Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds
Use 'Do' or 'Does' at the start of a sentence to turn a statement into a question.
- Use 'Do' for I, you, we, and they. Example: 'Do you like coffee?'
- Use 'Does' for he, she, and it. Example: 'Does she like coffee?'
- When using 'Does', the main verb loses its 's'. Example: 'Does he work?' (not works).
Overview
do와 does라는 '조동사(auxiliary verb)'입니다.do나 does를 배치해야 합니다. 이 규칙은 영어의 Present Simple(현재 단순 시제)에서 습관, 일반적인 사실, 상태를 물어볼 때 필수적으로 사용됩니다.do를 넣어야 하지?'라고 생각할 수 있지만, 영어는 '이 문장은 질문이다'라는 것을 문법적으로 명확하게 표시하기 위해 이 도구들을 사용합니다. 이 개념을 잡는 것은 영어 회화의 첫걸음이자 가장 중요한 기초입니다. 이 규칙만 잘 익히면 '카페에서 주문하기', '친구에게 취미 묻기' 등 일상생활의 모든 질문을 자신 있게 할 수 있습니다.do와 does는 질문을 만드는 '신호등'과 같습니다. 평서문 You like coffee를 질문으로 바꾸려면 문장 맨 앞에 Do를 넣어서 Do you like coffee?라고 합니다. 여기서 do는 '나는 지금부터 질문을 할 거야'라고 알려주는 역할을 합니다.he, she, it)일 때입니다. 한국어에서는 '그가 커피를 마신다'와 '그가 커피를 마시니?'에서 '마시다'라는 동사 형태가 크게 변하지 않지만, 영어는 3인칭 단수 주어일 때 동사에 -s나 -es를 붙입니다. 평서문에서는 He works here라고 하지만, 질문을 만들 때는 Does he work here?가 됩니다.does가 works의 -s를 가져가 버렸기 때문에, 뒤에 오는 work는 원래 형태(Base form)로 돌아오는 것입니다. 이를 '조동사의 흡수'라고 부르기도 합니다. 즉, does가 이미 3인칭 단수임을 나타내고 있기 때문에, 뒤에 오는 동사까지 또 -s를 붙일 필요가 없는 것이죠.Does를 쓸 때는 뒤에 오는 동사가 항상 원래의 모습(동사원형)을 유지해야 한다는 점을 잊지 마세요. Does he plays?는 틀린 문장입니다. 왜냐하면 Does가 이미 3인칭 단수의 역할을 다 하고 있기 때문입니다.do와 does를 사용하는 상황은 크게 네 가지입니다.Do you exercise every morning?이라고 묻습니다. 한국어의 '해요체' 질문과 비슷합니다.Do birds fly? (새는 날아?)와 같은 경우죠.Do you like spicy food? (매운 음식 좋아해?)처럼 상대방의 개인적인 선호도를 물을 때 가장 많이 쓰입니다. 카페에서 친구에게 '너 아이스 아메리카노 좋아해?'라고 물어볼 때도 이 구조를 씁니다.Do you have a pen? (펜 있어?)처럼 무언가를 가지고 있는지 물을 때 사용합니다. 한국어에서는 '펜 있어?'라고 하면 끝이지만, 영어는 반드시 Do를 넣어야 합니다.- 1동사원형을 잊어버리는 경우:
Does he likes coffee?라고 하는 경우입니다. 한국어에는 '조동사'라는 개념이 없어서, 질문을 만들 때도 평서문처럼 동사를 그대로 쓰려는 습관 때문에 발생합니다.Does가s를 가져갔으니 뒤는 무조건like여야 한다는 점을 꼭 기억하세요.
- 1
be동사와do/does를 섞어 쓰는 경우:Do you are happy?라고 말하는 경우입니다. 한국어에서는 '행복해?' 한 단어로 끝나지만, 영어는be동사(am, are, is)와 일반동사가 엄격히 구분됩니다.be동사는 힘이 세서 스스로 질문을 만들 수 있습니다.Are you happy?가 맞습니다.
