vaske 30秒了解
- Vaske means to wash with water and soap.
- It is used for hands, clothes, cars, and floors.
- The phrasal verb 'vaske op' specifically means washing dishes.
- It is a regular verb (vasker, vaskede, vasket).
The Danish verb at vaske is one of the most fundamental actions you will learn in the Danish language. At its core, it refers to the process of cleaning something using water and, typically, a cleaning agent like soap or detergent. Whether you are performing personal hygiene, doing household chores, or maintaining your belongings, vaske is the go-to term for water-based cleaning.
- Personal Hygiene
- Used for washing hands, face, or the body. In Danish culture, cleanliness is highly valued, and the phrase 'vaske hænder' (wash hands) is heard constantly in homes and schools.
- Laundry
- The act of doing laundry is called 'at vaske tøj'. This is a central part of Danish domestic life, often involving the use of communal laundry rooms (vaskerier) in apartment buildings.
- Objects and Surfaces
- From washing the car (vaske bilen) to washing the floor (vaske gulv), any surface that requires scrubbing with water falls under this verb's domain.
Husk altid at vaske dine hænder før maden.
In Denmark, the concept of 'vaske' extends into social responsibility. During the pandemic, the phrase 'vask hænder' became a national mantra. It is a word associated with freshness, health, and order. Danes also use it in specific compound forms like 'opvaske' (to wash dishes), which is a separate but related concept. While 'vaske' is the action, the result is often described as 'ren' (clean).
Jeg skal vaske mit tøj i dag.
When you visit a Danish home, you might be asked to take off your shoes. This is because the floors have been recently 'vasket' (washed), and keeping them clean is a sign of respect for the household. The verb also appears in metaphorical contexts, such as 'vaske tavlen ren' (to wash the slate clean), meaning to start over without past mistakes weighing you down.
Kan du hjælpe mig med at vaske bilen?
Using vaske correctly requires understanding its conjugation and its relationship with reflexive pronouns. As a regular Group 1 verb, its forms are predictable, which is great for learners.
- The Present Tense
- Adding '-r' to the infinitive gives you 'vasker'. Example: 'Han vasker sine hænder' (He washes his hands).
- The Past Tense
- Adding '-de' gives you 'vaskede'. Example: 'Jeg vaskede gulvet i går' (I washed the floor yesterday).
- The Reflexive Form
- When washing yourself, use 'vaske sig'. Example: 'Børnene vasker sig' (The children are washing themselves).
Vi vasker op efter aftensmaden.
Notice how 'vaske op' (washing up/dishes) uses the particle 'op'. This is a phrasal verb. If you just say 'vaske tallerkenerne', it's technically correct but less natural than saying 'tage opvasken' or 'vaske op'. Another common pattern is 'vaske' followed by a noun without an article when referring to general chores, like 'vaske tøj'.
Hun har vasket vinduerne, så de skinner.
In formal settings, you might see 'afvaske', which implies a more thorough or technical washing, often used in medical or industrial contexts. However, for 99% of daily interactions, 'vaske' is the appropriate and sufficient verb. Remember that Danish word order usually places the verb in the second position (V2 rule), so 'I dag vasker jeg' is the standard way to start a sentence with a time expression.
You will encounter vaske in various real-world scenarios across Denmark. It is a word that bridges the gap between private home life and public service industries.
- At the Laundromat (Møntvask)
- In bigger cities like Copenhagen or Aarhus, you'll see signs for 'Møntvask'. Inside, instructions will tell you how to 'vaske' your clothes at different temperatures (grader).
- In the Kitchen
- Parents constantly tell their children: 'Har du vasket hænder?' before they sit down at the 'spisebord'. It's a fundamental part of Danish upbringing.
- At the Car Wash (Vaskehal)
- Gas stations often have a 'vaskehal' where you can pay for a 'bilvask'. The machine will 'vaske' the car automatically.
Der er en lang kø ved vaskehallen i dag.
You will also hear it in news reports or health campaigns. During flu seasons, health authorities (Sundhedsstyrelsen) release posters with the headline 'Vask hænder - så du ikke bliver syg' (Wash hands - so you don't get sick). The word is also common in commercials for detergents (vaskemiddel) or fabric softeners (skyllemiddel).
Hvilket program skal jeg vaske denne trøje på?
Even though vaske is straightforward, English speakers often trip up on specific Danish nuances and phrasal constructions.
- Vaske vs. Vaske op
- In English, you 'wash the dishes'. In Danish, if you say 'jeg vasker tallerkenerne', it sounds like you are literally scrubbing them with a brush in a general sense. The idiomatic way to say 'doing the dishes' is 'vaske op'.
- Vaske vs. Rense
- Learners often use 'vaske' for everything. However, if you take a suit to the dry cleaners, you 'renser' it. 'Vaske' implies the use of a washing machine or a bucket of water.
