (生活步伐) or the 'pace of development' (发展步伐). It carries a connotation of order and direction. Unlike the word 'speed' (速度), which is purely quantitative, 步伐 suggests a series of steps being taken in a sequence.

我们要紧跟时代的步伐，不断学习新技术。 (We must keep up with the pace of the times and constantly learn new technologies.)

This word is ubiquitous in Chinese media, especially when discussing national progress. You will hear about the 'pace of reform' (改革步伐) or the 'pace of urbanization' (城镇化步伐). In these contexts, it implies a steady, unstoppable movement forward. In a more personal setting, one might talk about 'adjusting one's pace' (调整步伐) after a period of burnout. This doesn't just mean walking slower; it means reorganizing the rhythm of one's life to be more sustainable. The word is intrinsically linked to the concept of 'harmony' or 'alignment.' If two people are walking together and their 步伐 is 'consistent' (步调一致), they are in sync. This is why 步伐 is also a key term in diplomacy and teamwork, symbolizing that all parties are moving in the same direction at the same speed.

他在草地上迈着轻快的步伐。 (He walked across the grass with a light step.)

Common Collocations
加快步伐 (to quicken the pace), 放慢步伐 (to slow down the pace), 沉重的步伐 (heavy steps/pace).
Understanding 步伐 requires recognizing that it is a formal yet versatile word. While a child might say 'step' (步子) when talking about walking, an adult writing a report or a news anchor describing a marathon would use 步伐 to convey a sense of purposeful movement. It is the difference between a random walk and a deliberate march toward a destination.
Using 步伐 correctly involves understanding its role as a noun that often interacts with verbs of speed and adjustment. The most common structure is [Adjective] + 步伐 or [Verb] + 步伐. For instance, if you want to describe someone walking with confidence, you might use '坚定的步伐' (firm steps). If you are talking about the rapid development of a city, '飞速发展的步伐' (the pace of rapid development) is a standard phrase.
Verbal Pairings
加快 (jiākuài - speed up), 放慢 (fàngmàn - slow down), 追随 (zhuīsuí - follow/pursue), 阻碍 (zǔ'ài - hinder).
One of the most important grammatical patterns involves the verb '紧跟' (jǐngēn), meaning 'to follow closely.' In modern Chinese, the phrase '紧跟时代的步伐' (keeping up with the pace of the times) is a fixed expression used in education, politics, and business. It suggests that if you don't keep up, you will be left behind by the march of progress.

教育改革必须紧跟科技发展的步伐。 (Educational reform must keep up with the pace of technological development.)

Another common usage is describing the 'weight' of a step. '沉重的步伐' (heavy steps) is often used in literature to convey sadness, exhaustion, or a heavy heart. Conversely, '轻快的步伐' (light/brisk steps) conveys joy and energy. These adjectives don't just describe speed; they describe the emotional state of the person moving. In more formal writing, 步伐 can be used to describe the progress of abstract concepts. For example, '迈向成功的步伐' (steps toward success). Here, '迈向' (màixiàng - to stride toward) is a high-level verb that pairs perfectly with 步伐.

虽然困难重重，但他迈向目标的步伐从未停止。 (Despite many difficulties, his steps toward his goal have never stopped.)

Structural Pattern
Subject + [Modifier] + 步伐 + [Verb Phrase] OR [Verb] + [Modifier] + 步伐. Example: 他以坚定的步伐走进了办公室。
It's also worth noting the phrase '步调一致' (bùdiào yīzhì), which literally means 'consistent steps' but is used idiomatically to mean 'to be in step with each other' or 'to act in unison.' While '步调' is a slightly different word, it is in the same semantic family as 步伐 and reinforces the idea of synchronized movement. Finally, in poetic or literary contexts, 步伐 can be used to describe the changing of seasons or the passage of time. '春天的步伐' (the footsteps of spring) is a common personification used to describe the arrival of the season. This shows the word's versatility—from the rigid military parade to the soft arrival of a flower blooming.
You will encounter 步伐 in a variety of real-world scenarios, ranging from the highly formal to the everyday. One of the most iconic places to hear this word is during the Chinese National Day military parade in Beijing. Commentators will frequently use the term '整齐的步伐' (orderly steps) to describe the synchronized marching of the People's Liberation Army. In this context, the word represents national strength, discipline, and unity.
News & Media
Often used in economic reports: '中国经济发展的步伐稳健' (The pace of China's economic development is steady).
Sports Commentary
Used in running or basketball to describe a player's footwork: '他的步伐非常灵活' (His footwork is very flexible).
In the business world, 步伐 is a staple of corporate presentations and motivational speeches. Leaders might talk about '加快创新的步伐' (speeding up the pace of innovation) to encourage employees to work more efficiently. If a company is falling behind its competitors, they might say they are '落后于市场的步伐' (falling behind the pace of the market).

