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A2 noun #600 가장 일반적인 14분 분량

Außerdem

상위 600

At the A1 level, you are just beginning to connect your thoughts. You might already know 'und' (and). 'Außerdem' is like a more advanced version of 'und'. It helps you say more than one thing about a topic. For example, if you are talking about your hobby, you can say: 'Ich spiele Fußball. Außerdem schwimme ich gern.' (I play soccer. Besides, I like to swim.) The most important thing to remember at this level is the word order. In German, the verb likes to be the second thing in the sentence. So, when you start with 'Außerdem', the verb (like 'schwimme' or 'ist') must come next. Don't worry if it feels strange at first; with practice, it will become a natural way to add more information to your basic sentences. It makes you sound much more capable than just using 'und' all the time.

At the A2 level, 'außerdem' becomes a key tool for passing your speaking and writing exams. You are expected to move beyond simple sentences and start linking ideas. 'Außerdem' allows you to provide reasons, list activities, or describe things in more detail. You should focus on the 'Verb-Second' rule: 'Außerdem' (1) + Verb (2) + Subject (3). For example: 'Das Wetter war schön. Außerdem war das Essen lecker.' This structure shows the examiner that you understand German sentence logic. You can also use it to add a final point to a list. It's very common in daily life, so you'll hear it often when people explain why they did something or what they plan to do. It's a very 'useful' word that bridges the gap between basic and intermediate German.

By B1, you should be using 'außerdem' fluently and correctly in both speech and writing. You understand that it is a 'conjunctive adverb' and can place it at the start of a sentence or in the middle (the 'Mittelfeld'). At this level, you should also start comparing 'außerdem' with other connectors like 'zudem' or 'darüber hinaus'. You'll notice that 'außerdem' is very versatile and fits almost any situation. You might use it in a letter to a friend or in a formal complaint to a company. It's particularly useful for the 'argumentation' part of the B1 exam, where you need to list several points to support your opinion. Remember that in German, we don't usually put a comma after 'außerdem' at the start of a sentence, which is a common mistake for English speakers.

At the B2 level, you use 'außerdem' to create a sophisticated flow in your texts. You are expected to vary your vocabulary, so while 'außerdem' is your reliable standby, you should also use synonyms like 'des Weiteren' or 'darüber hinaus' to avoid repetition. You understand the subtle differences in register—for instance, that 'außerdem' is neutral, while 'ferner' is quite formal. You can use 'außerdem' to structure complex arguments, perhaps using it to introduce a secondary but still important point. Your word order should be perfect, and you should be able to use 'außerdem' in the middle of a sentence to shift emphasis seamlessly. It's no longer just about adding information; it's about the rhetorical structure of your entire speech or essay.

At the C1 level, 'außerdem' is a tool for stylistic precision. You use it to manage the 'Thema-Rhema' (topic-comment) structure of your sentences, deciding whether to put it at the beginning for a strong transition or in the middle for a smoother integration. you are aware of how 'außerdem' can be used to add a 'final blow' to an argument or to introduce a point that is slightly outside the main line of reasoning but still relevant. You can distinguish between 'außerdem' and more specific connectors like 'zusätzlich' (which emphasizes the additive quantity) or 'zudem' (which is more common in high-level journalism). Your use of 'außerdem' contributes to a cohesive and coherent text that meets the high standards of academic or professional German.

For C2 learners, 'außerdem' is used with complete mastery of its rhetorical potential. You might use it to subtly influence the reader's perspective, placing it strategically to make an additional point seem like an obvious or necessary conclusion. You understand its historical roots and how it functions within the broader system of German particles and connectors. You can use it in highly complex, multi-clause sentences without losing track of the V2 rule or the overall logic. At this level, 'außerdem' is just one of many tools in your vast linguistic repertoire, used with an intuitive sense of rhythm, register, and impact. You might even use it ironically or for emphasis in ways that only a near-native speaker would understand.

연습하기 예시 노트와 팁

Außerdem 30초 만에

Außerdem is a versatile German connector meaning 'besides' or 'furthermore'.
It is a conjunctive adverb that requires the verb in the second position.
It is used in both formal and informal contexts to add information.
Commonly confused with 'außer', which means 'except' and subtracts info.

The German word außerdem is a powerhouse of connectivity in the German language. Primarily functioning as a conjunctive adverb, it serves the essential purpose of adding information to a previous statement. In English, we most commonly translate it as 'besides,' 'furthermore,' 'moreover,' or 'in addition.' Understanding this word is a significant milestone for learners because it allows for the construction of complex, flowing arguments and narratives rather than simple, disjointed sentences. When you use außerdem, you are signaling to your listener that you have more to contribute to the current topic, effectively building a bridge between thoughts.

Core Function: To provide supplementary information that reinforces or expands upon a preceding point.
Grammatical Category: Conjunctive Adverb (Konjunktionaladverb). It occupies a position in the sentence and influences word order.