- 13인칭 단수 주어에서
Do를 쓰는 경우:Do she like music?이라고 하는 실수입니다. 한국어는 주어에 따라 동사가 변하지 않기 때문에 주어-동사 일치(Subject-Verb Agreement)를 놓치기 쉽습니다.she는 3인칭 단수이므로 무조건Does와 짝꿍이라는 것을 연습해야 합니다.
do/does 질문과 다른 형태의 질문을 비교해 보겠습니다.Do you swim?은 '수영을 (취미로) 하니?'라는 루틴을 묻는 것이고, Can you swim?은 '수영을 할 줄 아니?'라는 능력을 묻는 것입니다. 상황에 따라 구분해서 사용해야 합니다.Do와 Does를 꼭 써야 하나요? 그냥 문장 끝만 올리면 안 되나요?Do/Does를 사용하는 연습을 해야 합니다.Does를 썼는데 동사에 -s를 붙이면 왜 안 되나요?Does에서 이미 3인칭 단수임을 표시했기 때문에 뒤에 또 -s를 붙이는 것은 문법적인 낭비이자 오류입니다.have도 일반동사인가요?have는 일반동사입니다. 그래서 Do you have...?라고 질문하는 것이 맞습니다.3. Present Simple Question Formation
| Auxiliary | Subject | Main Verb (Base) | Example |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Do
|
I
|
work
|
Do I work?
|
|
Do
|
you
|
work
|
Do you work?
|
|
Does
|
he
|
work
|
Does he work?
|
|
Does
|
she
|
work
|
Does she work?
|
|
Does
|
it
|
work
|
Does it work?
|
|
Do
|
we
|
work
|
Do we work?
|
|
Do
|
they
|
work
|
Do they work?
|
Short Answers
| Subject | Affirmative Answer | Negative Answer |
|---|---|---|
|
I
|
Yes, I do.
|
No, I don't.
|
|
you
|
Yes, you do.
|
No, you don't.
|
|
he/she/it
|
Yes, he does.
|
No, he doesn't.
|
|
we
|
Yes, we do.
|
No, we don't.
|
|
they
|
Yes, they do.
|
No, they don't.
|
Meanings
The auxiliary verbs 'do' and 'does' act as 'helpers' to form questions in the Present Simple tense for all verbs except 'be' and modal verbs.
Yes/No Questions
Asking for a simple confirmation or denial of a fact or habit.
“Do you smoke?”
“Does it rain often here?”
Information Questions (Wh-)
Using 'do/does' after a question word like Where, When, or Why.
“Where do you live?”
“What does she do for a living?”
Emphatic Questions
Using 'do' in a question to show surprise or to clarify a previous statement.
“Do you really think so?”
“Does he actually live there?”
Reference Table
| 주어 | 조동사 | 본동사 (원형) | 예시 질문 |
|---|---|---|---|
|
I
|
Do
|
study
|
Do I study enough?
|
|
You
|
Do
|
like
|
Do you like pizza?
|
|
We
|
Do
|
live
|
Do we live far?
|
|
They
|
Do
|
speak
|
Do they speak Spanish?
|
|
He
|
Does
|
work
|
Does he work here?
|
|
She
|
Does
|
play
|
Does she play guitar?
|
|
It
|
Does
|
rain
|
Does it rain often?
|
격식 수준 스펙트럼
Do you wish to dine now? (Mealtime)
Do you want to eat? (Mealtime)
Do you wanna grab a bite? (Mealtime)
You hungry? (Mealtime)
'Do/Does'로 간단한 질문하기
'Do' 사용법
- I Do I need to go?
- You Do you like pizza?
- We Do we have time?
- They Do they live here?
'Does' 사용법
- He Does he work?
- She Does she study?
- It Does it matter?
핵심 규칙
- 동사 원형 After 'do/does', main verb is always simple (e.g., 'work', not 'works').
- 'be동사'와 안 씀 Don't use 'do/does' with 'am/is/are' (e.g., 'Are you happy?').
Do vs. Does: 누가 무엇을 얻을까?
현재 단순 질문 만들기 흐름도
본동사가 'be동사'(am/is/are)인가요?
주어가 'I', 'you', 'we', 'they'(또는 복수 명사)인가요?
주어가 'he', 'she', 'it'(또는 단수 명사)인가요?
'Do/Does' + 주어 뒤에 본동사는 어떤 형태인가요?