随着全球化的深入，我们必须调整发展的步伐。 (With the deepening of globalization, we must adjust our pace of development.)

In daily life, you might hear this word in discussions about 'slow living' (慢生活). People living in fast-paced cities like Shanghai or Shenzhen often complain that '城市的步伐太快了' (The city's pace is too fast). This isn't about people literally walking fast on the sidewalk; it's about the psychological pressure of a high-speed society. Literature and music also make frequent use of the word. Songs often use '步伐' to symbolize a journey or a life path. For example, a song about graduation might mention '迈向未来的步伐' (steps toward the future). In novels, a character's 步伐 is often a window into their soul—a '犹豫的步伐' (hesitant step) reveals their internal conflict.

听着窗外雨声的步伐，他陷入了沉思。 (Listening to the 'steps' of the rain outside the window, he fell into deep thought.)

Academic Context
In history or sociology papers, it describes historical trends: '人类文明前进的步伐' (The forward pace of human civilization).
Finally, in the context of personal fitness, apps and coaches use it to refer to 'cadence'—the number of steps per minute. Whether you are reading a high-level political editorial or checking your running stats, 步伐 is the go-to word for describing the rhythm of movement.
One of the most frequent mistakes learners make is confusing 步伐 (bùfá) with other words for 'speed' or 'step,' such as 速度 (sùdù), 步子 (bùzi), or 节奏 (jiézòu). While they are related, they are not interchangeable.
步伐 vs. 速度
速度 refers to a measurable rate (e.g., 60 km/h). 步伐 refers to the rhythm and manner of moving. You can have a 'steady pace' (稳健的步伐) but you have a 'high speed' (很高的速度).
步伐 vs. 步子
步子 is much more casual and literal. You might say '迈开大步子' (take big steps). 步伐 is more formal and often used for the abstract 'pace' of a process.
Another mistake is using 步伐 with the wrong verbs. For example, learners might say '走步伐' (walk pace), which is incorrect. You should use '迈着...的步伐' (striding with a ... pace) or '加快/放慢步伐' (accelerate/slow down the pace).

Incorrect: 他的步伐太快了，我跑不动。 (While understandable, it's better to use 速度 here if you are talking about pure speed). Correct: 他的步伐很大，我跟不上。 (His steps are large, I can't keep up.)

Learners also often forget that 步伐 is a noun, not a verb. You cannot '步伐' toward a goal; you must '迈着步伐' or '加快步伐' toward it. Furthermore, be careful with the word '节奏' (jiézòu - rhythm). While 步伐 implies rhythm, 节奏 is much broader and can apply to music, heartbeat, or work schedules. 步伐 is strictly tied to movement or progress.

Incorrect: 音乐的步伐。 Correct: 音乐的节奏。 (Music has rhythm, not 'steps' in the literal sense unless personified in a poem.)

Collocation Error
Don't say '提高步伐' (raise pace). Instead, use '加快步伐' (quicken pace) or '提高速度' (increase speed).
Finally, in metaphorical uses, ensure the 'pace' matches the context. If you are talking about a personal relationship, 步伐 might be too formal; '进展' (progress) or '节奏' might be more natural. Use 步伐 for large-scale social trends or physical movement.
To master 步伐, you must understand its synonyms and how they differ in register and nuance. The most common alternatives are 步履 (bùlǚ), 节奏 (jiézòu), 步调 (bùdiào), and 进度 (jìndù).
步履 (bùlǚ)
This is a very formal, literary term for 'walking' or 'steps.' You often see it in phrases like '步履维艰' (walking with great difficulty), used to describe an old person or a company struggling to survive. It focuses on the physical act of walking more than the pace.
步调 (bùdiào)
This word emphasizes 'alignment' or 'step-matching.' It is almost always used in the context of '步调一致' (acting in unison). While 步伐 is about the pace itself, 步调 is about how that pace compares to others.

虽然我们的方法不同，但我们的步调是一致的。 (Although our methods are different, our pace/coordination is in sync.)