Imagine you are explaining why you like a specific city. You might start by mentioning the beautiful architecture. To add another reason, such as the vibrant nightlife, you would use außerdem. This word is ubiquitous in both spoken and written German, appearing in casual chats between friends and formal academic papers alike. Its versatility stems from its neutral register; it is never too formal for a café conversation, yet precise enough for a legal document. In the hierarchy of additive connectors, außerdem sits comfortably in the middle, more common than the formal 'ferner' but more structured than a simple 'und'.

Das Hotel war sehr sauber. Außerdem war das Personal überaus freundlich.

The psychological impact of using außerdem is also noteworthy. It suggests a certain level of thoughtfulness and organization in the speaker's mind. It implies that the speaker has multiple reasons or facts at their disposal and is systematically presenting them. For a language learner, mastering this word helps move away from the 'A1 plateau' where sentences are short and repetitive. Instead of saying 'Ich mag Pizza. Ich mag Pasta.', you can say 'Ich mag Pizza, und außerdem schmeckt mir Pasta sehr gut.' This small change significantly increases the perceived fluency of the speaker.

Semantic Nuance: Unlike 'und' (and), außerdem emphasizes that the second point is a distinct, additional unit of information.

Ich habe keine Zeit. Außerdem habe ich kein Geld für ein Ticket.

In summary, außerdem is the 'Swiss Army Knife' of German connectors. It is reliable, easy to use once you understand the V2 (verb-second) rule, and essential for anyone looking to communicate effectively in German. Whether you are listing ingredients for a recipe, arguing a point in a debate, or simply telling a story about your weekend, außerdem will be one of your most frequently used tools. It provides the logical glue that holds complex thoughts together, ensuring that your German sounds natural and well-structured.

Using außerdem correctly requires an understanding of German syntax, specifically the 'Verb-Second' (V2) rule. As a conjunctive adverb, außerdem can occupy different positions in a sentence, but its most common placement is at the very beginning of a new main clause. When it starts a sentence, it takes up 'Position 1'. In German main clauses, the conjugated verb must always be in 'Position 2'. Therefore, the subject of the sentence must move to 'Position 3', appearing immediately after the verb. This inversion is a common stumbling block for English speakers, who are used to the 'Subject-Verb-Object' order.

Außerdem (Pos 1) hat (Verb, Pos 2) er (Subject, Pos 3) seinen Schlüssel vergessen.

However, außerdem is flexible. It can also appear in the middle of a sentence (the 'Mittelfeld'). In this case, it usually follows the conjugated verb and the subject. This placement often feels more natural in casual conversation and can subtly shift the emphasis of the sentence. When placed in the middle, it doesn't trigger the inversion because the verb is already in its required second position. This flexibility allows speakers to vary their sentence structure, making their speech or writing more engaging and less repetitive.

Sentence Start: Außerdem + Verb + Subject + ... (e.g., Außerdem regnet es.)
Mid-Sentence: Subject + Verb + außerdem + ... (e.g., Es regnet außerdem.)

Another important aspect of using außerdem is its relationship with other connectors. It is often used in conjunction with 'nicht nur... sondern auch' (not only... but also) to provide even more weight to an argument. While 'und' simply links two things, außerdem adds a layer of 'extra-ness'. It tells the listener: 'Wait, there is more that you haven't considered yet.' This makes it particularly effective in persuasive writing or when you are trying to justify a decision. It acts as a logical 'plus sign' in your discourse.

Wir müssen einkaufen gehen. Außerdem müssen wir die Post abholen.

In more advanced usage, außerdem can be used to introduce a final, decisive point in a list. If you have already listed several reasons, starting the last one with außerdem gives it a sense of finality and strength. It's like the 'cherry on top' of your explanation. For example, if you're explaining why a job is perfect for you: 'I have the experience, I speak the languages, and außerdem, I live right around the corner.' This use highlights the convenience or the most practical aspect of the situation.

Punctuation: In German, you usually put a period or a semicolon before außerdem if it starts a new main clause. Unlike in English, a comma after außerdem at the start of a sentence is NOT standard.

Mastering the placement and punctuation of außerdem will immediately make your written German look more professional. It shows that you understand the mechanics of the language and can manipulate them to create a logical flow. Practice by taking two simple sentences and joining them using außerdem, paying close attention to where the verb and subject end up. With time, this inversion will become second nature, and your ability to express complex ideas will flourish.

You will encounter außerdem everywhere in German-speaking life. It is not a word confined to textbooks; it is a living, breathing part of daily communication. In a typical German household, you might hear it during a discussion about chores: 'Ich habe schon gespült. Außerdem habe ich den Müll rausgebracht.' (I've already washed the dishes. Besides, I took out the trash.) Here, it serves to defend one's productivity or to list completed tasks. It's a word of justification and addition that pops up in almost every conversational conflict or explanation.

