Overview
The Chinese word '休克' (xiūkè) directly translates to 'shock' in a medical context. It describes a severe, life-threatening condition where the body isn't getting enough blood flow. This lack of blood flow means the cells and organs aren't receiving enough oxygen and nutrients to function properly. As a result, many organs can be damaged, and if left untreated, shock can lead to organ failure and death.
'休克' can be caused by a variety of factors. For example, significant blood loss from an injury (hemorrhagic shock), severe infections (septic shock), a sudden allergic reaction (anaphylactic shock), heart problems that prevent it from pumping enough blood (cardiogenic shock), or damage to the nervous system (neurogenic shock) are all common causes. Each type of shock has its own specific underlying mechanisms, but the end result is the same: inadequate tissue perfusion.
The symptoms of '休克' can vary depending on the cause and severity, but generally include a rapid, weak pulse; low blood pressure; rapid, shallow breathing; cold, clammy skin; confusion or disorientation; and reduced urine output. In its early stages, the body may try to compensate by increasing heart rate and constricting blood vessels, but eventually, these compensatory mechanisms fail.
Immediate medical attention is crucial for someone experiencing '休克'. Treatment typically involves identifying and addressing the underlying cause, restoring blood volume (often with intravenous fluids or blood transfusions), and supporting vital organ function. This could involve medications to raise blood pressure, oxygen therapy, or even surgery in some cases. The prognosis for '休克' depends heavily on the speed of diagnosis and treatment, as well as the underlying cause and the patient's overall health.
例文
病人突然休克，把家人都吓坏了。
Describes a sudden medical emergency.The patient suddenly went into shock, scaring his family.
医生说他失血过多导致休克。
Explaining the cause of medical shock.The doctor said he went into shock due to excessive blood loss.
经济休克疗法对一些国家来说是痛苦的。
Used metaphorically in an economic context.Economic 'shock therapy' is painful for some countries.
他被突如其来的消息震惊得休克了。
Figurative use, implying extreme emotional shock.He was so shocked by the sudden news that he 'went into shock' (figuratively).
经过抢救，休克的病人终于苏醒过来。
Describing the recovery from medical shock.After emergency treatment, the patient in shock finally regained consciousness.
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よく混同される語
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使い方
使い方のコツ
When using '休克,' it's important to distinguish between its literal medical meaning and its metaphorical uses. In a medical context, it's used directly, e.g., '病人休克了' (bìngrén xiūkèle) - 'The patient went into shock.' When used metaphorically, it often appears in phrases like '休克疗法' (xiūkè liáofǎ) - 'shock therapy,' referring to a sudden, drastic policy change, especially in economics. Another example is '社会休克' (shèhuì xiūkè) - 'social shock,' describing a profound societal disruption. While widely understood, it's less common to use '休克' in casual conversation to describe personal emotional shock; terms like '震惊' (zhènjīng - astonished, shocked) or '吓一跳' (xià yī tiào - startled, jumped in fright) are more appropriate for emotional reactions. Ensure the context clearly indicates whether a medical or metaphorical sense is intended.
よくある間違い
A common mistake might be to confuse 休克 (xiūkè) with other medical terms, especially those related to fainting or unconsciousness that aren't specifically 'shock' in the medical sense. Another mistake could be mispronouncing the tones, as both characters have distinct tones that can change the meaning if incorrect. For instance, confusing 克 (kè) with 渴 (kě, thirsty) or 刻 (kè, carve/quarter hour) could lead to misunderstanding. Additionally, some learners might mistakenly use it as a verb for general surprise or being startled, rather than its specific medical context of physiological shock.
ヒント
Usage Context: Medical and Figurative
'休克' (xiūkè) literally translates to 'shock' and is primarily used in medical contexts to describe a state of medical shock, such as hemorrhagic shock, cardiogenic shock, or anaphylactic shock. For example, '病人休克了' (Bìngrén xiūkèle) means 'The patient went into shock.' Figuratively, it can also describe a state of extreme surprise, paralysis, or collapse in non-medical situations, though this usage is less common than the medical one. For instance, one might say '市场休克了' (Shìchǎng xiūkèle) to describe a market that has completely shut down or is in a state of extreme crisis, though '崩溃' (bēngkuì - collapse) or '停滞' (tíngzhì - stagnation) might be more common for economic contexts.
Distinction from Emotional Shock
It's crucial to distinguish '休克' from emotional shock or surprise. While English uses 'shock' for both medical conditions and emotional reactions, Chinese typically uses different terms for emotional states. For emotional shock or surprise, words like '震惊' (zhènjīng - to be shocked, astonished), '吃惊' (chījīng - to be surprised), or '惊吓' (jīngxià - to be frightened, startled) are more appropriate. Using '休克' to describe being emotionally shocked would sound unnatural and potentially confusing to a native speaker, as it carries a strong connotation of a severe physiological response. For example, '他听到这个消息后休克了' (Tā tīngdào zhège xiāoxī hòu xiūkèle) would imply he went into medical shock, not just emotional shock.
Common Collocations and Phrases
Several common collocations and phrases help illustrate the usage of '休克'. These include: '休克状态' (xiūkè zhuàngtài - state of shock), referring to the medical condition; '失血性休克' (shīxuèxìng xiūkè - hemorrhagic shock); '感染性休克' (gǎnrǎnxìng xiūkè - septic shock); '过敏性休克' (guòmǐnxìng xiūkè - anaphylactic shock); and '休克疗法' (xiūkè liáofǎ - shock therapy), which can refer to a medical treatment or a drastic economic measure. Understanding these collocations provides a clearer picture of how '休克' is used in practical contexts, primarily reinforcing its medical meaning.
