apology 30초 만에
- A noun meaning an expression of regret for a mistake or offense.
- Can also mean a formal defense of a belief (apologia).
- Commonly used with verbs like 'offer', 'issue', and 'accept'.
- Essential for social harmony and professional accountability.
The term apology is far more complex than a simple 'I am sorry.' While at its most basic level it denotes an expression of regret, at the CEFR C2 level, it transcends social etiquette to encompass the classical concept of apologia—a formal, structured defense of a belief, cause, or action. This dual nature makes it a cornerstone of both interpersonal communication and academic discourse.
- Interpersonal Apology
- A social lubricant used to acknowledge a breach of social norms and express a desire to repair the relationship.
- Academic Apologia
- A systematic justification or formal defense of a position, often seen in theology, philosophy, or law.
- Legal Apology
- An admission of fault that may or may not carry legal liability depending on the jurisdiction.
"His latest book is less a memoir and more a public apology for the controversial policies he enacted during his tenure."
In a historical context, the word derives from the Greek apologia, which was a speech made in defense. Think of Socrates' defense at his trial; he wasn't saying 'sorry' for his philosophy, but rather explaining why it was right. This distinction is crucial for C2 learners who must navigate the nuances of formal writing.
"The CEO issued a heartfelt apology to the shareholders, acknowledging the systemic failures that led to the data breach."
Furthermore, the effectiveness of an apology often hinges on its sincerity and the presence of 'reparative' elements. A 'non-apology apology' (e.g., 'I'm sorry you feel that way') is a common rhetorical device used to avoid taking responsibility while appearing polite.
- Sincerity
- The perceived genuineness of the regret expressed.
- Atonement
- The actions taken to make up for the mistake.
Using 'apology' correctly requires an understanding of register and prepositional collocations. You offer, issue, tender, or demand an apology. The choice of verb significantly alters the tone of the sentence.
- To Tender an Apology
- Extremely formal, often used in legal or official corporate correspondence.
- To Owe an Apology
- Indicates a moral or social debt that has not yet been paid.
"After the public outcry, the minister was forced to tender a formal apology to the parliament."
Grammatically, 'apology' is followed by 'for' (the reason) and 'to' (the recipient). For example: 'An apology for the delay to the passengers.' In academic contexts, 'apology' is often followed by 'of' or 'for' when referring to a defense of a concept (e.g., 'An Apology for the Life of Colley Cibber').
Consider the difference between 'I apologize' (verb) and 'I offer my apologies' (noun). The latter is more distanced and formal, often used when the speaker is representing an organization rather than themselves personally.
"The board's apology was seen as insufficient, as it failed to address the root causes of the crisis."
The word 'apology' resonates through various spheres of public life. In the political arena, apologies are often high-stakes events, sometimes occurring decades after the event in question (e.g., state apologies for historical injustices). These are carefully choreographed and linguistically precise.
"The Prime Minister's apology to the indigenous community was a landmark moment in the nation's history."
In corporate communications, you will encounter the 'public apology' in press releases following service outages, product recalls, or ethical scandals. Here, the word is often paired with 'unreserved' or 'sincere' to maximize damage control.
In legal settings, an apology can be a complex matter. In some regions, 'Apology Acts' exist to allow people to express regret without that expression being used as an admission of liability in court. This allows for 'human' interaction without legal suicide.
- Theological Discourse
- Apologetics is the religious discipline of defending religious doctrines through systematic argumentation and discourse.
One of the most frequent errors is the confusion between the noun 'apology' and the verb 'apologize'. You cannot 'apology' to someone; you must 'apologize' to them or 'give them an apology'.
"Incorrect: I apology for the mistake. Correct: I apologize for the mistake."
Another nuance is the 'non-apology'. This occurs when the speaker uses the word 'apology' but shifts the blame to the victim's reaction. Phrases like 'I apologize if you were offended' are often criticized because they don't acknowledge the speaker's fault, only the listener's feelings.
Learners often struggle with the plural 'apologies'. In British English, 'My apologies' is a very common, slightly formal way to say 'I'm sorry' for minor things like being late or sneezing. Using the singular 'My apology' in these cases sounds strange and overly dramatic.
While 'apology' is the standard term, several synonyms carry different weights and contexts. Regret is a softer term, often used when the speaker isn't necessarily at fault but feels bad about the situation. Remorse is much deeper, implying a profound sense of guilt and moral anguish.
- Contrition
- A formal or religious term for feeling sorry for a sin or wrongdoing.
- Exculpation
- The act of clearing someone from blame; the opposite of what an apology might lead to.
- Vindication
- Proving that someone was right, which usually makes an apology unnecessary.
"The defendant showed no remorse, and his apology was dismissed as a mere legal tactic."
In the sense of a 'defense', similar words include justification, vindication, and defense. However, 'apologia' remains the specific term for a formal written or spoken defense of one's principles.
How Formal Is It?
""
""
발음 가이드
난이도
알아야 할 문법
수준별 예문
I'm sorry, here is my apology.
Lo siento, aquí está mi disculpa.
Simple noun usage.
Say an apology to your friend.
Dile una disculpa a tu amigo.
