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A2 verb 중립 #3,000 가장 일반적인 3분 분량

قعد

qa'ada /qaʕad/
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Overview

The Arabic word 'قعد' (qaʿada) is a versatile verb with a fundamental meaning of 'to sit' or 'to take a seat.' However, its usage extends far beyond this basic definition, encompassing a rich semantic field and appearing in various idiomatic expressions.

Core Meaning and Conjugation:

At its most basic, 'قعد' means to transition from a standing or upright position to a seated one. It is a Form I (فعل ثلاثي مجرد - triliteral naked verb) verb, meaning it consists of three root letters: ق-ع-د. Its past tense conjugation for 'he sat' is قعد (qaʿada), and its present tense for 'he sits' is يقعد (yaqʿudu). The imperative form for 'sit!' (to a male) is اقعد (iqʿad).

Extended Meanings and Nuances:

  1. 1To Remain/Stay: 'قعد' can imply staying in a place or remaining in a certain state. For example, 'قعد في البيت' (qaʿada fi al-bayt) means 'he stayed at home.' This usage often suggests a lack of movement or activity.
  1. 1To Inhibit/Prevent: In some contexts, 'قعد' can mean to hold back or prevent someone from doing something. For instance, 'قعده عن السفر' (qaʿadahu ʿan al-safar) means 'he prevented him from traveling.' Here, it takes on a more causative sense.
  1. 1To Lie in Wait/Ambush: When followed by 'لـ' (li-), it can signify lying in wait or ambushing someone. 'قعد له' (qaʿada lahu) means 'he lay in wait for him.'
  1. 1To Settle/Reside: It can also be used to indicate settling down in a place or residing there permanently or for an extended period.
  1. 1To Undergo/Experience (with specific prepositions): With certain prepositions, 'قعد' can convey the idea of experiencing something or being subjected to it. For example, 'قعد تحت حكمه' (qaʿada taḥta ḥukmihi) means 'he lived under his rule' or 'he was subjected to his rule.'

Derived Forms and Related Words:

Being a root verb, 'قعد' gives rise to several derived forms, each with its own specific meaning:

  • Form II (قَعَّد - qaʿʿada): To make someone sit, to establish, to set up (e.g., 'قَعَّد القواعد' - qaʿʿada al-qawāʿid - he established the rules).
  • Form IV (أَقْعَدَ - aqʿada): To make someone sit, to incapacitate (e.g., 'أقعده المرض' - aqʿadahu al-maraḍ - the illness incapacitated him).
  • Form V (تَقَعَّدَ - taqaʿʿada): To sit down firmly, to be established, to be put in place.
  • Form X (اسْتَقْعَدَ - istaqʿada): To ask someone to sit, to seat someone.

Nominal Derivatives:

  • قعدة (qaʿdah): A sitting, a session, a gathering.
  • مقعد (maqʿad): A seat, a chair, a bench.
  • قاعدة (qāʿidah): A base, a foundation, a rule, a principle.

Idiomatic Expressions:

  • قعد عن العمل (qaʿada ʿan al-ʿamal): He stopped working, he retired.
  • قعد له بالمرصاد (qaʿada lahu bi al-mirṣād): He lay in wait for him, he was on the lookout for him.
  • ما قعد (mā qaʿada): He didn't stay, he didn't settle (often used in negative contexts to imply restlessness or inability to stay).

In summary, 'قعد' is a fundamental Arabic verb that, while primarily meaning 'to sit,' demonstrates remarkable semantic flexibility. Understanding its core meaning, various extended usages, and derived forms is crucial for comprehending its role in Arabic communication and literature.

예시

1

قَعَدَ في غُرْفَةِ المَعيشَةِ يَشْرَبُ الشَّايَ.

Describes a person sitting in a living room and drinking tea.

He sat in the living room drinking tea.

2

قَعَدَتِ الطَّائِرَةُ على المَدْرَجِ.

Refers to a plane landing.

The plane landed on the runway.

3

قَعَدَ عنِ العَمَلِ بِسَبَبِ المَرَضِ.

Indicates ceasing an activity due to illness.

He stopped working due to illness.

4

قَعَدَتِ الأُمُّ تُراقِبُ أَطْفالَها.

Describes a mother remaining in place to watch her children.

The mother stayed watching her children.

5

قَعَدَ الأَمْرُ بَيْنَهُمْ.

Refers to a situation becoming stable or resolved.

The matter settled between them.

자주 쓰는 조합

قعد للراحة
قعد للدراسة
قعد عن العمل
قعد في البيت

자주 혼동되는 단어

قعد 대 Waqaf (وقف)
To stand, stop.
قعد 대 Jalas (جلس)
To sit (more formal).
قعد 대 Istad'a (استدعى)
To summon, call upon.

문법 패턴

قعد على الكرسي (qa'ada 'ala al-kursi) - He sat on the chair. قعدت في البيت (qa'adat fi al-bayt) - She stayed/sat at home. اقعد هنا (iq'ad huna) - Sit here (command).