- Reflexive Pronouns
- In English, we say 'I wash'. In Danish, you must say 'Jeg vasker mig' (I wash myself) if you are referring to your body. Leaving out the 'mig' makes the sentence feel incomplete or suggests you are washing an unspecified object.
Forkert: Jeg vasker før jeg går i seng. (Missing 'mig')
Another mistake is using 'vaske' for brushing teeth. In Danish, you 'børster tænder'. Similarly, you don't 'vaske' your hair; you 'vasker hår' (correct) or 'vasker sit hår', but many Danes just say 'vaske hår' as a fixed expression.
Rigtigt: Jeg skal vaske op nu.
While vaske is the most common word, Danish has several synonyms and related terms that offer more precision depending on the context.
- Skylle (To Rinse)
- Used when you just run water over something without soap. 'Skyl æblet før du spiser det' (Rinse the apple before you eat it).
- Rense (To Clean/Purify)
- Often used for chemical cleaning, dry cleaning, or cleaning a wound. 'Han rensede såret' (He cleaned the wound).
- Gøre rent (To Clean Up)
- A general term for cleaning a room or a whole house. It includes vacuuming, dusting, and washing.
- Skrubbe (To Scrub)
- Implies using force or a brush to remove dirt. 'Du skal skrubbe gulvet hårdt'.
Jeg vil hellere skylle glasset end at vaske det med sæbe.
Choosing the right word shows your level of fluency. Use 'vaske' for clothes and hands, 'vaske op' for dishes, 'rense' for delicate items, and 'gøre rent' for the weekly house cleaning. If you are using a high-pressure hose, the word is 'spule' (to hosedown).
How Formal Is It?
"De ansatte skal afvaske alle overflader."
"Jeg vasker lige mine hænder."
"Gider du vaske op?"
"Se, hvordan bamsen vasker sig!"
"Han fik en ordentlig vasker."
趣味小知识
The word 'vaske' has remained remarkably stable in meaning for over a thousand years in Scandinavia.
发音指南
- Pronouncing 'sk' as a sharp English 'sk' (it should be softer, closer to 'sg').
- Pronouncing the final 'e' as 'ee' instead of a soft schwa.
- Making the 'v' sound like a 'w'.
难度评级
Very easy to recognize as it looks like 'wash'.
Easy conjugation, but remember the 'e' at the end.
Soft 'sk' sound can be tricky for beginners.
Distinct sound, usually clear in speech.
接下来学什么
前置知识
接下来学习
高级
需要掌握的语法
Group 1 Verbs
vaske -> vasker -> vaskede -> vasket
Reflexive Pronouns
Jeg vasker mig, du vasker dig, han vasker sig.
Phrasal Verbs
Vaske op (dishes), Vaske af (wash off).
V2 Rule
Nu vasker jeg hænder. (Verb is 2nd).
Passive -s
Tøjet vaskes ved 60 grader.
按水平分级的例句
Jeg vasker mine hænder.
I wash my hands.
Present tense 'vasker'.
Vil du vaske bilen?
Do you want to wash the car?
Infinitive after 'vil'.
Hun vasker tøj hver mandag.
She washes clothes every Monday.
Subject-Verb-Object.
Vask dine hænder nu!
Wash your hands now!
Imperative 'vask'.
Vi vasker gulvet.
We are washing the floor.
Present continuous sense.
Kan du vaske æblet?
Can you wash the apple?
Modal verb 'kan' + infinitive.
Hunden skal vaskes.
The dog needs to be washed.
Passive infinitive 'vaskes'.
Jeg vasker mig om morgenen.
I wash (myself) in the morning.
Reflexive 'mig'.
Jeg vaskede op i går.
I did the dishes yesterday.
Past tense 'vaskede'.
Har du vasket dit hår?
Have you washed your hair?
Present perfect 'har vasket'.
Han vasker altid sine hænder grundigt.
He always washes his hands thoroughly.
Adverb 'grundigt' placement.
Vi skal vaske vinduerne i weekenden.
We are going to wash the windows this weekend.
Future intent with 'skal'.
Vaskemaskinen vasker tøjet nu.
The washing machine is washing the clothes now.
Noun 'vaskemaskine'.
Jeg glemte at vaske min kop.
I forgot to wash my cup.
'at' + infinitive.
Mor vaskede barnets ansigt.
Mom washed the child's face.
Possessive 'barnets'.
De vaskede deres cykler sammen.
They washed their bikes together.
Plural possessive 'deres'.
Hvis du vasker tøjet, så tørrer jeg det.
If you wash the clothes, I will dry them.
Conditional 'Hvis'.
Det er vigtigt at vaske grøntsagerne for at fjerne bakterier.