In the news: 'Die Regierung plant Steuersenkungen. Außerdem soll in die Infrastruktur investiert werden.'

In professional settings, außerdem is indispensable. During meetings, colleagues use it to build on each other's ideas or to add items to an agenda. 'Wir müssen das Projekt bis Freitag abschließen. Außerdem sollten wir den Kunden über die Verzögerung informieren.' It helps maintain a professional tone while ensuring all necessary points are covered. In written business communication, such as emails or reports, it provides a clear structure, making it easy for the reader to follow the logic of the message. It is much more common in these contexts than 'zudem' or 'darüber hinaus', which can sometimes feel a bit too stiff.

Media Usage: News anchors use it to transition between related facts within a single news story.
Advertising: Marketers use it to list the benefits of a product: 'Unser Shampoo macht das Haar glänzend. Außerdem duftet es nach Kokos.'

If you watch German television or listen to podcasts, pay attention to how speakers use außerdem to keep the conversation going. It's a great 'filler' word in the sense that it gives the speaker a moment to think of the next point while still maintaining the flow of speech. In talk shows, guests use it to prevent being interrupted, signaling that they have more to say. 'Das ist ein wichtiger Punkt. Außerdem möchte ich hinzufügen, dass...' This rhetorical use is very common and helps the speaker maintain the floor.

Casual chat: 'Der Film war toll! Außerdem war das Popcorn umsonst.'

Even in literature and academic writing, außerdem holds its ground. While authors might occasionally opt for more 'sophisticated' synonyms like 'des Weiteren' to avoid repetition, außerdem remains the standard. It is the workhorse of German transition words. Whether you are reading a detective novel where a witness adds a detail to their testimony, or a scientific paper adding a secondary finding to a study, außerdem is there. Its ubiquity makes it one of the most 'high-value' words for a learner to acquire early on.

Academic Context: Used to introduce secondary evidence or supplementary data in a logical sequence.

In conclusion, you cannot escape außerdem in the German-speaking world, and you shouldn't want to! It is a friendly, helpful word that makes communication smoother and more logical. By listening for it in various contexts—from the grocery store to the evening news—you will gain a better feel for its natural rhythm and the way it structures German thought. It is a key that unlocks more natural-sounding speech and a deeper understanding of how Germans connect their ideas.

One of the most frequent mistakes learners make with außerdem is confusing it with the preposition außer. While they share the same root, their functions are diametrically opposed. Außer means 'except' or 'but' and is followed by the dative case (e.g., 'Außer mir war niemand da' - Except for me, no one was there). Außerdem, on the other hand, means 'besides' or 'in addition'. Confusing these two can lead to sentences that mean the exact opposite of what you intended. Always remember: außer subtracts, while außerdem adds.

Wrong: Ich mag alle Früchte, außerdem Äpfel. (I like all fruits, besides apples? - Unclear)
Right: Ich mag alle Früchte außer Äpfeln. (I like all fruits except apples.)

The second major hurdle is word order. As mentioned before, außerdem is an adverb. English speakers often want to treat it like the English word 'besides' or 'moreover', which are often followed by a comma and then a standard 'Subject-Verb' order. In German, if außerdem is the first element in the clause, the verb MUST come next. Saying 'Außerdem ich habe Hunger' is a classic mistake. It must be 'Außerdem habe ich Hunger.' This 'V2' rule is non-negotiable in German and is one of the clearest indicators of a learner's level.

The 'Comma' Trap: In English, we write: 'Besides, I am tired.' In German, we do NOT put a comma after außerdem. It is 'Außerdem bin ich müde.'

Another subtle mistake involves the register and the choice of synonym. While außerdem is very versatile, using it in every single sentence of an essay can make the writing feel repetitive and 'choppy'. Advanced learners should aim to vary their connectors using words like 'zudem', 'darüber hinaus', or 'des Weiteren'. However, the mistake for beginners is often the opposite: trying to use a very formal word like 'ferner' in a casual conversation, which can sound strange and overly academic. Stick to außerdem until you are comfortable with the basic structure, then expand.

Common Error: 'Ich bin müde. Außerdem, ich will schlafen.'
Correct: 'Ich bin müde. Außerdem will ich schlafen.'

Finally, some learners use außerdem when they should use 'auch' (also). While they are related, 'auch' is usually integrated more deeply into the sentence and doesn't always act as a connector between two distinct thoughts. Außerdem is for adding a *new point* or a *new sentence*, whereas 'auch' often adds a new element to an existing thought. For example, 'Ich komme auch' (I am coming too) vs. 'Ich komme. Außerdem bringe ich Bier mit' (I am coming. Besides, I'm bringing beer). Understanding this distinction helps in choosing the most natural-sounding word for the situation.

