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B1 noun #5,000 よく出る 9分で読める

防护

fánghù
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解説 防护 in your Level:
At the A1 level, learners are just beginning to grasp basic vocabulary. '防护' would be too advanced. They might encounter very simple words related to safety like '安全' (ānquán - safe) or '小心' (xiǎoxīn - careful), but not the concept of protective measures itself.
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A2 learners can understand simple sentences and common expressions. They might start to recognize '防护' in very basic, concrete contexts, possibly related to physical safety items like helmets or gloves, but without a deep understanding of its nuances or broader applications. They would likely rely on the visual context or simpler synonyms.
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At the B1 level, learners can understand the main points of clear standard input on familiar matters. They can produce simple connected text on topics which are familiar or of personal interest. '防护' fits well here as it deals with concrete protective measures and safety in familiar environments (work, home, public spaces). They can use it in simple sentences and understand its meaning in common compound words.
B2 learners can understand the main ideas of complex text on both concrete and abstract topics. They can interact with a degree of fluency and spontaneity. '防护' can be used in more varied contexts, including abstract ones like information protection or psychological defense. They can discuss the effectiveness of different types of '防护' and compare it with other related terms.
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C1 learners have a proficient command of the language. They can understand a wide range of demanding, longer texts, and recognize implicit meaning. They can express themselves fluently and spontaneously without much obvious searching for expressions. '防护' can be used in sophisticated discussions about policy, strategy, risk management, and complex technical or philosophical concepts related to protection and security.
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C2 learners understand virtually everything heard or read with ease. They can summarize information from different spoken and written sources, reconstructing arguments and accounts in a coherent presentation. At this level, '防护' would be fully integrated into their vocabulary, used with precision in highly specialized or nuanced contexts, potentially in academic research or advanced professional discourse on security and risk.
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練習する 例文 メモとヒント

防护 30秒で

  • 防护 (fánghù) means protection or safeguard.
  • It's used to describe measures taken to stay safe from harm.
  • Think of it as shielding or defending against danger.

The word 防护 (fánghù) is a noun that translates to 'protection' or 'safeguard' in English. It refers to actions, measures, or things that are put in place to shield someone or something from harm, danger, damage, or undesirable effects. It signifies a defensive posture or the provision of a secure environment.

Core Meaning
At its heart, 防护 is about defense and safety. It's the active or passive process of keeping something secure.
Common Contexts
You'll frequently encounter 防护 in contexts related to safety regulations, personal protective equipment, environmental protection, and security measures. For instance, in workplaces, there's often emphasis on '职业 防护' (zhíyè fánghù) – occupational protection, which includes safety gear and procedures. In public health, '疾病 防护' (jíbìng fánghù) refers to disease prevention and protection measures. The term is also used for physical barriers, like '防盗 防护' (fángdào fánghù) – anti-theft protection, or '防水 防护' (fángshuǐ fánghù) – waterproof protection.
Broader Applications
Beyond physical safety, 防护 can extend to other forms of safeguarding. For example, '信息 防护' (xìnxī fánghù) refers to information protection or cybersecurity. In a more abstract sense, '心理 防护' (xīnlǐ fánghù) might be used to describe psychological defense mechanisms. The key is that it always implies a need to shield from something negative.

The construction site requires strict safety 防护 measures.

Wearing a mask is a form of personal 防护 against airborne viruses.

Etymology Hint
The character '防' (fáng) itself means to guard against, to defend, or to prevent. The character '护' (hù) means to protect, to guard, or to escort. Together, they strongly emphasize the concept of active defense and protection.

The special coating provides UV 防护.

Using 防护 (fánghù) in sentences is quite straightforward, as it primarily functions as a noun. It often appears in phrases or alongside other words to specify the type of protection being discussed. Here are some common patterns and examples:

As a standalone noun
It can be used to refer to protection in general or a specific protective measure.

This helmet provides excellent 防护.

In compound nouns
It's very common to combine 防护 with another word, often one starting with '防' (fáng), to specify what is being protected against. The structure is often [Type of Protection] + 防护 or [Thing to Prevent] + 防护.

We need to strengthen our network 防护.

With verbs indicating action
Verbs like '加强' (jiāqiáng - to strengthen), '提供' (tígōng - to provide), '进行' (jìnxíng - to carry out), and '注意' (zhùyì - to pay attention to) are often used with 防护.

The company provides adequate safety 防护 for its employees.

In descriptive phrases
It can be part of a larger description of a product's features or a situation's requirements.

This material offers good thermal 防护.

You'll hear 防护 (fánghù) in a wide variety of everyday and professional settings. Its prevalence stems from the universal need for safety and security. Here are some common scenarios:

Workplace Safety Briefings
In factories, construction sites, laboratories, and hospitals, safety officers frequently discuss '职业 防护' (zhíyè fánghù - occupational protection), emphasizing the use of personal protective equipment (PPE) like helmets, gloves, masks, and safety goggles. They might say, '请务必做好个人 防护。' (Qǐng wùbì zuò hǎo gèrén fánghù. - Please be sure to do your personal protection.)

News reports about natural disasters often mention disaster 防护 measures.

Product Descriptions and Advertisements
Manufacturers highlight the protective qualities of their products. You'll see '防晒 防护' (fángshài fánghù - sun protection) on sunscreen, '防水 防护' (fángshuǐ fánghù - waterproof protection) on electronics, and '防刮 防护' (fángguā fánghù - scratch protection) on phone cases. A common phrase might be, '这款手机壳提供全方位的 防护。' (Zhè kuǎn shǒujī ké tígōng quán fāngwèi de fánghù. - This phone case offers all-around protection.)