Imperative sentence.
Is that an apology?
¿Es eso una disculpa?
Question form.
I need to write an apology.
Necesito escribir una disculpa.
Infinitive 'to write'.
Her apology was very nice.
Su disculpa fue muy amable.
Adjective + noun.
Please accept my apology.
Por favor, acepta mi disculpa.
Polite request.
A small apology is enough.
Una pequeña disculpa es suficiente.
Subject + verb + adjective.
He gave an apology for being late.
Él pidió disculpas por llegar tarde.
Past tense 'gave'.
I sent an apology email yesterday.
Envié un correo de disculpa ayer.
Compound noun 'apology email'.
She didn't accept his apology.
Ella no aceptó su disculpa.
Negative past tense.
You owe me an apology.
Me debes una disculpa.
Verb 'owe' + indirect object.
The teacher asked for an apology.
El profesor pidió una disculpa.
Phrasal verb 'ask for'.
His apology was short but sweet.
Su disculpa fue corta pero sincera.
Coordinating conjunction 'but'.
We received an apology from the company.
Recibimos una disculpa de la empresa.
Preposition 'from'.
Is an apology really necessary?
¿Es realmente necesaria una disculpa?
Adverb 'really' modifying adjective.
I want to offer a sincere apology.
Quiero ofrecer una disculpa sincera.
Adjective 'sincere'.
The company issued a public apology for the error.
La empresa emitió una disculpa pública por el error.
Verb 'issue' often used with 'apology'.
It was a formal apology written on expensive paper.
Fue una disculpa formal escrita en papel caro.
Passive participle 'written'.
He made a groveling apology to his boss.
Hizo una disculpa humillante a su jefe.
Adjective 'groveling'.
The apology seemed genuine to everyone in the room.
La disculpa pareció genuina para todos en la habitación.
Linking verb 'seemed'.
I don't think a simple apology will fix this.
No creo que una simple disculpa arregle esto.
Future tense with 'will'.
She accepted his apology with a nod of her head.
Ella aceptó su disculpa con un movimiento de cabeza.
Prepositional phrase 'with a nod'.
An apology is the first step toward reconciliation.
Una disculpa es el primer paso hacia la reconciliación.
Noun as subject.
He offered no apology for his rude behavior.
No ofreció ninguna disculpa por su comportamiento grosero.
Negative quantifier 'no'.
The Prime Minister's apology was broadcast live on television.
La disculpa del Primer Ministro fue transmitida en vivo por televisión.
Passive voice 'was broadcast'.
Despite the apology, the damage to their reputation was done.
A pesar de la disculpa, el daño a su reputación estaba hecho.
Concession with 'Despite'.
The airline offered an apology and a full refund.
La aerolínea ofreció una disculpa y un reembolso completo.
Compound object.
His apology lacked sincerity, making the situation worse.
Su disculpa carecía de sinceridad, empeorando la situación.
Present participle clause 'making...'.
They demanded a written apology from the newspaper.
Exigieron una disculpa por escrito del periódico.
Verb 'demand' + object.
An unreserved apology was the only way to save the deal.
Una disculpa sin reservas era la única forma de salvar el trato.
Adjective 'unreserved'.
She made a public apology to clear her name.
Hizo una disculpa pública para limpiar su nombre.
Infinitive of purpose 'to clear'.
The apology was seen as a sign of weakness by his rivals.
La disculpa fue vista como un signo de debilidad por sus rivales.
Passive voice with 'seen as'.
The CEO's apology was a masterclass in crisis management.
La disculpa del CEO fue una clase magistral en gestión de crisis.
Metaphorical usage 'masterclass'.
His apology was carefully worded to avoid legal liability.
Su disculpa fue redactada cuidadosamente para evitar responsabilidad legal.
Adverbial modification 'carefully worded'.
The apology served as a catalyst for further negotiations.
La disculpa sirvió como catalizador para futuras negociaciones.
Verb 'served as'.
Critics dismissed the apology as a cynical PR stunt.
Los críticos descartaron la disculpa como un truco publicitario cínico.
Verb 'dismissed... as'.
The apology failed to address the systemic issues at play.
La disculpa no abordó los problemas sistémicos en juego.
Infinitive 'to address'.
An apology, however heartfelt, cannot undo the past.
Una disculpa, por muy sincera que sea, no puede deshacer el pasado.
Parenthetical 'however heartfelt'.
The government's apology was met with skepticism by the public.
La disculpa del gobierno fue recibida con escepticismo por el público.
Passive 'was met with'.
She offered a profound apology for the oversight.
Ella ofreció una profunda disculpa por el descuido.
Adjective 'profound'.
The essay serves as an apology for the author's controversial aesthetic theories.
El ensayo sirve como una apología de las controvertidas teorías estéticas del autor.
Classical sense of 'apologia'.
His public apology was a nuanced performance of contrition.
Su disculpa pública fue una actuación matizada de contrición.
Abstract noun 'contrition'.
The text is an eloquent apology for the necessity of state intervention.
El texto es una elocuente apología de la necesidad de la intervención estatal.
Adjective 'eloquent'.
The apology was so oblique that many failed to recognize it as such.