Summary of Mistakes: 1. Confusing with 'außer'. 2. Incorrect word order (V2). 3. Unnecessary commas. 4. Overuse or misuse in place of 'auch'.

By being mindful of these common pitfalls, you can avoid the most frequent errors and start using außerdem like a native speaker. The key is to always keep the 'Verb-Second' rule in mind and to remember that außerdem is an additive tool, not a subtractive one. With practice, these rules will become instinctive, and your German will sound much more polished and accurate.

German is rich with connectors that mean 'besides' or 'in addition,' and knowing when to use which one can greatly enhance your linguistic precision. While außerdem is the most common and versatile, several alternatives exist, each with its own nuance and register. The most direct synonym is zudem. It is slightly more formal than außerdem but used in much the same way. You will often see zudem in newspapers and magazines to avoid repeating außerdem too many times in one paragraph.

Zudem: Very similar to außerdem, but slightly more elevated. Common in journalism.
Darüber hinaus: Literally 'beyond that.' Used for more significant additions or in formal arguments. Equivalent to 'furthermore'.

For even more formal contexts, such as academic papers or legal texts, you might encounter des Weiteren or ferner. These words are rarely used in casual conversation and can sound a bit stiff if used while chatting with friends. Des Weiteren is a very common way to start a new paragraph in a formal letter. Ferner is even more old-fashioned and is mostly found in literature or very formal speeches. On the other end of the spectrum, dazu or noch dazu can be used more informally to add a point, often with a sense of emphasis or surprise.

Formal: 'Die Kosten sind gestiegen. Darüber hinaus gibt es technische Probleme.'

Another interesting alternative is zusätzlich, which means 'additionally.' While außerdem is a conjunctive adverb, zusätzlich can also function as an adjective (e.g., 'zusätzliche Kosten' - additional costs). When used as an adverb at the start of a sentence, it functions similarly to außerdem: 'Zusätzlich müssen wir die Steuern berechnen.' This word emphasizes the 'extra' nature of the information more strongly than außerdem does. It's often used when talking about quantities, costs, or specific requirements.

Emphasis: 'Er war unhöflich und noch dazu zu spät!' (He was rude and, on top of that, late!)

Finally, don't forget the simple und (and) and auch (also). While they don't have the same connective power as außerdem, they are often the best choice for simple additions. The key is to match the connector to the weight of the information you are adding. If it's a minor point, auch might suffice. If it's a new, distinct point that deserves its own sentence, außerdem is your best bet. If it's a major point in a formal argument, darüber hinaus or des Weiteren will give it the necessary gravitas.

Comparison Table: - Außerdem: Neutral, versatile, most common.
- Zudem: Slightly formal, journalistic.
- Darüber hinaus: Formal, emphasizes 'beyond'.
- Des Weiteren: Very formal, business/legal.
- Noch dazu: Informal, emphatic, 'on top of that'.

By understanding these alternatives, you can tailor your German to any situation. You'll be able to switch from a casual chat to a formal presentation with ease, always choosing the word that fits the context perfectly. This level of nuance is what separates a good speaker from a great one. Start by incorporating zudem into your writing, and gradually experiment with the more formal options as your confidence grows.

How Formal Is It?

격식체

"Die Ergebnisse sind signifikant. Außerdem bestätigen sie unsere Hypothese."

중립

"Ich habe die Hausaufgaben gemacht. Außerdem habe ich gelernt."

비격식체

"Der Film war echt cool. Außerdem war das Popcorn umsonst!"

Child friendly

"Ich mag Eis. Außerdem mag ich Schokolade!"

속어

"Das Konzert war fett. Außerdem war die Stimmung Hammer."

재미있는 사실

The 'ß' in außerdem is a relic of the German 's-z' ligature. Even after the spelling reforms, it remains because the preceding 'au' is a long diphthong.

발음 가이드

UK /ˈaʊ̯sɐˌdeːm/

US /ˈaʊ̯sərˌdeɪm/

Primary stress on the first syllable (AU-ßer-dem).

라임이 맞는 단어

bequem angenehm System Problem extrem Themen nehmen zähmen

자주 하는 실수

Pronouncing 'ß' like a 'z' (it should be a voiceless 's').
Stressing the second syllable 'ßer' instead of 'Au'.
Pronouncing 'dem' like 'them' (it should be a 'd' sound).
Making the 'au' sound like 'ah' instead of a diphthong.
Mumbling the 'er' so it disappears completely.

난이도

독해 2/5

Very easy to recognize in text.

쓰기 4/5

Requires attention to word order (V2 rule).

말하기 4/5

Inversion can be tricky during spontaneous speech.

듣기 2/5

Clear pronunciation and usually stressed.