Discussions about cybersecurity often involve network 防护.

Public Health Announcements
During flu seasons or pandemics, health authorities advise on '疾病 防护' (jíbìng fánghù - disease protection) measures, such as vaccination and hygiene. You might hear, '做好个人 防护 是关键。' (Zuò hǎo gèrén fánghù shì guānjiàn. - Doing personal protection well is key.)

Environmentalists advocate for nature 防护.

Security and Defense Discussions
News, military, and police contexts talk about '国家 防护' (guójiā fánghù - national defense) or '边境 防护' (biānjìng fánghù - border protection). A sentence could be, '边境 防护 工作非常重要。' (Biānjìng fánghù gōngzuò fēicháng zhòngyào. - Border protection work is very important.)

Medical professionals discuss patient 防护 protocols.

Technology and Internet Security
In discussions about computers and the internet, '网络 防护' (wǎngluò fánghù - network protection) or '数据 防护' (shùjù fánghù - data protection) are common terms. For example, '我们需要加强网络 防护。' (Wǒmen xūyào jiāqiáng wǎngluò fánghù. - We need to strengthen network protection.)

While 防护 (fánghù) is a generally well-understood term, learners might make a few common mistakes, primarily related to its usage in compound words and its distinction from similar concepts.

Confusing it with '保护' (bǎohù)
Both '防护' and '保护' can translate to 'protection'. However, '保护' is more general and can refer to protecting people, rights, or even emotional states. '防护' specifically implies taking measures against a tangible threat or harm, often through physical means or preventative actions. For example, you '保护' (bǎohù) your children, but you use '防护' (fánghù) gear for safety. A common mistake is using '防护' when '保护' is more appropriate, like saying '防护孩子' (fánghù háizi) instead of '保护孩子' (bǎohù háizi).

Mistake: 我需要防护我的家人。(Wǒ xūyào fánghù wǒ de jiārén.) - Incorrect. Should be 保护 (bǎohù) for general protection.

Incorrect placement in compound words
While '防护' itself is a noun, the character '防' (fáng) often precedes the object it protects against to form compound words. Learners might mistakenly try to place '防护' in a position where '防' should be, or vice versa. For instance, instead of '防晒霜' (fángshài shuāng - sunscreen), one might incorrectly try to form '防护晒霜' (fánghù shài shuāng).

Mistake: 这个设备有防护水功能。(Zhège shèbèi yǒu fánghù shuǐ gōngnéng.) - Incorrect. Should be 防水 (fángshuǐ - waterproof) or 防护防水 (fánghù fángshuǐ - protective waterproof, less common as a single phrase).

Overuse or underuse in specific contexts
Sometimes learners might use 防护 when a more specific term is needed, or conversely, fail to use it when it's the most appropriate word. For example, in discussions about cybersecurity, '网络安全' (wǎngluò ānquán - network security) is more common than just '网络 防护' (wǎngluò fánghù), though the latter is still understandable. However, for physical safety equipment, 防护 is often the preferred term.

Mistake: 医生使用防护来治疗病人。(Yīshēng shǐyòng fánghù lái zhìliáo bìngrén.) - Incorrect. Doctors use medical treatments; '防护' refers to protective measures, not the treatment itself.

While 防护 (fánghù) is a specific term for protective measures, several other words share similar meanings or are used in related contexts. Understanding these distinctions helps in choosing the most appropriate word.

保护 (bǎohù) vs. 防护 (fánghù)
保护 (bǎohù): This is a more general term for protection. It can apply to physical safety, but also to protecting rights, interests, the environment, or even emotional well-being. It often implies care and safeguarding.
防护 (fánghù): This term specifically refers to protective measures taken against tangible threats, dangers, or harm. It emphasizes defense, prevention, and the use of shields or barriers.
Comparison: You '保护' (bǎohù) a child's future, but you wear '防护' (fánghù) gear to protect yourself from injury. '保护' is broader; '防护' is more about active defense against specific risks.

'保护' (bǎohù) is like a shield for rights, while '防护' (fánghù) is like a shield against physical harm.

防备 (fángbèi) vs. 防护 (fánghù)
防备 (fángbèi): This means to guard against, to take precautions, or to prepare for potential danger or attack. It's more about readiness and vigilance.
防护 (fánghù): This is the actual protective measure or equipment itself.
Comparison: You '防备' (fángbèi) an attack by preparing defenses, and these defenses are your '防护' (fánghù) measures.

'防备' is the act of being ready, '防护' is the gear that keeps you safe.

安全 (ānquán) vs. 防护 (fánghù)
安全 (ānquán): This means safety or security, the state of being free from danger or harm.
防护 (fánghù): This refers to the means or actions taken to achieve safety.
Comparison: '安全' is the goal or condition, while '防护' is one of the ways to achieve it. '安全措施' (ānquán cuòshī - safety measures) is a common phrase that includes '防护' measures.

'安全' is the desired state, '防护' is the action or tool to get there.

Shielding terms (e.g., 盾牌 dùnpái - shield)
While specific items like '盾牌' (dùnpái - shield) are physical objects providing protection, '防护' is the abstract concept or the category of such items and measures. A shield is a form of '防护'.

How Formal Is It?

豆知識

The character '防' (fáng) has a strong connection to water and flood control in its ancient form, reflecting the importance of managing natural elements for survival. This foundational meaning of creating a barrier against a destructive force directly translates to the broader sense of protection we see today.