It is important to wash the vegetables to remove bacteria.
Infinitive phrase.
Jeg har vasket mine hænder for denne sag.
I have washed my hands of this matter.
Idiomatic usage.
Tøjet skal vaskes ved 40 grader.
The clothes must be washed at 40 degrees.
Passive with modal 'skal'.
Han vaskede sig hurtigt og tog afsted.
He washed quickly and left.
Reflexive past tense.
Hvor ofte vasker du dit sengetøj?
How often do you wash your bedding?
Interrogative sentence.
Vandet var for koldt til at vaske i.
The water was too cold to wash in.
Adjective + infinitive.
Hun vaskede gulvet med en moppe.
She washed the floor with a mop.
Instrumental 'med'.
Politikeren forsøgte at vaske sit ry rent.
The politician tried to wash his reputation clean.
Metaphorical 'vaske rent'.
Efter uheldet vaskede de blodet af asfalten.
After the accident, they washed the blood off the asphalt.
Prepositional 'af'.
Man bør ikke vaske uld i en almindelig vaskemaskine.
One should not wash wool in a regular washing machine.
Generic pronoun 'Man'.
Han vaskede sine hænder i uskyld.
He washed his hands in innocence.
Biblical idiom.
Det kræver meget vand at vaske en hel bus.
It requires a lot of water to wash a whole bus.
Impersonal 'Det'.
Vaskeanvisningen siger, at den kun må håndvaskes.
The washing instructions say it must only be hand-washed.
Compound verb 'håndvaskes'.
De vaskede deres beskidte tøj i offentligheden.
They washed their dirty laundry in public.
Idiom for private disputes.
Jeg vasker mine hænder for ansvaret.
I wash my hands of the responsibility.
Formal idiom.
Restaureringen indebar en forsigtig afvaskning af maleriet.
The restoration involved a careful washing of the painting.
Noun form 'afvaskning'.
Processen med at vaske guld kræver tålmodighed.
The process of washing gold requires patience.
Gerund-like 'at vaske'.
Han vaskede sig ren for alle anklager.
He washed himself clean of all accusations.
Reflexive + adjective.
Laboratorieudstyret skal vaskes i demineraliseret vand.
The laboratory equipment must be washed in demineralized water.
Technical context.
Det regnede så meget, at det vaskede vejen væk.
It rained so much that it washed the road away.
Phrasal verb 'vaske væk'.
Hun vaskede sine sorger væk med arbejde.
She washed her sorrows away with work.
Poetic usage.
At vaske hjerne er en teknik brugt af kultklubber.
Brainwashing is a technique used by cults.
Literal 'vaske hjerne' (brainwash).
Vasken af facaden tog flere uger.
The washing of the facade took several weeks.
Noun 'vasken'.
Den rituelle afvaskning fandt sted ved daggry.
The ritual washing took place at dawn.
Formal/Religious context.
Havet vasker mod kystens klipper.
The sea washes against the coastal rocks.
Literary personification.
Han vaskede sin mund med sæbe efter at have bandet.
He washed his mouth with soap after swearing.
Cultural reference.
En grundig afvaskning er nødvendig før operationen.
A thorough washing is necessary before the surgery.
Medical terminology.
Regnen vaskede støvet fra bladene.
The rain washed the dust from the leaves.
Nature description.
Han formåede at vaske pengene gennem en række dækselskaber.
He managed to wash the money through a series of shell companies.
Financial crime context.
Det er som at vaske en neger, det bliver aldrig hvidt.
It's like washing a Black person, it never turns white (Archaic/Offensive proverb).
Historical linguistic note (Avoid using).
Hun vaskede sine hænder i hans tårer.
She washed her hands in his tears.
Dark poetic usage.
常见搭配
常用短语
at vaske sig
at vaske tøj
at vaske op
en vask
vaske hænder i uskyld
vaske tavlen ren
vaske sig ren
vaske af
vaske væk
vaske efter
容易混淆的词
Rense is for dry cleaning or cleaning without water.
Børste is for teeth or hair (brushing).
Bade is for taking a full bath or swimming.
习语与表达
"at vaske sit beskidte tøj i offentligheden"
To discuss private or embarrassing matters in public.
De vaskede deres beskidte tøj i offentligheden.
informal"at vaske hænder"
To refuse to take responsibility for something.
Chefen vaskede sine hænder i sagen.
neutral"at vaske tavlen ren"
To forget past mistakes and start fresh.
Lad os vaske tavlen ren.
neutral"en vasker"
A 'wash' (slang for a failure or a specific type of prank involving snow).
Han gav ham en vasker i sneen.
slang"at vaske penge"
Money laundering.
De vaskede penge gennem casinoet.
legal"vaske op efter"
To fix the mess someone else made.