다음에 무엇을 배울까

선수 학습

und auch aber denn oder

다음에 배울 것

zudem darüber hinaus des Weiteren deshalb trotzdem

고급

ferner nichtsdestotrotz gleichwohl demzufolge hingegen

알아야 할 문법

Verb-Second (V2) Rule

Außerdem *ist* (2) das Wetter schön.

Inversion

Außerdem *gehe* ich nach Hause. (Not: Außerdem ich gehe...)

Conjunctive Adverbs

Words like 'außerdem', 'deshalb', and 'trotzdem' all follow the same word order rules.

Comma usage with connectors

No comma after 'außerdem' at the start of a sentence.

Mittelfeld position

Ich habe *außerdem* keine Zeit.

수준별 예문

Ich lerne Deutsch. Außerdem lerne ich Englisch.

I learn German. Besides, I learn English.

Note the verb 'lerne' in second position.

Der Apfel ist rot. Außerdem ist er süß.

The apple is red. Besides, it is sweet.

Außerdem + Verb + Subject.

Ich habe einen Hund. Außerdem habe ich eine Katze.

I have a dog. Besides, I have a cat.

Simple addition of facts.

Das Haus ist groß. Außerdem ist es alt.

The house is big. Besides, it is old.

Using 'ist' after 'Außerdem'.

Ich trinke Tee. Außerdem trinke ich Wasser.

I drink tea. Besides, I drink water.

Verb 'trinke' follows 'Außerdem'.

Sie spielt Klavier. Außerdem spielt sie Gitarre.

She plays piano. Besides, she plays guitar.

Connecting two hobbies.

Heute ist es kalt. Außerdem regnet es.

Today it is cold. Besides, it is raining.

Describing weather conditions.

Das Auto ist schnell. Außerdem ist es teuer.

The car is fast. Besides, it is expensive.

Listing characteristics.

Wir gehen ins Kino. Außerdem wollen wir Pizza essen.

We are going to the cinema. Besides, we want to eat pizza.

Using a modal verb 'wollen' after 'Außerdem'.

Ich muss heute arbeiten. Außerdem muss ich einkaufen.

I have to work today. Besides, I have to go shopping.

Listing obligations.

Die Wohnung ist schön. Außerdem liegt sie zentral.

The apartment is nice. Besides, it is centrally located.

Describing benefits of a location.

Er spricht gut Deutsch. Außerdem versteht er Spanisch.

He speaks German well. Besides, he understands Spanish.

Listing language skills.

Das Museum ist montags geschlossen. Außerdem ist es heute sehr voll.

The museum is closed on Mondays. Besides, it is very crowded today.

Giving multiple reasons.

Ich habe kein Geld. Außerdem habe ich keine Zeit.

I have no money. Besides, I have no time.

Classic excuse structure.

Sie ist sehr nett. Außerdem hilft sie mir immer.

She is very nice. Besides, she always helps me.

Describing a person's character.

Der Kurs ist interessant. Außerdem ist der Lehrer sehr gut.

The course is interesting. Besides, the teacher is very good.

Evaluating a course.

Das Hotel war sehr günstig. Außerdem war das Frühstück inklusive.

The hotel was very cheap. Furthermore, breakfast was included.

Using 'Außerdem' in a travel review context.

Ich habe den Termin vergessen. Außerdem war mein Handy leer.

I forgot the appointment. Moreover, my phone was dead.

Justifying a mistake.

Wir sollten mehr Sport treiben. Außerdem müssen wir gesünder essen.

We should exercise more. In addition, we must eat healthier.

Giving advice or making a plan.

Die Reparatur ist teuer. Außerdem dauert sie zwei Wochen.

The repair is expensive. Besides, it takes two weeks.

Listing negative aspects.

Er hat sich entschuldigt. Außerdem hat er Blumen mitgebracht.

He apologized. Furthermore, he brought flowers.

Adding a positive detail to an action.

Die Stadt bietet viele Parks. Außerdem gibt es tolle Museen.

The city offers many parks. Besides, there are great museums.

Promoting a city's attractions.

Ich mag meinen Job. Außerdem verdiene ich dort gut.

I like my job. Besides, I earn well there.

Listing reasons for job satisfaction.

Das Buch ist spannend. Außerdem lernt man viel über Geschichte.

The book is exciting. Moreover, you learn a lot about history.

Reviewing a book.

Die Studie zeigt deutliche Mängel auf. Außerdem fehlen wichtige Daten.

The study reveals significant flaws. Furthermore, important data is missing.

Formal academic/professional context.

Wir müssen die Kosten senken. Außerdem ist eine Umstrukturierung nötig.

We must reduce costs. Moreover, a restructuring is necessary.

Business strategy discussion.

Das Gesetz ist veraltet. Außerdem widerspricht es EU-Recht.

The law is outdated. Besides, it contradicts EU law.

Legal/political argumentation.

Die Bewerberin ist hochqualifiziert. Außerdem verfügt sie über Auslandserfahrung.