発音ガイド

UK /fɑːŋˈfuː/
US /fɑŋˈfuː/
The stress is on the second syllable: 'fánghù'.
韻が合う語
hù (护) tú (图) shù (树) lù (路) mù (木) jù (聚) qù (去) gù (故)
よくある間違い
  • Pronouncing 'fáng' as 'fang' without the nasal quality.
  • Shortening the 'u' sound in 'hù'.
  • Incorrectly stressing the first syllable.

難易度

読解 3/5

At CEFR B1, learners can understand factual texts on familiar topics. '防护' appears in many contexts related to daily life, work, and safety, making it accessible in reading materials. The complexity arises when it's used in compound words or abstract discussions.

ライティング 3/5

Learners at B1 can start using '防护' in their writing, especially in descriptive sentences about safety or products. The challenge lies in using it correctly in compound words and distinguishing it from similar terms.

スピーキング 3/5

Speaking '防护' is generally straightforward. The difficulty is in using it naturally in conversation, especially when discussing specific protective needs or measures. Understanding its nuances compared to '保护' is key for fluency.

リスニング 3/5

Recognizing '防护' in spoken Chinese is usually manageable at B1, especially when the context is clear (e.g., safety announcements, product descriptions). It might be harder to distinguish subtle differences from similar-sounding words or in fast-paced speech.

次に学ぶべきこと

前提知識

安全 (ānquán - safe, security) 保护 (bǎohù - protect) 防 (fáng - to prevent, guard against) 护 (hù - to protect, guard) 措施 (cuòshī - measure)

次に学ぶ

防备 (fángbèi - to guard against, take precautions) 防御 (fángyù - defense) 防范 (fángfàn - to prevent, guard against) 保障 (bǎozhàng - to guarantee, ensure) 安全 (ānquán - safety, security)

上級

韧性 (rènxìng - resilience) 预警 (yùjǐng - early warning) 风险管理 (fēngxiǎn guǎnlǐ - risk management) 战略防护 (zhànlüè fánghù - strategic protection) 信息安全 (xìnxī ānquán - information security)

知っておくべき文法

Using '的' (de) to form attributive phrases.

安全防护措施 (ānquán fánghù cuòshī - safety protection measures). Here, '安全' modifies '防护措施'.

Using verbs like '加强' (jiāqiáng - to strengthen) or '提供' (tígōng - to provide) with '防护' as the object.

我们需要加强网络防护。 (Wǒmen xūyào jiāqiáng wǎngluò fánghù. - We need to strengthen network protection.)

Forming compound nouns where '防护' is the second element, often specifying the type of protection.

信息防护 (xìnxī fánghù - information protection). '信息' specifies what is being protected.

Using '需要' (xūyào - need) or '必须' (bìxū - must) with '防护' to indicate necessity.

这个设备需要额外的防护。 (Zhège shèbèi xūyào éwài de fánghù. - This equipment needs extra protection.)

Using '做好' (zuòhǎo - to do well, to be well done) with '防护' to emphasize proper execution.

请做好个人防护。 (Qǐng zuòhǎo gèrén fánghù. - Please do your personal protection well.)

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レベル別の例文

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1

戴头盔是重要的防护。

Wearing a helmet is important protection.

Simple subject-verb-object structure. '防护' acts as a noun.

2

这件衣服有防雨防护。

This piece of clothing has rain protection.

Compound noun '防雨防护' (rain protection). '有' (yǒu) means 'has'.

3

小心，注意防护！

Be careful, pay attention to protection!

'注意' (zhùyì) means 'pay attention to'. Imperative mood.

4

我们要做安全防护。

We need to do safety protection.

'安全防护' (ānquán fánghù) is a common compound. '做' (zuò) means 'to do'.

5

这个箱子需要防护。

This box needs protection.

'需要' (xūyào) means 'needs'. Simple subject-verb-object.

6

请用防护手套。

Please use protective gloves.

'防护手套' (fánghù shǒutào) is a compound noun. '请' (qǐng) indicates a request.

7

外面的风很大，需要防护。

The wind outside is strong, protection is needed.

Describes a situation requiring protection.

8

这是我的新防护眼镜。

These are my new protective glasses.

'防护眼镜' (fánghù yǎnjìng) is a compound noun. '是' (shì) means 'is/are'.

1

在建筑工地，必须采取严格的安全防护措施。

On the construction site, strict safety protection measures must be taken.

'采取' (cǎiqǔ) means 'to take'. '措施' (cuòshī) means 'measures'. '安全防护措施' is a key phrase.

2

这款手机壳提供了良好的防摔防护。

This phone case provides good drop protection.

'防摔' (fángshuāi) means 'anti-fall'. '防护' specifies the type of protection.

3

为了防止病毒传播，我们应该加强个人防护。

To prevent virus transmission, we should strengthen personal protection.

'防止' (fángzhǐ) means 'to prevent'. '加强' (jiāqiáng) means 'to strengthen'.

4

这种材料具有优异的隔热防护性能。

This material has excellent thermal insulation protection performance.

'隔热' (gérè) means 'heat insulation'. '性能' (xìngnéng) means 'performance'.

5

消防员需要专业的防护装备。

Firefighters need professional protective equipment.

'消防员' (xiāofángyuán) means 'firefighter'. '装备' (zhuāngbèi) means 'equipment'.

6

网络安全防护是当前面临的重要挑战。

Network security protection is an important challenge we face today.

'网络安全' (wǎngluò ānquán) means 'network security'. '挑战' (tiǎozhàn) means 'challenge'.

7

请注意，这里是高风险区域，需要特别的防护。

Please note, this is a high-risk area and requires special protection.