文化的な背景
The term '休克' (xiūkè) in Chinese directly translates to 'shock' in a medical sense, referring to a life-threatening condition where the body isn't getting enough blood flow. Culturally, while the direct medical meaning is understood, the term can also be used metaphorically in common parlance. For example, '经济休克' (jīngjì xiūkè) means 'economic shock' or 'economic collapse,' indicating a severe downturn or crisis in the economy. This extension of meaning shows how a precise medical term can be adopted to describe similar states of severe dysfunction or collapse in other contexts. It's a fairly straightforward term without deep historical or philosophical connotations beyond its medical and metaphorical applications, reflecting a practical approach to language.
覚え方のコツ
The first character, 休 (xiū), means 'rest' or 'stop,' and the second character, 克 (kè), can mean 'overcome' or 'gram.' Imagine someone needing to 'rest' to 'overcome' a sudden medical crisis, like going into shock.
よくある質問
4 問'休克' (xiū kè) in Chinese translates to 'to go into shock' or 'to suffer from medical shock.' It describes a critical medical condition where there is a sudden and severe reduction in blood flow throughout the body, leading to insufficient oxygen delivery to the tissues and organs. This can be life-threatening and requires immediate medical attention. It can be caused by various factors, including severe injury, infection, heart attack, or allergic reactions.
Certainly. You could say, '伤者因失血过多而休克' (Shāng zhě yīn shī xuè guò duō ér xiū kè), which means 'The injured person went into shock due to excessive blood loss.' Another example could be, '医生正在抢救休克病人' (Yī shēng zhèng zài qiǎng jiù xiū kè bìng rén), meaning 'The doctors are trying to save the patient who is in shock.'
'休克' can be triggered by several medical emergencies. Common causes include severe trauma with significant blood loss (hypovolemic shock), a severe allergic reaction (anaphylactic shock), a massive infection (septic shock), heart attack or heart failure (cardiogenic shock), and damage to the nervous system (neurogenic shock). Each type of shock has distinct underlying mechanisms but all result in compromised tissue perfusion.
Someone experiencing '休克' may show a range of symptoms. These often include pale, cool, and clammy skin, a rapid and weak pulse, rapid and shallow breathing, low blood pressure, dizziness or lightheadedness, confusion, and anxiety. In severe cases, they may lose consciousness. Recognizing these symptoms promptly is crucial for timely medical intervention and improving the patient's prognosis.
自分をテスト
病人因失血过多而_______了。
医生正在努力挽救_______的病人。
听到这个突如其来的噩耗，她几乎当场_______。
スコア： /3
Usage Context: Medical and Figurative
'休克' (xiūkè) literally translates to 'shock' and is primarily used in medical contexts to describe a state of medical shock, such as hemorrhagic shock, cardiogenic shock, or anaphylactic shock. For example, '病人休克了' (Bìngrén xiūkèle) means 'The patient went into shock.' Figuratively, it can also describe a state of extreme surprise, paralysis, or collapse in non-medical situations, though this usage is less common than the medical one. For instance, one might say '市场休克了' (Shìchǎng xiūkèle) to describe a market that has completely shut down or is in a state of extreme crisis, though '崩溃' (bēngkuì - collapse) or '停滞' (tíngzhì - stagnation) might be more common for economic contexts.
Distinction from Emotional Shock
It's crucial to distinguish '休克' from emotional shock or surprise. While English uses 'shock' for both medical conditions and emotional reactions, Chinese typically uses different terms for emotional states. For emotional shock or surprise, words like '震惊' (zhènjīng - to be shocked, astonished), '吃惊' (chījīng - to be surprised), or '惊吓' (jīngxià - to be frightened, startled) are more appropriate. Using '休克' to describe being emotionally shocked would sound unnatural and potentially confusing to a native speaker, as it carries a strong connotation of a severe physiological response. For example, '他听到这个消息后休克了' (Tā tīngdào zhège xiāoxī hòu xiūkèle) would imply he went into medical shock, not just emotional shock.
Common Collocations and Phrases
Several common collocations and phrases help illustrate the usage of '休克'. These include: '休克状态' (xiūkè zhuàngtài - state of shock), referring to the medical condition; '失血性休克' (shīxuèxìng xiūkè - hemorrhagic shock); '感染性休克' (gǎnrǎnxìng xiūkè - septic shock); '过敏性休克' (guòmǐnxìng xiūkè - anaphylactic shock); and '休克疗法' (xiūkè liáofǎ - shock therapy), which can refer to a medical treatment or a drastic economic measure. Understanding these collocations provides a clearer picture of how '休克' is used in practical contexts, primarily reinforcing its medical meaning.
例文
5 / 5病人突然休克，把家人都吓坏了。
The patient suddenly went into shock, scaring his family.
医生说他失血过多导致休克。
The doctor said he went into shock due to excessive blood loss.
经济休克疗法对一些国家来说是痛苦的。
Economic 'shock therapy' is painful for some countries.
他被突如其来的消息震惊得休克了。
He was so shocked by the sudden news that he 'went into shock' (figuratively).
经过抢救，休克的病人终于苏醒过来。
After emergency treatment, the patient in shock finally regained consciousness.
関連コンテンツ
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一粒
A2One pill; a grain (for small, round objects like pills).
一片
A2One tablet; a slice (for flat objects like pills).
不正常
A2abnormal
以上
A2Above, over (a number)
酸痛
A2Sore; aching (especially muscles).
倒是
A2On the contrary; actually.
针灸
A2Acupuncture; traditional Chinese therapy.
扎针
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急性
B1acute (illness)
急性病
B1Acute disease.