Jeg skal altid vaske op efter ham.
metaphorical"vaske hjerne"
To brainwash someone.
De forsøgte at vaske hans hjerne.
neutral"vaske sig ud af"
To try to get out of a problem by cleaning up appearances.
Han prøvede at vaske sig ud af problemet.
informal"vaske guld"
To look for gold in a river (literal but used for seeking fortune).
Han rejste til USA for at vaske guld.
historical"vaske munden med sæbe"
To punish someone for using bad language.
Du burde vaske din mund med sæbe!
informal容易混淆
English speakers just say 'wash'.
Vaske op is exclusively for dishes, cutlery, and pots.
Jeg vasker op efter middagen.
English often omits the reflexive.
In Danish, you must specify that you are washing yourself.
Han vasker sig i ansigtet.
It can be a noun or a verb.
Vask (noun) is the sink; Vask (verb) is the command to wash.
Læg det i vasken.
Both mean clean.
Vaske uses water/soap; Rense uses chemicals or is for delicate items.
Jeg vasker skjorten, men renser jakken.
Both involve water.
Skylle is just water; Vaske is water + soap + scrubbing.
Skyl dine hænder.
句型
Jeg vasker [noun].
Jeg vasker bilen.
Vask [noun]!
Vask hænder!
Jeg vasker op.
Jeg vasker op nu.
Jeg har vasket [noun].
Jeg har vasket tøj.
Jeg skal vaske [noun] før [clause].
Jeg skal vaske æblet før jeg spiser det.
[Noun] skal vaskes.
Gulvet skal vaskes.
At vaske [noun] er [adjective].
At vaske bil er kedeligt.
[Noun] blev vasket væk af [noun].
Huset blev vasket væk af floden.
词族
名词
动词
形容词
相关
如何使用
Extremely high in daily life.
记住它
记忆技巧
Imagine a 'Vase' that you 'ke' (keep) clean. Vaske!
视觉联想
Picture a washing machine with a big 'V' on it, spinning clothes in soapy water.
Word Web
挑战
Try to name five things in your house you can 'vaske' right now.
词源
Derived from Old Norse 'vaska'. It shares common Germanic roots with English 'wash' and German 'waschen'.
原始含义： To clean with water.
Indo-European, Germanic, North Germanic.文化背景
Be careful with the archaic proverb about washing skin color, as it is offensive today.
In English, we 'do' the laundry, but in Danish, we 'wash' clothes (vaske tøj).
在生活中练习
真实语境
At home
- Hvem vasker op?
- Jeg vasker tøj.
- Gulvet skal vaskes.
- Vask dine hænder.
At the doctor
- Vask såret.
- Har du vasket hænder?
- Brug sprit til at vaske.
- Afvask huden.
At the car wash
- Jeg skal have vasket bilen.
- Hvad koster en vask?
- Vaskehallen er lukket.
- Guldvask.
At a restaurant
- Hvor kan jeg vaske hænder?
- Tjeneren vasker glasset.
- Opvasken er stor.
- Vask grøntsagerne.
Personal care
- Jeg vasker hår.
- Vask dit ansigt.
- Hun vasker sig.
- Vaskekluden er våd.
对话开场白
"Hvor ofte vasker du tøj?"
"Hvem vasker op hjemme hos dig?"
"Kan du lide at vaske din bil selv?"
"Hvilken sæbe bruger du til at vaske hænder?"
"Har du vasket vinduer for nylig?"
日记主题
Beskriv din rutine, når du vasker tøj.
Hvorfor er det vigtigt at vaske hænder?
Hvad er det sværeste at vaske i dit hjem?
Skriv om en gang du vaskede noget, der gik i stykker.
Foretrækker du at vaske op i hånden eller bruge en maskine?
常见问题
10 个问题No, for teeth you must use 'børste' (børste tænder).
'Vaske' is general cleaning with water. 'Vaske op' is specifically for dishes.
Yes, it follows the Group 1 pattern: vaske, vasker, vaskede, vasket.
You say 'Jeg vasker tøj'.
Usually, yes. If you only use water, 'skylle' (rinse) is more accurate.
It is a washing machine.
Only if you are literally washing the floor or walls with water. Otherwise, use 'gøre rent'.
It means to avoid responsibility for something, like Pontius Pilate.
The word is 'vaskbar'.
A coin-operated laundromat.
Summary
The verb 'vaske' is essential for daily hygiene and chores. Remember to use 'vaske op' for dishes and 'vaske sig' for washing yourself. Example: 'Jeg vasker mine hænder før maden' (I wash my hands before the meal).
- Vaske means to wash with water and soap.
- It is used for hands, clothes, cars, and floors.
- The phrasal verb 'vaske op' specifically means washing dishes.
- It is a regular verb (vasker, vaskede, vasket).