'高风险区域' (gāo fēngxiǎn qūyù) means 'high-risk area'. '特别的' (tèbié de) means 'special'.

8

政府正在投资加强国家边境的防护。

The government is investing in strengthening the protection of the national border.

'边境' (biānjìng) means 'border'. '投资' (tóuzī) means 'to invest'.

1

为了应对日益增长的网络攻击，企业必须加大在信息防护方面的投入。

To cope with the increasing network attacks, companies must increase investment in information protection.

'日益增长' (rìyì zēngzhǎng) means 'increasing day by day'. '信息防护' (xìnxī fánghù) is information protection.

2

该新型材料不仅具有良好的隔音效果，还能提供有效的辐射防护。

This new material not only has good sound insulation effects but also provides effective radiation protection.

'隔音' (géyīn) means 'sound insulation'. '辐射' (fúshè) means 'radiation'.

3

在极端天气条件下，航空交通的防护措施尤为重要。

Under extreme weather conditions, aviation traffic protection measures are particularly important.

'极端天气' (jíduān tiānqì) means 'extreme weather'. '航空交通' (hángkōng jiāotōng) means 'aviation traffic'.

4

环境保护部门呼吁公众提高对生态系统的防护意识。

The environmental protection department calls on the public to raise awareness of ecosystem protection.

'环境保护' (huánjìng bǎohù) means 'environmental protection'. '生态系统' (shēngtài xìtǒng) means 'ecosystem'.

5

医学研究表明，某些特定的营养素对身体具有重要的免疫防护作用。

Medical research indicates that certain specific nutrients have important immune protection effects on the body.

'免疫' (miǎnyì) means 'immune'. '作用' (zuòyòng) means 'effect' or 'role'.

6

公司制定了详细的员工健康防护计划，以应对潜在的职业病风险。

The company has formulated a detailed employee health protection plan to address potential occupational disease risks.

'职业病' (zhíyèbìng) means 'occupational disease'. '风险' (fēngxiǎn) means 'risk'.

7

考古学家在发掘过程中采取了多重防护措施，以确保文物的完整性。

Archaeologists adopted multiple protective measures during the excavation process to ensure the integrity of the cultural relics.

'考古学家' (kǎogǔxuéjiā) means 'archaeologist'. '文物' (wénwù) means 'cultural relics'.

8

面对地缘政治的不确定性，国家需要加强其战略物资的防护能力。

Facing geopolitical uncertainty, the nation needs to strengthen its strategic material protection capabilities.

'地缘政治' (dìyuán zhèngzhì) means 'geopolitics'. '战略物资' (zhànlüè wùzī) means 'strategic materials'.

1

当前的网络空间充斥着各种潜在威胁，因此，构建坚不可摧的信息防护体系至关重要。

The current cyberspace is filled with various potential threats; therefore, building an impregnable information protection system is crucial.

'网络空间' (wǎngluò kōngjiān) means 'cyberspace'. '坚不可摧' (jiān bù kě cuī) means 'impregnable'.

2

随着技术的发展，我们必须不断评估和升级现有防护机制，以应对不断演变的威胁。

With the advancement of technology, we must continuously evaluate and upgrade existing protection mechanisms to counter evolving threats.

'评估' (pínggū) means 'to evaluate'. '演变' (yǎnbiàn) means 'to evolve'.

3

在生物技术领域，基因编辑的伦理边界及其潜在的长期防护问题，是亟待深入探讨的议题。

In the field of biotechnology, the ethical boundaries of gene editing and its potential long-term protection issues are topics urgently requiring in-depth discussion.

'基因编辑' (jīyīn biānjì) means 'gene editing'. '伦理边界' (lúnlǐ biānjiè) means 'ethical boundaries'.

4

城市的韧性建设不仅体现在物理基础设施的防护上，更在于其社会系统的应变能力。

The resilience of a city is reflected not only in the protection of its physical infrastructure but also in the adaptability of its social systems.

'韧性建设' (rènxìng jiànshè) means 'resilience building'. '应变能力' (yìngbiàn nénglì) means 'adaptability'.

5

历史上的许多文明都曾面临过外敌入侵的威胁，因此，有效的军事防护体系是其得以延续的关键。

Many civilizations throughout history faced the threat of foreign invasion; therefore, effective military protection systems were key to their continuation.

'外敌入侵' (wàidí rùqīn) means 'foreign invasion'. '得以延续' (dédǐ yánxù) means 'to be able to continue'.

6

在进行高风险科学实验时，科学家们必须遵循严格的操作规程，以确保人员和设备的安全防护。

When conducting high-risk scientific experiments, scientists must follow strict operating procedures to ensure the safety and protection of personnel and equipment.

'操作规程' (cāozuò guīchéng) means 'operating procedures'. '人员' (rényuán) means 'personnel'.

7

文化遗产的保护需要多方面的努力，包括物理结构本身的防护以及对其历史价值的阐释。

The protection of cultural heritage requires multi-faceted efforts, including the protection of the physical structures themselves and the interpretation of their historical value.

'文化遗产' (wénhuà yíchǎn) means 'cultural heritage'. '阐释' (chǎnshì) means 'interpretation'.

8

企业在处理敏感数据时，必须实施全面的数据防护策略，以防止信息泄露和滥用。

When handling sensitive data, companies must implement comprehensive data protection strategies to prevent information leakage and misuse.

'敏感数据' (mǐngǎn shùjù) means 'sensitive data'. '信息泄露' (xìnxī xièlòu) means 'information leakage'.

