Shock is a severe medical condition where the body's vital functions are critically impaired, often requiring immediate medical attention.
Word in 30 Seconds
- Sudden, life-threatening condition.
- Body's circulation fails; organs suffer.
- Can be physical or emotional shock.
Overview
休克（xiū kè）是一个医学术语，描述了身体在极端压力下的反应。当身体无法维持足够的血液流向重要器官时，就会发生休克。这可能由失血过多、严重感染、心脏病发作、过敏反应或剧烈的情感冲击引起。休克是一种需要立即医疗干预的紧急情况。
在日常语境中，“休克”主要用于描述由意外的、令人震惊的消息或事件引起的强烈情绪反应，类似于“震惊”或“大吃一惊”。在医学语境中，它特指一种生理上的危急状态。
日常对话：形容某人听到令人难以置信的消息时的反应，如“他听到这个消息后简直休克了”。
晕厥是指暂时性的意识丧失，通常是由于大脑供血不足引起的。晕厥可能是休克的一种症状，但休克比晕厥更复杂，涉及全身循环系统的问题。例如，“他突然晕厥在地。”
惊吓是指受到突然的惊恐刺激而感到害怕。它是一种情绪反应，可能导致心跳加速、出汗等生理反应，但通常不会达到休克的严重程度。例如，“那只突然出现的猫把他吓了一跳。”
震惊通常指精神上的强烈冲击，是由于意想不到的事情而感到惊讶或难以置信。它不一定涉及生理上的危急状态。例如，“这个消息让我很震惊。”
Examples
车祸现场有人受了重伤，看起来像是休克了。
everydaySomeone was seriously injured at the accident scene and appeared to be in shock.
听到这个令人震惊的消息，他几乎休克。
informalUpon hearing the shocking news, he was almost in shock.
失血过多是导致失血性休克的主要原因。
academicExcessive blood loss is the primary cause of hypovolemic shock.
她因为严重的过敏反应而陷入休克。
medicalShe went into shock due to a severe allergic reaction.
Common Collocations
Common Phrases
休克了
went into shock
休克疗法
shock therapy
心源性休克
cardiogenic shock
Often Confused With
'震惊' refers to a strong emotional or mental surprise, while '休克' in its medical sense is a severe physiological condition.
'晕厥' is a temporary loss of consciousness, often due to insufficient blood flow to the brain. It can be a symptom of shock, but shock is a broader systemic failure.
Grammar Patterns
How to Use It
Usage Notes
In everyday conversation, '休克' is often used hyperbolically to express extreme surprise or disbelief, similar to 'I was shocked!' in English. However, it's crucial to distinguish this figurative usage from its serious medical meaning. When referring to a medical emergency, use it precisely.
Common Mistakes
Learners might overuse '休克' for any surprising event, failing to reserve it for truly impactful situations or its medical context. Conversely, they might not use it when a medical situation genuinely describes shock. Always consider the severity and context.
Tips
Distinguish Medical vs. Emotional Shock
Remember '休克' can refer to a serious medical emergency or a strong emotional reaction. Context is key to understanding the intended meaning.
Medical Emergency Recognition
If you suspect someone is in medical shock, prioritize calling emergency services immediately. Prompt action is critical.
Figurative Use in Language
In everyday Chinese, '休克' is often used figuratively to express extreme surprise or disbelief, similar to how 'shocked' is used in English.
Word Origin
The word '休克' is a phonetic loanword from the English word 'shock'. It entered Chinese to describe the medical condition and later also took on a figurative meaning for extreme surprise.
Cultural Context
While 'shock' exists in many cultures, the Chinese usage of '休克' mirrors the English dual meaning: a severe medical event and a strong emotional reaction to something unexpected or unbelievable.
Memory Tip
Think of '休' (rest/stop) and '克' (overcome/restrain). When the body 'stops' functioning properly and is 'overcome' by a crisis, it leads to shock.
Frequently Asked Questions
4 questions不完全是。震惊（zhèn jīng）通常指精神上的强烈冲击，是一种情绪反应。而休克（xiū kè）在医学上是一种危及生命的生理状态，是身体循环系统出现严重问题的表现。
休克的原因有很多，包括大出血、严重感染、心脏病、脱水、过敏反应、烧伤或剧烈的精神创伤等。
休克症状可能包括皮肤湿冷、苍白或发青、脉搏快而弱、呼吸浅快、意识模糊或丧失、血压急剧下降等。
是的，休克是可能被治愈的，但关键在于及时诊断和快速有效的医疗干预。治疗目标是恢复血液循环和氧气供应，并处理引起休克的根本原因。
Test Yourself
听到儿子意外去世的消息，她几乎无法承受，感觉整个世界都_____了。
这里描述的是一个极度令人震惊且可能导致生理和心理双重打击的事件，用“休克”更能体现其严重性和冲击力，暗示了可能不仅仅是情绪上的震惊，也可能引发生理上的反应。
医学上的休克最准确的描述是：
医学上的休克是指身体循环系统功能衰竭，无法为器官提供足够的氧气和营养，是一种危及生命的状况。
请用“休克”和“严重出血”来描述一个紧急医疗情况。
“严重出血”是导致“休克”的一个常见原因，所以“严重出血可能导致病人休克”的因果关系表述最准确和常见。
Score: /3
Summary
Shock is a severe medical condition where the body's vital functions are critically impaired, often requiring immediate medical attention.
- Sudden, life-threatening condition.
- Body's circulation fails; organs suffer.
- Can be physical or emotional shock.
Distinguish Medical vs. Emotional Shock
Remember '休克' can refer to a serious medical emergency or a strong emotional reaction. Context is key to understanding the intended meaning.
Medical Emergency Recognition
If you suspect someone is in medical shock, prioritize calling emergency services immediately. Prompt action is critical.
Figurative Use in Language
In everyday Chinese, '休克' is often used figuratively to express extreme surprise or disbelief, similar to how 'shocked' is used in English.
Examples
4 of 4车祸现场有人受了重伤，看起来像是休克了。
Someone was seriously injured at the accident scene and appeared to be in shock.
听到这个令人震惊的消息，他几乎休克。
Upon hearing the shocking news, he was almost in shock.
失血过多是导致失血性休克的主要原因。
Excessive blood loss is the primary cause of hypovolemic shock.
她因为严重的过敏反应而陷入休克。
She went into shock due to a severe allergic reaction.