The applicant is highly qualified. Furthermore, she has international experience.

Evaluating a job candidate.

Das Projekt ist riskant. Außerdem ist die Finanzierung noch unklar.

The project is risky. In addition, the financing is still unclear.

Assessing a business venture.

Der Film wurde kritisiert. Außerdem war er an den Kinokassen ein Flop.

The film was criticized. Moreover, it was a box office flop.

Analyzing media success.

Die Technologie ist neu. Außerdem ist sie sehr umweltfreundlich.

The technology is new. Besides, it is very environmentally friendly.

Highlighting product features.

Er ist ein begabter Musiker. Außerdem engagiert er sich sozial.

He is a gifted musician. Furthermore, he is socially involved.

Describing a multifaceted person.

Die Argumentation ist lückenhaft. Außerdem vernachlässigt sie soziale Aspekte.

The argumentation is incomplete. Furthermore, it neglects social aspects.

High-level critical analysis.

Die Maßnahme ist unpopulär. Außerdem ist ihre Wirksamkeit umstritten.

The measure is unpopular. Moreover, its effectiveness is controversial.

Discussing public policy.

Der Autor verwendet viele Metaphern. Außerdem ist sein Stil sehr prägnant.

The author uses many metaphors. Besides, his style is very concise.

Literary criticism.

Die Infrastruktur ist marode. Außerdem mangelt es an Fachkräften.

The infrastructure is dilapidated. Furthermore, there is a shortage of skilled workers.

Socio-economic analysis.

Das Unternehmen expandiert. Außerdem investiert es massiv in Forschung.

The company is expanding. In addition, it is investing heavily in research.

Corporate reporting.

Die Theorie ist komplex. Außerdem lässt sie sich schwer beweisen.

The theory is complex. Moreover, it is difficult to prove.

Scientific discourse.

Das Klima wandelt sich. Außerdem schwindet die Artenvielfalt.

The climate is changing. Furthermore, biodiversity is declining.

Environmental science.

Die Verhandlungen sind schwierig. Außerdem drängt die Zeit.

The negotiations are difficult. Besides, time is pressing.

Diplomatic/business context.

Die philosophische Abhandlung ist tiefgründig. Außerdem besticht sie durch ihre rhetorische Brillanz.

The philosophical treatise is profound. Furthermore, it impresses with its rhetorical brilliance.

Advanced aesthetic/intellectual evaluation.

Die politische Lage ist instabil. Außerdem droht eine wirtschaftliche Rezession.

The political situation is unstable. Moreover, an economic recession looms.

Geopolitical analysis.

Seine Werke sind provokant. Außerdem entziehen sie sich jeder einfachen Kategorisierung.

His works are provocative. Besides, they elude any simple categorization.

Sophisticated art criticism.

Die Reform ist unzureichend. Außerdem konterkariert sie bisherige Bemühungen.

The reform is insufficient. Furthermore, it thwarts previous efforts.

Complex policy critique.

Die Entdeckung ist bahnbrechend. Außerdem eröffnet sie völlig neue Forschungsperspektiven.

The discovery is groundbreaking. In addition, it opens up completely new research perspectives.

Scientific breakthrough discussion.

Die Sprache ist im Wandel. Außerdem beeinflussen digitale Medien die Syntax.

Language is in flux. Moreover, digital media influence syntax.

Linguistic analysis.

Das Urteil ist rechtlich bindend. Außerdem setzt es ein wichtiges Signal.

The judgment is legally binding. Besides, it sends an important signal.

Legal and symbolic significance.

Die Inszenierung war gewagt. Außerdem spiegelte sie den Zeitgeist wider.

The production was daring. Furthermore, it reflected the spirit of the times.

Cultural and historical analysis.

자주 쓰는 조합

und außerdem

außerdem noch

außerdem wäre da noch

außerdem ist zu erwähnen

außerdem gibt es

außerdem sollte man

außerdem hat er

außerdem kann man

außerdem muss ich

außerdem wird

자주 쓰는 구문

Und außerdem?

Außerdem noch etwas?

Das und außerdem...

Außerdem ist es egal.

Außerdem, wer weiß?

Außerdem ist das so.

Außerdem wie gesagt...

Außerdem bin ich sicher.

Außerdem ist es schön.

Außerdem, was soll's?

자주 혼동되는 단어

Außerdem vs außer

Außer means 'except' (subtraction), while außerdem means 'besides' (addition).

Außerdem vs auch

Auch is 'also' and is usually more integrated into the sentence, whereas außerdem often starts a new point.

Außerdem vs sondern

Sondern means 'but rather' and is used after a negation, unlike the additive außerdem.

관용어 및 표현

"Außerdem und obendrein"

Used to emphasize that many things are being added. 'On top of everything else.'

