B1 · 중급 챕터 34

Relative Clauses (የ-)

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Chapter in 30 Seconds

Transform simple nouns into rich, descriptive phrases using Amharic relative clauses.

  • Attach 'yä-' to perfective verbs to describe past actions.
  • Integrate 'yämmi-' with imperfective verbs for present or habitual actions.
  • Connect nouns to complex descriptions effortlessly.
Master the art of description.

배울 내용

Creating complex descriptions like 'the man who came'. We learn how 'yä-' functions as a relative marker with verbs.

Learning Objectives

By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:

  1. 1
    By the end you will be able to: Use 'yä-' and 'yämmi-' to modify nouns with specific actions.

팁과 요령 (2)

💡

Prefix Order

Always keep the 'yä-' prefix at the very beginning of the verb. It is the anchor for the whole clause.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Relative Marker 'yä-' with Perfective
💡

Drop the -l

Always drop the -l suffix from the imperfective verb before adding yämmi-.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Relative Marker 'yämmi-' with Imperfective

핵심 어휘 (5)

ሰው (säw) person/man መጣ (mäṭṭa) came የሚበላ (yämmi-bälla) edible/that which is eaten መጽሐፍ (mäṣḥaf) book የገዛሁት (yä-gäzzahut) which I bought

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Review Summary

  • yä + perfective verb
  • yämmi + imperfective verb

자주 하는 실수

You must include the definite article suffix '-w' when the relative clause modifies a specific noun.

Wrong: የመጣ ሰው (yä-mäṭṭa säw)
정답: የመጣው ሰው (yä-mäṭṭaw säw)

Ensure the imperfective stem is used correctly without accidental vowel shifts.

Wrong: የሚመጣው ሰው (yämmi-mäṭṭaw säw)
정답: የሚመጣው ሰው (yämmi-yämmäṭṭaw säw)

Sometimes learners confuse perfective and imperfective markers. Always check if the action is finished.

Wrong: የሄደው ሰው (yä-hedäw säw)
정답: የሄደው ሰው (yä-hedäw säw)

Next Steps

You have done an amazing job navigating these complex structures. Keep practicing and your fluency will soar!

Read a short Amharic news article and highlight all 'yä-' and 'yämmi-' phrases.

Continue to: Passive Voice (ተ-)

빠른 연습 (8)

Fill in the blank.

___ bét yisärrall.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: yämmisärra
yämmi- is for imperfective.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Relative Marker 'yämmi-' with Imperfective

Correct the sentence.

Find and fix the mistake:

yämmi-yisärral säw

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: yämmisärra säw
Remove -l.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Relative Marker 'yämmi-' with Imperfective

Correct the sentence.

Find and fix the mistake:

al-yä-hädä säw

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: yä-al-hädä säw
yä- must come before al-.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Relative Marker 'yä-' with Perfective

Fill in the blank with the correct relative form of 'bällä'.

___ säw (The man who ate)

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: yä-bällä
yä- is the correct prefix for past tense.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Relative Marker 'yä-' with Perfective

Choose the correct aspect.

Which is for past?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: yä-
yä- is for past.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Relative Marker 'yämmi-' with Imperfective

Choose the correct form for 'The book I bought'.

___ mäts'haf

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: yä-gäzzahut
Object relatives require the -ut suffix.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Relative Marker 'yä-' with Perfective

Fill in the blank.

___ säw yisäqall.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: yämmisäq
yämmi- is for imperfective.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Relative Marker 'yämmi-' with Imperfective

Choose the correct form.

Which is correct?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: yämmisärra
Drop the -l.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Relative Marker 'yämmi-' with Imperfective

Score: /8

자주 묻는 질문 (4)

No, 'yä-' is strictly for the perfective (past) aspect. Use 'yäm-' for present or future.
You place 'yä-' before the negative 'al-' prefix. For example, 'yä-al-bällä'.
No, use yä- for past tense.
It must be removed.
이전 챕터
The Converb (Gerundive)
다음 챕터
Passive Voice (ተ-)
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