사용법

사용 참고사항

The verb 'قعد' (qaʿada) is a versatile and commonly used word in Arabic, but its nuances depend heavily on context, dialect, and accompanying prepositions. While its primary meaning is 'to sit,' it can extend to 'to stay,' 'to remain,' 'to reside,' or even 'to cease' doing something. For example, 'قعد في البيت' (qaʿada fi al-bayt) means 'he stayed at home.' In some regional dialects, particularly in the Levant and Egypt, 'قعد' can also be used as an auxiliary verb, similar to 'to keep on' or 'to continue,' as in 'قعد يضحك' (qaʿada yaḍḥak), meaning 'he kept on laughing.' It's crucial to pay attention to the preposition that follows 'قعد' as it often alters the meaning significantly. For instance, 'قعد على الكرسي' (qaʿada ʿala al-kursī) means 'he sat on the chair,' whereas 'قعد عن العمل' (qaʿada ʿan al-ʿamal) means 'he stopped working.' The imperative form, 'اقعد!' (iqʿad!), is a direct command to sit down, often used informally among friends or family. In formal or polite contexts, one might use phrases like 'تفضل بالجلوس' (tafaḍḍal bi-l-julūs), which means 'please sit down.' Understanding these variations is key to accurately interpreting and using 'قعد' in different conversational and written contexts across the Arabic-speaking world.

자주 하는 실수

A common mistake is confusing 'قعد' (to sit) with verbs like 'جلس' (jalasa), which also means to sit. While often interchangeable, 'قعد' can sometimes imply remaining in a place for a period, or settling down, more so than just the act of taking a seat. 'جلس' is more about the action of seating oneself. Also, make sure to differentiate between the various conjugations and their nuances, for example, 'قاعد' (qaʿid) as a participle meaning 'sitting' or 'remaining'.

팁

💡

Pronunciation Tip

The letter 'ق' (qaf) is a deep guttural sound, while 'ع' (ain) is a voiced pharyngeal fricative. Practice these sounds carefully for accurate pronunciation.
💡

Dialectal Usage

While 'قعد' is generally understood across the Arabic-speaking world, its frequency and specific nuances can vary by dialect. In some dialects, it's more common than 'جلس' for the simple act of sitting.
💡

Common Expressions

['قعد خيرًا' (qaa'ad khayran) - 'to behave well' or 'to settle down peacefully'], ['قعد لـ' (qaa'ad li) - 'to ambush' or 'to wait for'].

어원

The root ق-ع-د is a very ancient Semitic root, common in various Semitic languages. In Akkadian, 'qaādu' means to sit or to lie down. In Hebrew, 'yašav' (cognate to Arabic 'jalasa', another word for sitting) and 'qaʿad' in some contexts can refer to settling or establishing. The core meaning across these languages revolves around a state of rest, settling, or being in a seated position. Over time, in Arabic, its semantic range expanded to include remaining, refraining, and even ambushing, all stemming from the fundamental idea of being in a fixed or stationary position. Its broad usage in classical Arabic literature and the Quran attests to its foundational role in the language, encompassing physical posture, state of being, and even strategic positioning.

문화적 맥락

The word 'قعد' (qaʿada) in Arabic, meaning 'to sit' or 'to take a seat,' carries significant cultural weight beyond its literal translation, especially in various Arab societies. It often implies a sense of settling down, resting, or engaging in conversation and hospitality. For instance, to 'قعد' with someone can mean to spend time with them, share a meal, or have a discussion, highlighting the importance of social interaction and community. In more traditional settings, sitting can be a gesture of respect, indicating one is prepared to listen attentively or to receive a guest warmly. The act of sitting can also be associated with waiting or pausing, reflecting a more relaxed pace of life in some contexts compared to the constant rush of modern Western societies. It's deeply embedded in expressions of hospitality, where inviting someone to 'قعد' is an invitation to be comfortable and feel at home. Furthermore, in storytelling and poetry, 'قعد' can evoke imagery of contemplation, stability, or the passage of time in a tranquil manner, linking it to the rich narrative traditions of the Arab world.

암기 팁

The Arabic word 'قعد' (qaʿada) sounds a bit like 'cadaver' if you imagine a cadaver sitting stiffly. Or, think of 'cad' and imagine a cad sitting down rudely.

자주 묻는 질문

4 질문
The Arabic word 'قعد' (qaʿada) generally means 'to sit' or 'to take a seat'. It describes the action of lowering oneself into a seated position.
Yes, 'قعد' can have several other meanings depending on the context. It can also mean 'to stay', 'to remain', 'to settle', 'to abstain from something', or even 'to lie in wait for someone'.
In the past tense, 'قعد' is conjugated as follows: - هو قعد (huwa qaʿada) - He sat - هي قعدت (hiya qaʿadat) - She sat - أنا قعدت (anā qaʿadtu) - I sat - أنت قعدت (anta qaʿadta) - You (masc. singular) sat - أنتِ قعدتِ (anti qaʿadti) - You (fem. singular) sat - نحن قعدنا (naḥnu qaʿadnā) - We sat - هم قعدوا (hum qaʿadū) - They (masc. plural) sat - هن قعدن (hunna qaʿadna) - They (fem. plural) sat
In the present tense, 'قعد' is conjugated as follows: - هو يقعد (huwa yaqʿudu) - He sits - هي تقعد (hiya taqʿudu) - She sits - أنا أقعد (anā aqʿudu) - I sit - أنت تقعد (anta taqʿudu) - You (masc. singular) sit - أنتِ تقعدين (anti taqʿudīna) - You (fem. singular) sit - نحن نقعد (naḥnu naqʿudu) - We sit - هم يقعدون (hum yaqʿudūna) - They (masc. plural) sit - هن يقعدن (hunna yaqʿudna) - They (fem. plural) sit

셀프 테스트

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أنا ______ على الكرسي.

정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
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هم ______ في الحديقة.

정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
fill blank

هي ______ بجانب أختها.

정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:

점수: /3

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