'Do/Does' 질문을 언제 사용할까요?
습관 및 일상
- • Do you wake up early?
- • Does he exercise daily?
- • Do they eat breakfast together?
일반적인 사실
- • Does water boil at 100°C?
- • Do birds fly south in winter?
- • Does your company have a dress code?
선호 및 의견
- • Do you prefer tea or coffee?
- • Does she like this song?
- • Do they think it's a good idea?
수준별 예문
Do you like apples?
Do you like apples?
Does he play football?
Does he play football?
Do they live here?
Do they live here?
Does she have a cat?
Does she have a cat?
Where do you work?
Where do you work?
Does your brother speak English?
Does your brother speak English?
Do we need to buy milk?
Do we need to buy milk?
What time does the bus arrive?
What time does the bus arrive?
How often do you go to the gym?
How often do you go to the gym?
Does it take a long time to learn?
Does it take a long time to learn?
Do you think it will rain later?
Do you think it will rain later?
Why does he always complain?
Why does he always complain?
Do you happen to know where the bank is?
Do you happen to know where the bank is?
Does this price include the service charge?
Does this price include the service charge?
Do you ever wonder what happened to him?
Do you ever wonder what happened to him?
How much does it matter in the long run?
How much does it matter in the long run?
Do you not find his behavior a bit odd?
Do you not find his behavior a bit odd?
Does it follow that we must change the plan?
Does it follow that we must change the plan?
To what extent do you agree with this?
To what extent do you agree with this?
Do you really mean to suggest he lied?
Do you really mean to suggest he lied?
Does there exist a solution to this problem?
Does there exist a solution to this problem?
Do you but realize the gravity of the situation?
Do you but realize the gravity of the situation?
How do you reconcile these two viewpoints?
How do you reconcile these two viewpoints?
Does it not strike you as somewhat hypocritical?
Does it not strike you as somewhat hypocritical?
혼동하기 쉬운
Learners often use 'do' with adjectives or 'be' with verbs.
Learners try to use 'do' when 'Who' or 'What' is the subject.
Mixing 'Have you...?' with 'Do you have...?'
자주 하는 실수
Does he likes coffee?
Does he like coffee?
Do she live here?
Does she live here?
You do like coffee?
Do you like coffee?
Do you are a student?
Are you a student?
Where he does live?
Where does he live?
Who do lives here?
Who lives here?
Do you not think it's strange?
Don't you think it's strange?
문장 패턴
Do you ___?
Does he/she ___?
Where do you ___?
What time does the ___ ___?
Real World Usage
Do u want to hang out?
Does this role require travel?
Do you have any vegetarian options?
Does this bus go to the museum?
Do you guys like my new hair?
Does it hurt when I press here?
동사 원형 규칙
Does she play soccer?
'be동사'는 조심!
Are you happy?라고 해야지, Do you are happy?라고 하면 안 돼요. 초보자들이 가장 많이 하는 실수예요!
Is he busy?짧은 답변 활용
Yes, I do. / "No, I don't.« 또는 »Yes, she does.« / »No, she doesn't.« 처럼 짧게 대답하는 연습을 하면 영어가 훨씬 자연스럽고 유창하게 들려요. 빠르고 예의 바르고, 일상 대화에서 아주 흔해요. 항상 긴 문장으로 대답할 필요는 없어요! »Do you like it? Yes, I do."억양도 중요해요
Do you like pizza?처럼 문장 끝을 살짝 올려서 연습해 보세요.
'Does'의 's' 기억하기
Does he live here?
Smart Tips
Stop! Remember the 'S' is a traveler. It moved from 'like' to 'do' to make 'does'. It can't be in two places.
Look for an action. If there's an action (run, eat, think), use 'Do'. If not, use 'Are'.
Echo the auxiliary. If the question starts with 'Do', answer with 'do'. If it starts with 'Does', answer with 'does'.
Always use 'Do you have' instead of 'Have you'. It works in every English-speaking country.
발음
Reduction of 'Do you'
In fast speech, 'Do you' often sounds like 'D'ya' or 'Dju'.
Does he/she reduction
The 'h' in 'he' or 'she' is often dropped. 'Does he' sounds like 'Duz-ee'.