1

面对全球性挑战，如气候变化和流行病，国际社会亟需建立一种协同的、前瞻性的防护框架。

In the face of global challenges, such as climate change and pandemics, the international community urgently needs to establish a collaborative and forward-looking protection framework.

'协同的' (xiétóng de) means 'collaborative'. '前瞻性' (qiánzhānxìng) means 'forward-looking'.

2

数字鸿沟的扩大可能加剧社会脆弱性，因此，数字素养的普及和信息防护能力的提升应并驾齐驱。

The widening digital divide may exacerbate societal vulnerability; therefore, the popularization of digital literacy and the enhancement of information protection capabilities should go hand in hand.

'数字鸿沟' (shùzì hónggōu) means 'digital divide'. '并驾齐驱' (bìngjiàqíqū) means 'to go hand in hand'.

3

后殖民语境下的文化身份认同，往往需要面对历史创伤的解构，并构建一种抵抗性的防护机制。

Cultural identity in a post-colonial context often requires deconstructing historical trauma and constructing a resistant protective mechanism.

'后殖民语境' (hòuzhímín yǔjìng) means 'post-colonial context'. '抵抗性' (dǐkàngxìng) means 'resistant'.

4

在人工智能伦理学的讨论中，算法的透明度及其潜在的偏见问题，是确保公平性和有效防护的关键考量。

In discussions of artificial intelligence ethics, algorithmic transparency and its potential bias issues are key considerations for ensuring fairness and effective protection.

'算法的透明度' (suànfǎ de tòumíngdù) means 'algorithmic transparency'. '偏见' (piānjiàn) means 'bias'.

5

国家安全战略的制定，必须充分考量经济全球化与地缘政治风险的相互作用，以实现综合性的防护。

The formulation of national security strategy must fully consider the interplay of economic globalization and geopolitical risks to achieve comprehensive protection.

'相互作用' (xiānghù zuòyòng) means 'interplay'. '综合性' (zōnghéxìng) means 'comprehensive'.

6

面对日益复杂的网络战威胁，传统的基于边界的防护模式已显不足，需要转向以数据为中心的纵深防御。

Faced with increasingly complex cyber warfare threats, traditional perimeter-based protection models are insufficient, necessitating a shift towards data-centric defense in depth.

'网络战' (wǎngluò zhàn) means 'cyber warfare'. '纵深防御' (zòngshēn fángyù) means 'defense in depth'.

7

生物多样性保护的挑战，不仅在于直接的栖息地破坏，更在于生态系统内部微妙的相互依赖关系的防护。

The challenge of biodiversity conservation lies not only in direct habitat destruction but also in protecting the delicate interdependencies within ecosystems.

'生物多样性' (shēngwù duōyàngxìng) means 'biodiversity'. '栖息地' (qīxīdì) means 'habitat'.

8

企业社会责任的履行，不仅仅是法律合规，更是对社会伦理和环境可持续性的主动防护。

The fulfillment of corporate social responsibility is not merely legal compliance but an active protection of social ethics and environmental sustainability.

'企业社会责任' (qǐyè shèhuì zérèn) means 'corporate social responsibility'. '可持续性' (kěchíxùxìng) means 'sustainability'.

よく使う組み合わせ

安全防护
个人防护
职业防护
信息防护
网络防护
加强防护
提供防护
严格防护
物理防护
抗辐射防护

よく使うフレーズ

安全防护

— Safety protection. This is a very common phrase referring to general safety measures.

为了确保员工安全，公司投入了大量资金进行安全防护。

个人防护

— Personal protection. Refers to the measures an individual takes to protect themselves, such as wearing masks or helmets.

在疫情期间，个人防护用品的销量大幅增加。

加强防护

— To strengthen protection. Used when discussing the need to improve or increase safety measures.

我们需要加强对关键基础设施的防护，以应对潜在的威胁。

提供防护

— To provide protection. Used when describing something that offers protection.

这种特殊的涂层可以提供紫外线防护。

防护措施

— Protective measures. Refers to specific actions or steps taken for protection.

在进入危险区域之前，必须采取一切必要的防护措施。

防护装备

— Protective equipment. Refers to the gear or items used for protection.

消防员必须穿着全套防护装备才能进入火场。

防护服

— Protective clothing. A specific type of protective gear.

化工厂的工人都穿着防护服工作。

防护网

— Protective net. A physical barrier made of netting.

为了防止小鸟啄食庄稼，农民们在田地里设置了防护网。

防护栏

— Guardrail, protective railing. A barrier to prevent falls or collisions.

楼梯的侧面安装了坚固的防护栏。

防护罩

— Protective cover or shield. Used for machinery or sensitive equipment.

机器的旋转部分装有防护罩，以防意外。

よく混同される語

防护 vs 保护 (bǎohù)

'保护' is a more general term for protection, covering rights, well-being, and abstract concepts. '防护' specifically implies measures against tangible dangers or harm. For example, you '保护' your family, but wear '防护' gear for safety.

防护 vs 防卫 (fángwèi)

'防卫' is primarily used in military or security contexts, referring to active defense against an attack. '防护' is broader and can include passive measures and protection against non-hostile threats.

防护 vs 防范 (fángfàn)

'防范' emphasizes taking precautions and preventing potential problems, often before they occur. '防护' refers to the actual protective measures or equipment in place.

慣用句と表現

"防不胜防"

— Impossible to guard against everything; too many dangers to fend off. It implies a situation where threats are numerous or subtle, making complete protection difficult.

小偷的手法越来越高明，真是防不胜防。

General, often used in everyday conversation.
"铜墙铁壁"

— Literally 'copper wall, iron fortress.' It describes an extremely strong defense or protection that is virtually impenetrable. It emphasizes the robustness of the protection.