Er war frech und außerdem und obendrein noch zu spät.

informal

"Außerdem ist noch kein Meister vom Himmel gefallen"

Adding a proverb to encourage someone. 'Besides, no master has fallen from the sky yet.'

Übe weiter. Außerdem ist noch kein Meister vom Himmel gefallen.

neutral

"Außerdem hat alles seine Grenzen"

Adding a limit to a situation. 'Besides, everything has its limits.'

Ich helfe dir, aber außerdem hat alles seine Grenzen.

neutral

"Außerdem ist Hopfen und Malz verloren"

Adding a point of hopelessness. 'Besides, it's a lost cause.'

Er lernt es nie. Außerdem ist Hopfen und Malz verloren.

informal

"Außerdem, wer A sagt, muss auch B sagen"

Adding a point about consistency. 'Besides, if you say A, you must say B.'

Du hast angefangen. Außerdem, wer A sagt, muss auch B sagen.

neutral

"Außerdem ist das Jacke wie Hose"

Adding that two things are the same. 'Besides, it's six of one, half a dozen of the other.'

Nimm das rote oder das blaue. Außerdem ist das Jacke wie Hose.

informal

"Außerdem ist Ende Gelände"

Adding that something is finished. 'Besides, that's the end of it.'

Wir gehen jetzt. Außerdem ist Ende Gelände.

slang

"Außerdem ist das unter aller Sau"

Adding a point about how bad something is. 'Besides, that's beneath contempt.'

Er hat gelogen. Außerdem ist das unter aller Sau.

slang

"Außerdem ist das kein Zuckerschlecken"

Adding that something is not easy. 'Besides, it's no piece of cake.'

Der Job ist hart. Außerdem ist das kein Zuckerschlecken.

informal

"Außerdem ist das ein alter Hut"

Adding that something is old news. 'Besides, that's an old hat.'

Ich weiß das schon. Außerdem ist das ein alter Hut.

informal

혼동하기 쉬운

Außerdem vs außer

Similar spelling and root.

Außer is a preposition (except); außerdem is an adverb (besides).

Alle kamen außer Tom. Außerdem kam Maria.

Außerdem vs zudem

Exact same meaning.

Zudem is slightly more formal and common in written German.

Zudem war er müde.

Außerdem vs darüber hinaus

Similar meaning.

Darüber hinaus is more formal and emphasizes 'going beyond'.

Darüber hinaus gibt es keine Fragen.

Außerdem vs zusätzlich

Similar meaning.

Zusätzlich can be an adjective (additional) or an adverb.

Zusätzliche Kosten sind entstanden.

Außerdem vs ebenso

Both add information.

Ebenso means 'likewise' or 'equally', implying a similarity between the points.

Ebenso wichtig ist der Preis.

문장 패턴

Außerdem + ist/habe + Subjekt + ...

Außerdem habe ich ein Auto.

Außerdem + Modalverb + Subjekt + Infinitiv

Außerdem kann ich gut kochen.

Subjekt + Verb + außerdem + ...

Er ist außerdem sehr freundlich.

Nicht nur ..., sondern außerdem ...

Er ist nicht nur klug, sondern außerdem fleißig.

Außerdem + lässt sich + sagen, dass ...

Außerdem lässt sich sagen, dass die Kosten hoch sind.

Außerdem + gilt es + zu + Infinitiv

Außerdem gilt es zu beachten, dass...

Außerdem + Partizipialkonstruktion

Außerdem, so die Experten, wird der Preis steigen.

Außerdem + Konjunktiv II

Außerdem wäre zu überlegen, ob...

어휘 가족

명사

동사

형용사

사용법

frequency

Very High

자주 하는 실수

Außerdem ich habe... → Außerdem habe ich...
The verb must be in the second position after 'außerdem'.
Außerdem, es ist... → Außerdem ist es...
Do not put a comma after 'außerdem' at the beginning of a sentence.
Ich mag alles außerdem Äpfel. → Ich mag alles außer Äpfeln.
Confusing 'außerdem' (besides) with 'außer' (except).
Außerdem er kommt. → Außerdem kommt er.
Word order error: Subject and verb must be inverted.
Using 'außerdem' to mean 'instead'. → Use 'stattdessen'.
'Außerdem' adds information; it doesn't replace it.

팁

The V2 Rule

Always put the verb immediately after 'außerdem' when it starts a sentence. 'Außerdem *ist* es...' is correct.

Variety is Key

In long texts, swap 'außerdem' for 'zudem' or 'darüber hinaus' to keep your writing interesting.

Emphasis

Stress the 'AU' to signal clearly that you are adding a new point.

Außer vs Außerdem

Remember: 'Außer' subtracts (except), 'Außerdem' adds (besides).

No Comma

Don't put a comma after 'außerdem' at the start of a sentence. It's a common English-speaker mistake.

News Transition

Listen for it in news reports; it's the most common way to transition between related facts.