Rising Intonation
Do you like it? ↗
Standard Yes/No questions usually end with a rising pitch.
Falling Intonation
Where do you live? ↘
Wh- questions usually end with a falling pitch.
암기하기
기억법
DO for the crew (I, you, we, they), DOES for the one (he, she, it).
시각적 연상
Imagine the letter 'S' jumping off the main verb (like 'plays') and landing on the word 'Do' to make it 'Does'. Once the 'S' has moved, it can't be in two places at once!
Rhyme
I, you, we, they — 'Do' is what we say. He, she, it — 'Does' is the perfect fit.
Story
The verb 'Do' is a helpful assistant. When a sentence wants to become a question, 'Do' steps in to help. But when 'He', 'She', or 'It' are around, they are very demanding, so 'Do' has to put on a special 'S' hat and become 'Does' to make them happy.
Word Web
챌린지
Look at 5 objects around you. Ask a 'Does it...?' question for each one (e.g., 'Does it cost a lot?', 'Does it work with batteries?').
문화 노트
In very informal British English, you might hear 'Have you got...?' instead of 'Do you have...?' for possession.
Americans almost exclusively use 'Do you have...?' for possession in both formal and informal contexts.
You might hear 'Do y'all...?' when addressing a group of people.
The use of 'do' as an auxiliary (Do-support) emerged in Middle English but became standard in the 16th and 17th centuries.
대화 시작하기
Do you like living in your city?
Does your best friend speak English?
What do you do on the weekends?
How do you feel about the weather today?
일기 주제
자주 하는 실수
Test Yourself
___ your friends live nearby?
Find and fix the mistake:
Does he works on weekends?
Choose the correct sentence:
Translate into English: 'Você gosta de aprender idiomas?'
Answer starts with: ["D...
Score: /4
연습 문제
8 exercises___ she like chocolate?
Which sentence is correct?
Find and fix the mistake:
Do you has a car?
live / where / they / do / ?
A: ___ you speak English? B: Yes, I ___.
Pick the correct subject for 'Does ___ like tea?'
Statement: It rains a lot.
1. Do you like pizza? 2. Does he live here?
Score: /8
Practice Bank
12 exercises___ you usually drink tea or coffee in the morning?
Does the train leaves at 8 AM?
Choose the correct sentence:
Translate into English: 'Ele trabalha em um banco?'
Arrange these words into a sentence:
Match the subjects with the correct form:
___ your car use a lot of gas?
Do she likes classical music?
Choose the correct sentence:
Translate into English: 'Eles falam inglês fluentemente?'
Arrange these words into a sentence:
Match the correct phrase parts:
Score: /12
자주 묻는 질문 (8)
In very casual speech, yes (e.g., 'You like it?'), but in writing and formal speaking, you must use `do` or `does`.
Because `does` already shows the third-person 's'. The main verb must always return to its base form, which is `have`.
No. Never use `do` with `am`, `is`, or `are`. Say 'Are you okay?' not 'Do you be okay?'
`Do you have` is standard American English. `Have you got` is common in British English. Both mean the same thing.
If 'Who' is the subject, don't use 'do' (e.g., 'Who wants cake?'). If 'Who' is the object, use 'do' (e.g., 'Who do you like?').
Yes! We use `does` for `it` (the machine) and the base verb `work`.
No. Modal verbs like `can`, `should`, and `must` do not use `do`. Just say 'Can you help me?'
Instead of just saying 'Yes', we say 'Yes, I do' or 'Yes, she does'. It sounds more polite and natural.
Scaffolded Practice
1
2
3
4
Mastery Progress
Needs Practice
Improving
Strong
Mastered
In Other Languages
¿[Verb] [Subject]?
Spanish has no auxiliary 'helper' verb for questions.
Est-ce que...
French uses a fixed phrase rather than a conjugated auxiliary.
Verb-Subject Inversion
German moves the main verb; English keeps the main verb and adds 'do'.
...ka?
Japanese uses a suffix; English uses a prefix (auxiliary).
Hal...
Arabic 'Hal' is universal and doesn't conjugate for person.
...ma?
Chinese has no auxiliary verbs or conjugation.
Learning Path
Prerequisites
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