这座城市的城墙如同铜墙铁壁，敌人难以攻破。

General, often used metaphorically.
"固若金汤"

— As strong as gold and soup (an ancient fortification). Similar to '铜墙铁壁', it describes a very secure and strong defense, making it difficult to breach.

这座军事基地固若金汤，防守严密。

General, often used metaphorically.
"严防死守"

— To guard strictly and defend resolutely. It implies a high level of vigilance and a determined effort to prevent any breach or intrusion.

边境地区正在严防死守，防止非法入境。

Formal, often used in security and military contexts.
"滴水不漏"

— Not a drop leaks; watertight. It describes a perfect, flawless protection or system where nothing can get through or escape.

他的计划安排得滴水不漏，没有任何漏洞。

General, can be used for physical or abstract protection.
"防微杜渐"

— To nip evil in the bud; to nip in the bud. It means to take precautions against minor problems before they develop into major ones, emphasizing preventative action.

对于潜在的风险，我们应该防微杜渐。

Formal, often used in advice or policy discussions.
"金钟罩铁布衫"

— Literally 'golden bell shield, iron cloth shirt.' Refers to legendary martial arts skills that provide invincibility against physical attacks. Used metaphorically to describe extreme, almost supernatural protection.

他好像有金钟罩铁布衫一样，什么打击都伤不了他。

Informal, often used humorously or hyperbolically.
"万无一失"

— Absolutely safe; foolproof; without a chance of error. It describes a situation or plan that is so well-protected or executed that failure is impossible.

这次行动万无一失，请放心。

General, emphasizes certainty of safety.
"铜浇铁铸"

— Cast in bronze and forged in iron. Similar to '铜墙铁壁', it describes something extremely strong, solid, and unyielding, implying robust protection.

他的决心如同铜浇铁铸，不可动摇。

General, often used metaphorically for resolve or strength.
"防患未然"

— To take precautions against future trouble; to guard against what may happen. Similar to '防微杜渐', it emphasizes proactive measures to prevent future problems.

我们应该防患未然，提前做好应对措施。

Formal, emphasizes foresight.

間違えやすい

防护 vs 保护 (bǎohù)

Both words translate to 'protection' in English and are used in contexts related to safety.

'保护' is a broader term, covering the safeguarding of rights, well-being, and abstract concepts. '防护' is more specific, referring to measures taken against tangible threats, dangers, or harm, often involving physical barriers or equipment. You '保护' your children's future, but you use '防护' gear to protect yourself from injury.

我需要‘保护’我的电脑不受病毒侵害。(I need to 'protect' my computer from viruses.) vs. 我需要‘防护’装备来操作这些化学品。(I need 'protective' gear to handle these chemicals.)

防护 vs 防卫 (fángwèi)

Both relate to defense and protection against threats.

'防卫' specifically refers to defense against an attack or invasion, often in a military or security context. It implies an active, often aggressive stance to repel an enemy. '防护' is a more general term for protection against various forms of harm, including passive measures and non-hostile threats. Think of '防卫' as a military strategy and '防护' as safety equipment.

军队加强了边境‘防卫’。(The army strengthened border 'defense'.) vs. 消防员需要‘防护’服。(Firefighters need 'protective' clothing.)

防护 vs 防范 (fángfàn)

Both involve preventing negative outcomes and taking preventative actions.

'防范' emphasizes taking precautions and measures to prevent potential dangers or crimes from occurring. It's about being vigilant and proactive. '防护' refers to the actual protective measures, equipment, or systems that are in place to shield against harm. You '防范' a scam by being careful, and you use '防护' measures to secure your home.

我们需要‘防范’火灾。(We need to 'guard against' fires.) vs. 灭火器是火灾‘防护’的一种设备。(Fire extinguishers are a piece of 'fire protection' equipment.)

防护 vs 安全 (ānquán)

They are closely related concepts, as protection aims to achieve safety.

'安全' (ānquán) refers to the state of being safe, secure, and free from danger or harm. It's the goal or condition. '防护' (fánghù) refers to the actions, measures, or equipment used to achieve that state of safety. '安全' is the desired outcome, and '防护' is a means to that end. You seek '安全' through '防护'.

我们追求‘安全’的生活。(We pursue a life of 'safety'.) vs. ‘防护’措施保证了我们的安全。( 'Protective' measures ensure our safety.)

防护 vs 保障 (bǎozhàng)

Both involve ensuring something is safe or secure.

'保障' means to guarantee, ensure, or safeguard something, often referring to rights, welfare, or basic needs. It implies a commitment to provide security and support. '防护' is often a component of '保障'. For example, '社会保障' (social security/welfare) might include '医疗防护' (medical protection). '保障' is a broader guarantee of well-being, while '防护' is a specific method to achieve that security.

政府‘保障’公民的言论自由。(The government 'guarantees' citizens' freedom of speech.) vs. 噪音‘防护’可以保护我们的听力。(Noise 'protection' can safeguard our hearing.)