节奏 (jiézòu)
Meaning 'rhythm,' this word is much broader. It can apply to music, work-life balance, or the plot of a movie. Use 步伐 when you mean 'moving forward,' but use 节奏 when you mean 'the pattern of timing.'
进度 (jìndù)
Meaning 'progress' or 'schedule,' this is used in project management. While you might '加快步伐' to finish a project, the '进度' is the actual percentage of the work completed.
In poetic contexts, you might also see 踪迹 (zōngjì - traces/tracks) or 足迹 (zújì - footprints). These focus on where someone has *been*, whereas 步伐 focuses on how they are *going*. Finally, for very casual situations, just use 走 (zǒu) or 步子 (bùzi). If you tell a friend '你的步伐太快了,' it might sound a bit like you're reading a book. Better to say '你走得太快了.'

这位老人的步履虽然蹒跚，但眼神依然坚定。 (The old man's steps were faltering, but his eyes were still firm.)

Summary of Choice
Use 步伐 for: Pace of life, national progress, marching, rhythmic walking. Use 速度 for: Physical speed (cars, internet). Use 进度 for: Project deadlines. Use 步履 for: Literary descriptions of walking.
Mastering these distinctions will help you sound like a native speaker who understands the subtle textures of the Chinese language.
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レベル別の例文

1

他的步伐很快。

His pace is very fast.

Simple Subject + Adjective structure.

2

我听到了他的步伐声。

I heard the sound of his steps.

步伐 used as a noun with the possessive 的.

3

请放慢你的步伐。

Please slow down your pace.

Verb (放慢) + Object (步伐).

4

小猫的步伐很轻。

The kitten's steps are very light.

Describing the quality of a physical step.

5

我们在公园里迈着轻松的步伐。

We are walking with a relaxed pace in the park.

迈着 (striding/walking) is a common verb for 步伐.

6

老师的步伐很稳。

The teacher's steps are steady.

稳 (steady) is a frequent adjective for 步伐.

7

他的步伐很沉重。

His steps are heavy.

沉重 (heavy) describes physical or emotional weight.

8

这个步伐很整齐。

These steps are very orderly.

整齐 (orderly) used for group movement.

1

城市的步伐总是那么快。

The city's pace is always so fast.

Metaphorical use for the pace of life.

2

我们要加快学习的步伐。

We need to speed up the pace of our studies.

加快 (speed up) is a common collocation.

3

他迈着坚定的步伐走向终点。

He walked toward the finish line with firm steps.

坚定的 (firm/determined) + 步伐.

4

这里的步伐比北京慢一点。

The pace here is a bit slower than in Beijing.

Comparative structure with 步伐.

5

随着音乐的步伐，大家跳起舞来。

Following the pace of the music, everyone started dancing.

步伐 used here as 'rhythm' or 'beat'.

6

我不喜欢这种匆忙的步伐。

I don't like this hurried pace.

匆忙 (hurried) + 步伐.

7

他的步伐越来越小。

His steps are getting smaller and smaller.

描述物理步幅的大小。

8

放慢步伐，你会看到更美的风景。

Slow down your pace, and you will see more beautiful scenery.

Imperative sentence using 步伐.

1

为了跟上时代的步伐，他开始学习电脑。

In order to keep up with the pace of the times, he started learning computers.

Fixed phrase: 跟上时代的步伐.

2

这家公司发展的步伐非常稳健。

The pace of this company's development is very steady.

稳健 (steady/sound) is a business-appropriate adjective.

3

他调整了步伐，准备迎接挑战。

He adjusted his pace, preparing to meet the challenge.

调整 (adjust) + 步伐.

4

科技进步的步伐从未停止过。

The pace of technological progress has never stopped.

步伐 as the subject of the verb 停止.

5

他在雪地上留下了深浅不一的步伐。

He left steps of varying depths in the snow.

Here 步伐 refers to the physical tracks.

6

我们需要统一步伐，才能完成任务。

We need to unify our pace to complete the task.

统一 (unify) + 步伐 (teamwork context).

7

他那沉重的步伐显示出他内心的忧虑。

His heavy steps revealed the anxiety in his heart.

步伐 revealing an emotional state.

8

春天正迈着轻盈的步伐向我们走来。

Spring is approaching us with light steps.

Personification using 步伐.