B1/B2 Exams

Use 'außerdem' to structure your arguments. It shows you can link ideas logically.

Neutral Register

You can use it anywhere! It's never too formal or too casual.

Mnemonic

Think 'Outside-Them'. Adding something from outside the current group of ideas.

Semicolons

You can use a semicolon before 'außerdem' to link two closely related sentences: 'Es war spät; außerdem regnete es.'

암기하기

기억법

Think of 'Outside-Them'. It's like you have a group of ideas, and you are bringing in one more from 'outside' of them.

시각적 연상

Imagine a shopping basket. You have your main items, and then you put one 'extra' item next to it. That extra item is 'außerdem'.

Word Web

Addition Furthermore Besides Moreover Extra Plus Also Secondary

챌린지

Try to write a paragraph about your day and use 'außerdem' at least three times, making sure to use the correct word order each time.

어원

The word is a compound of the preposition 'außer' (outside) and the dative demonstrative pronoun 'dem' (that). It literally meant 'outside of that'. Over time, it evolved from a spatial meaning to a logical one, indicating something that lies outside the current statement but is still connected to it.

원래 의미: Outside of that / Beyond that.

Germanic (High German).

문화적 맥락

No specific sensitivities; it is a neutral, functional word.

English speakers often use 'besides' or 'anyway' in a similar way, but 'außerdem' is more common in formal German than 'besides' is in formal English.

Used frequently in German philosophy (Kant, Hegel) to build logical proofs. Common in German news broadcasts (Tagesschau). A staple in German school essays (Aufsätze).

실생활에서 연습하기

실제 사용 상황

Shopping

Ich brauche Brot. Außerdem brauche ich Eier.
Gibt es außerdem noch Rabatte?
Außerdem nehme ich diese Tasche.
Haben Sie außerdem Äpfel?

Travel

Das Hotel ist zentral. Außerdem ist es günstig.
Außerdem müssen wir den Zug nehmen.
Gibt es außerdem Sehenswürdigkeiten?
Außerdem ist das Frühstück inklusive.

Work

Ich habe die Email geschickt. Außerdem habe ich angerufen.
Außerdem müssen wir das Budget prüfen.
Wer ist außerdem im Team?
Außerdem ist die Deadline morgen.

School

Ich habe Mathe gelernt. Außerdem habe ich Bio gelesen.
Außerdem gibt es morgen einen Test.
Was müssen wir außerdem machen?
Außerdem ist der Lehrer nett.

Home

Ich habe gekocht. Außerdem habe ich geputzt.
Außerdem müssen wir den Hund füttern.
Gibt es außerdem Post?
Außerdem ist der Kühlschrank leer.

대화 시작하기

"Was machst du heute? Und was machst du außerdem am Wochenende?"

"Ich mag Berlin sehr. Was findest du außerdem an Deutschland interessant?"

"Ich lerne Deutsch für meinen Job. Warum lernst du außerdem Deutsch?"

"Das Essen hier ist toll. Was schmeckt dir außerdem besonders gut?"

"Ich reise gerne nach Italien. Wohin reist du außerdem gerne?"

일기 주제

Schreibe über deine Hobbys. Was machst du gerne und was machst du außerdem in deiner Freizeit?

Beschreibe deine Wohnung. Welche Zimmer gibt es und was ist außerdem besonders schön?

Was hast du heute erledigt? Was musst du außerdem noch machen?

Warum ist Deutschlernen wichtig für dich? Welche Vorteile gibt es außerdem?

Erzähle von deinem letzten Urlaub. Wo warst du und was hast du außerdem erlebt?

자주 묻는 질문

10 질문

No, it can also appear in the middle of a sentence (the Mittelfeld), usually after the verb and subject. For example: 'Ich habe außerdem keine Zeit.'

In German, you do not put a comma after 'außerdem' if it starts a sentence. This is a common mistake for English speakers who are used to 'Besides, ...'.

They are essentially synonyms. 'Außerdem' is more common in speech, while 'zudem' is slightly more formal and frequently found in newspapers.

Yes, 'und außerdem' is a very common combination in spoken German to emphasize that you are adding one more thing.

Since 'außerdem' is an adverb and not a preposition, it doesn't 'take' a case. The cases in the sentence are determined by the verbs and other prepositions.

It is neutral. It is perfectly fine to use in a casual chat, but it is also correct in a formal essay or business email.

It is rare but possible in very casual speech for emphasis, but usually, it is at the beginning or in the middle.

Think of 'Außerdem' as taking up the first 'slot' in the sentence. Since the verb must be in the second 'slot', it must come right after 'außerdem'.

Technically, it is a conjunctive adverb. It connects the meaning of two sentences but functions grammatically as an adverb.

There isn't a single direct opposite, but 'außer' (except) or 'stattdessen' (instead) are often used in contrasting contexts.