文型パターン

A2

[Noun] + 有 + [Type of Protection] + 防护。

这件衣服有防雨防护。

A2

请 + [Verb] + [Object] + 防护。

请戴好防护手套。

B1

为了 + [Goal], 我们需要 + 加强/采取 + [Type of Protection] + 防护。

为了防止病毒传播，我们需要加强个人防护。

B1

[Object] + 提供/具有 + [Quality] + 的 + 防护。

这种材料具有良好的隔热防护。

B2

面对 + [Challenge], [Subject] + 必须 + 加大 + 在 + [Area] + 的 + 防护 + 投入。

面对日益增长的网络攻击，企业必须加大在信息防护方面的投入。

B2

[Subject] + 呼吁 + [Object] + 提高 + 对 + [Thing] + 的 + 防护 + 意识。

环保部门呼吁公众提高对生态系统的防护意识。

C1

构建 + [Type of Protection] + 体系 + 至关重要。

构建坚不可摧的信息防护体系至关重要。

C1

必须 + 不断 + 评估和升级 + 现有 + 防护 + 机制。

我们必须不断评估和升级现有防护机制。

語族

名詞

防护
保护
防卫
防御
防范
保障

動詞

防护 (as in to protect, though less common as a verb on its own)
保护 (to protect)
防卫 (to defend)
防御 (to defend)
防范 (to guard against)
遮蔽 (to cover/shield)

形容詞

防护性的 (fánghù xìng de - protective)
安全 (ānquán - safe)
防滑 (fánghuá - anti-slip)
防水 (fángshuǐ - waterproof)

関連

防 (fáng - to prevent, guard against)
护 (hù - to protect, guard)
安 (ān - safe, secure)
全 (quán - complete, whole, safe)
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使い方

frequency

High

よくある間違い
  • Confusing '防护' with '保护' when '保护' is more appropriate. → Use '保护' for general protection of rights, well-being, or abstract concepts. Use '防护' for specific measures against tangible harm.

    For instance, saying '我需要防护我的家人' (I need to 'fánghù' my family) is incorrect; it should be '我需要保护我的家人' (Wǒ xūyào bǎohù wǒ de jiārén - I need to protect my family). '防护' implies specific protective gear or actions against physical danger.

  • Incorrectly forming compound words or placing '防护' where '防' should be. → Understand that '防' often precedes the object it prevents (e.g., '防雨' - rain prevention), while '防护' is the noun for protection itself or a type of protection.

    Instead of '防护水功能' (fánghù shuǐ gōngnéng), the correct term for waterproof is '防水' (fángshuǐ). Similarly, '防晒' (fángshài) is sun protection, not '防护晒'.

  • Using '防护' when a more specific term is available or more common. → Choose the most precise term. For example, while '网络防护' (network protection) is understandable, '网络安全' (network security) is often preferred in cybersecurity contexts.

    In many technical fields, specific terms are preferred. For instance, in cybersecurity, '网络安全' (wǎngluò ānquán) is more standard than just '网络防护' (wǎngluò fánghù), although the latter is still valid.

  • Mispronouncing 'fáng' or 'hù'. → Ensure the 'ang' in 'fáng' is a nasal sound and the 'u' in 'hù' is a clear long 'oo' sound. Stress the second syllable: fánghù.

    Incorrect pronunciation can lead to misunderstanding. Pay attention to the nasalization in 'fáng' and the vowel sound in 'hù'.

  • Treating '防护' as a verb meaning 'to protect' in all contexts. → While '防' can be a verb, '防护' is primarily a noun. Use verbs like '保护' (bǎohù) or '防卫' (fángwèi) when the action of protecting is intended.

    Saying '我防护他' (Wǒ fánghù tā - I protect him) is less common and natural than '我保护他' (Wǒ bǎohù tā - I protect him). '防护' refers more to the protection itself or the means of protection.

ヒント

Mastering the Sounds

Pay close attention to the nasal 'ang' sound in 'fáng' and the clear 'u' sound in 'hù'. Practice saying 'fánghù' several times, ensuring the stress falls on the second syllable. Listening to native speakers is crucial for accurate pronunciation.

Learning Compound Words

Focus on learning '防护' as part of common compound words like '安全防护' (safety protection) and '个人防护' (personal protection). This will help you understand its usage in context and expand your vocabulary efficiently.

Noun Usage

'防护' is primarily a noun. Use it as the object of verbs like '加强' (strengthen), '提供' (provide), or '需要' (need). For example, '我们需要加强防护' (We need to strengthen protection).

Real-World Application

Look for '防护' in product descriptions, safety manuals, news articles about security, or public health announcements. Observing its use in real-world scenarios will solidify your understanding.

Protect vs. Safeguard

Remember that '防护' often implies taking specific measures against tangible harm, like wearing safety gear, whereas '保护' can be broader, including safeguarding rights or well-being. Use '防护' when discussing physical safety and preventative measures.

Visual Association

Visualize a knight's shield ('护') with a fortress wall ('防') pattern on it. This strong visual can help you remember that '防护' means robust protection against threats.

Using in Sentences

Practice creating simple sentences. For example: '这个头盔提供很好的防护。' (This helmet offers good protection.) or '我们需要做更多的防护。' (We need to do more protection.)

Recognizing the Word

When you hear 'fánghù', try to identify the context. Is it about personal safety, cybersecurity, or something else? This will help you grasp the specific meaning being conveyed.

Beyond Literal Meaning

Be aware of idioms like '防不胜防' (impossible to guard against everything). Understanding these nuances will enhance your comprehension and fluency.

Regular Practice

Consistently review the word and its usage in different contexts. Regular practice, through exercises and real-life application, is key to mastering any new vocabulary.

暗記しよう

記憶術

Imagine a knight wearing '防' (fáng - like a fortress wall) armor and carrying a '护' (hù - like a shield) to protect himself in battle. The combination of the fortress-like armor and the shield ensures his complete protection.

視覚的連想

Picture a strong, thick shield with the character '防' inscribed on it, and a hand holding it firmly, representing '护'. The shield is a clear visual of protection.