1

面对激烈的竞争，企业必须加快改革的步伐。

In the face of fierce competition, enterprises must accelerate the pace of reform.

Formal business/political context.

2

我们要跟上全球化的步伐，就必须提高竞争力。

If we want to keep up with the pace of globalization, we must improve our competitiveness.

Conditional structure with 步伐.

3

由于缺乏资金，该项目的建设步伐放慢了。

Due to a lack of funds, the pace of the project's construction has slowed down.

Passive-style description of progress.

4

他那矫健的步伐给人留下了深刻的印象。

His vigorous pace left a deep impression on people.

矫健 (vigorous/strong) + 步伐.

5

历史前进的步伐是任何力量都无法阻挡的。

The forward pace of history cannot be stopped by any force.

Abstract, grand-scale usage.

6

他在职场上迈出了稳健的步伐。

He took steady steps in his career.

迈出...步伐 (to take... steps/pace).

7

我们要根据实际情况调整工作的步伐。

We should adjust the pace of our work according to the actual situation.

Administrative/management context.

8

这种混乱的步伐反映了团队内部的不和。

This chaotic pace reflects the discord within the team.

步伐 reflecting abstract qualities like 'discord'.

1

政府正致力于加快法治建设的步伐。

The government is committed to accelerating the pace of building the rule of law.

High-level political discourse.

2

他以从容不迫的步伐走上讲台，开始了演讲。

He walked onto the podium with a calm and unhurried pace and began his speech.

Idiom (从容不迫) modifying 步伐.

3

现代生活节奏的加快，使得人们不得不调整自己的生活步伐。

The acceleration of the rhythm of modern life makes people have to adjust their own life pace.

Distinguishing between 节奏 and 步伐.

4

在那段艰难的岁月中，他迈着沉重而坚毅的步伐前行。

During those difficult years, he moved forward with heavy but determined steps.

Literary description of character.

5

城市扩张的步伐正在吞噬周边的自然景观。

The pace of urban expansion is swallowing the surrounding natural landscapes.

Metaphorical use in environmental context.

6

我们必须保持步伐一致，才能在国际舞台上发声。

We must keep our pace consistent to have a voice on the international stage.

步伐一致 (pace consistency) as a metaphor for unity.

7

这部电影的叙事步伐紧凑，扣人心弦。

The narrative pace of this movie is tight and gripping.

步伐 used in artistic criticism.

8

他的步伐中透出一种不容置疑的威严。

There was an unquestionable majesty in his stride.

步伐 as a carrier of personality traits.

1

在历史的长河中，人类文明的步伐虽有曲折，但始终向前。

In the long river of history, although the pace of human civilization has had twists and turns, it has always moved forward.

Philosophical/Historical register.

2

他那蹒跚的步伐，无声地诉说着岁月的沧桑。

His faltering steps silently told of the vicissitudes of time.

High-level literary personification.

3

若不能审时度势地调整改革步伐，则可能导致社会动荡。

If the pace of reform is not adjusted by assessing the situation, it may lead to social unrest.

Complex conditional with sophisticated idioms.

4

诗歌的韵律美往往体现在其独特的语言步伐中。

The rhythmic beauty of poetry is often reflected in its unique linguistic pace.

步伐 applied to abstract aesthetic structures.

5

他以一种近乎修行的步伐，走完了这段漫长的旅程。

With a pace almost like a spiritual practice, he completed this long journey.

Metaphorical use involving spiritual concepts.

6

该企业的扩张步伐带有明显的侵略性，引发了行业的警惕。

The expansion pace of this enterprise is clearly aggressive, triggering vigilance in the industry.

Corporate strategy analysis.

7

在这部交响乐中，步伐感极强的节奏贯穿始终。

In this symphony, a rhythm with a strong sense of 'pace' runs through from beginning to end.

步伐感 (sense of pace) as a technical term.

8

唯有那些能够踏准时代步伐的人，方能引领潮流。

Only those who can step accurately on the pace of the times can lead the trend.

踏准 (step accurately on) + 步伐.

よく使う組み合わせ

加快步伐
放慢步伐
时代的步伐
坚定的步伐
沉重的步伐
改革的步伐
统一步伐
轻快的步伐
调整步伐
整齐的步伐

よく使うフレーズ

紧跟步伐

— To follow closely behind the pace set by others or by the times.

我们要紧跟科技发展的步伐。

迈开步伐

— To start taking steps or to start moving forward with energy.

迈开步伐

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