Word Web

Protection Safety Defense Safeguard Shielding Security Prevention Barrier

チャレンジ

Try to describe three different situations where you would need '防护' (fánghù). Think about personal safety, property security, and environmental concerns. For each situation, explain what kind of '防护' would be most effective.

語源

The word '防护' is a compound word formed from two Chinese characters: '防' (fáng) and '护' (hù). Both characters relate to the concept of protection and defense.

元の意味： '防' (fáng) originally meant to build a wall or barrier to prevent floods. Over time, its meaning expanded to include guarding against, defending, and preventing all kinds of dangers or harm. '护' (hù) originally depicted a hand protecting something, signifying to protect, guard, escort, or shelter.

Sino-Tibetan

文化的な背景

The term '防护' is generally neutral and widely applicable. However, in discussions about national defense or security, it can carry political connotations. When discussing personal protective equipment in contexts like pandemics or hazardous work, it's important to be sensitive to the potential risks and the necessity of such measures.

In English-speaking cultures, 'protection' is a very common word, used in similar contexts from personal safety (e.g., 'child protection') to national defense ('national security' and 'defense'). The nuances between 'protection' and 'safeguard' in English might loosely parallel some distinctions between '保护' and '防护' in Chinese.

The Great Wall of China is a massive example of national '防护' (defense/protection) against invaders. Traditional Chinese medicine often emphasizes '防护' through diet, herbs, and lifestyle to prevent illness. In martial arts, the concept of '防御' (defense) and the use of '防护' techniques are central.

実生活で練習する

実際の使用場面

Workplace safety

  • 职业防护 (zhíyè fánghù)
  • 安全防护措施 (ānquán fánghù cuòshī)
  • 个人防护装备 (gèrén fánghù zhuāngbèi)

Product features

  • 防晒防护 (fángshài fánghù)
  • 防水防护 (fángshuǐ fánghù)
  • 防刮防护 (fángguā fánghù)

Public health

  • 疾病防护 (jíbìng fánghù)
  • 个人防护 (gèrén fánghù)
  • 健康防护 (jiànkāng fánghù)

Cybersecurity

  • 网络防护 (wǎngluò fánghù)
  • 信息防护 (xìnxī fánghù)
  • 数据防护 (shùjù fánghù)

National/Military defense

  • 国家防护 (guójiā fánghù)
  • 边境防护 (biānjìng fánghù)
  • 军事防护 (jūnshì fánghù)

会話のきっかけ

"What kind of protective gear do you think is most important for daily life?"

"How can we improve personal protection against everyday hazards?"

"What are some common safety protection measures in your country's workplaces?"

"Do you think technology is making it easier or harder to protect ourselves from threats?"

"What are your thoughts on the balance between personal freedom and the need for protection?"

日記のテーマ

Describe a time you needed to use protective gear. What was it and why was it necessary?

Think about a product you use regularly. What kind of protection does it offer, and how important is that protection to you?

Imagine you are designing a new safety feature for a common object. What would it be and how would it provide protection?

Reflect on the difference between 'protection' and 'security'. How do these concepts relate to the word '防护'?

Consider the environmental challenges we face. What kind of '防护' measures are needed to protect our planet for future generations?

よくある質問

10 問

'防护' (fánghù) specifically refers to protective measures taken against tangible threats, dangers, or harm, often involving physical barriers or equipment. Think of safety gear or structural defenses. '保护' (bǎohù) is a more general term for protection, covering safeguarding rights, well-being, and abstract concepts. For instance, you '保护' your rights, but you use '防护' gear to protect yourself from injury.

'防护' is often used as the second character in compound words that specify the type of protection. For example, '防晒防护' (fángshài fánghù) for sun protection, or '信息防护' (xìnxī fánghù) for information protection. The first character or word indicates what is being protected against or the nature of the protection.

While '防护' is primarily a noun, the character '防' (fáng) itself can function as a verb meaning 'to prevent' or 'to guard against'. In some contexts, '防护' might be understood colloquially as 'to protect', but it's more commonly used as a noun referring to the protection itself or the measures taken.

Common examples include wearing helmets for cycling ('头盔防护' - tóukuī fánghù), using sunscreen for sun protection ('防晒防护' - fángshài fánghù), wearing masks for health protection ('口罩防护' - kǒuzhào fánghù), and using protective cases for electronics ('手机壳防护' - shǒujī ké fánghù).

Yes, '防护' is very common in technical and specialized fields. You'll find it in cybersecurity ('网络防护' - wǎngluò fánghù), engineering ('结构防护' - jiégòu fánghù), medicine ('医疗防护' - yīliáo fánghù), and military contexts ('军事防护' - jūnshì fánghù).

'防护' is the most general term for protection against harm. '防卫' and '防御' are more specific to defense, often against attacks or enemies, and imply an active, strategic stance. '防护' can include passive measures, while '防卫' and '防御' usually imply active resistance.

'加强防护' (jiāqiáng fánghù) means 'to strengthen protection' or 'to enhance security measures'. It's used when there's a need to improve existing protective systems or protocols.

While '防护' primarily relates to physical or tangible protection, it can sometimes be used metaphorically for psychological defense mechanisms or emotional shielding, though '保护' (bǎohù) is more commonly used for emotional well-being and safeguarding.

Some common phrases include '安全防护' (safety protection), '个人防护' (personal protection), '防护措施' (protective measures), and '防护装备' (protective equipment).

Try creating sentences describing different safety scenarios, either personal, professional, or societal. Also, practice differentiating it from similar words like '保护' by creating contrasting sentences.

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