La disculpa fue tan oblicua que muchos no la reconocieron como tal.
Adjective 'oblique'.
In his 'Apology for Poetry', Sidney defends the moral value of imaginative literature.
En su 'Apología de la poesía', Sidney defiende el valor moral de la literatura imaginativa.
Proper noun usage in title.
The apology was predicated on the assumption that the error was unintentional.
La disculpa se basó en el supuesto de que el error fue involuntario.
Verb 'predicated on'.
The lack of an apology exacerbated the diplomatic tensions between the two nations.
La falta de una disculpa exacerbó las tensiones diplomáticas entre las dos naciones.
Verb 'exacerbated'.
His apology was a masterstroke of rhetorical evasion.
Su disculpa fue una obra maestra de evasión retórica.
Compound noun 'masterstroke'.
자주 쓰는 조합
자주 쓰는 구문
My apologies
Offer an apology
In apology for
A letter of apology
By way of apology
Demand an apology
Accept my apologies
A groveling apology
A public apology
A formal apology
자주 혼동되는 단어
관용어 및 표현
""
""
""
""
""
""
""
""
""
""
혼동하기 쉬운
A formal defense, not necessarily expressing regret.
An official pardon, usually by a government.
Being cleared of blame entirely.
Forgiving an offense or a legal crime.
Making amends by paying money or helping those wronged.
문장 패턴
사용법
The plural 'apologies' is often used as a standalone interjection in British English.
Do not confuse 'apology' with 'apologetic' (the adjective).
- Using 'apology' as a verb.
- Saying 'apology about' instead of 'apology for'.
- Using 'sorry' in a formal legal document instead of 'apology'.
- Making a 'non-apology' that blames the victim.
- Forgetting the 'to' when apologizing to a person.
팁
Be Prompt
An apology is most effective when given soon after the mistake.
Be Specific
State exactly what you are sorry for to show you understand.
Avoid 'But'
Adding a 'but' after an apology often sounds like an excuse.
Check Norms
Different cultures have different expectations for how to apologize.
Be Careful
In some jobs, consult a supervisor before making a formal apology.
Noun vs Verb
Remember: You *make* an apology, but you *apologize*.
Use Synonyms
Try 'regret' or 'remorse' for variety in your writing.
Body Language
Your posture should match your words of regret.
Listen Fully
Wait for the other person to finish before offering your apology.
Apologia
Use this term when discussing a formal defense of a theory.
암기하기
어원
Greek
문화적 맥락
Apologies are often used for minor social inconveniences as a form of politeness.
Apologies can be seen as admissions of legal guilt in some states.
Apologies are frequent and essential for social harmony (wa).
실생활에서 연습하기
실제 사용 상황
대화 시작하기
"When was the last time you had to give a difficult apology?"
"Do you think public apologies from celebrities are usually sincere?"
"Is it harder to give an apology or to accept one?"
"What makes an apology 'good' in your opinion?"
"Should governments apologize for things that happened 100 years ago?"
일기 주제
Write about a time you received an apology that changed your mind about someone.
Describe a situation where you refused to apologize. Why?
Draft a formal apology for a hypothetical mistake at work.
Reflect on the difference between 'I'm sorry' and 'I apologize'.
Write an 'apologia' for one of your strongest personal beliefs.
자주 묻는 질문
10 질문It is a noun. The verb form is 'apologize'.
It is a statement that looks like an apology but does not accept responsibility.
No, you must say 'I apologize' or 'I give an apology'.
It is a formal defense of a position or belief.
Yes, it is more formal than 'I'm sorry'.
Usually 'for' (the reason) or 'to' (the person).
One that is honest and truly feels regretful.
Yes, 'apologies'.
In very formal or legal situations.
Defiance or an insult.
셀프 테스트 180 질문
/ 180 correct
Perfect score!
Summary
At an advanced level, 'apology' is not just about saying sorry; it is a powerful rhetorical tool used for reconciliation, damage control, and the formal defense of complex intellectual or political positions.
- A noun meaning an expression of regret for a mistake or offense.
- Can also mean a formal defense of a belief (apologia).
- Commonly used with verbs like 'offer', 'issue', and 'accept'.
- Essential for social harmony and professional accountability.
Be Prompt
An apology is most effective when given soon after the mistake.
Be Specific
State exactly what you are sorry for to show you understand.
Avoid 'But'
Adding a 'but' after an apology often sounds like an excuse.
Check Norms
Different cultures have different expectations for how to apologize.
예시
I owe you a sincere apology for missing our meeting yesterday.
관련 콘텐츠
영상에서 보기
7:16
Conan Berates Matt Gourley For Being Noisy During An Interview | Conan O'Brien Needs A Friend
"I owe you a sincere apology for missing our meeting yesterday."
5:35
The Irishman - Al Pacino Says You're Late Clip | Netflix
"I owe you a sincere apology for missing our meeting yesterday."
5:01
Mrs. Kennedy Apologizes To The Queen | The Crown (Claire Foy, Jodi Balfour)
"I owe you a sincere apology for missing our meeting yesterday."
관련 표현
Communication 관련 단어
aah
A1안도감이나 기쁨을 표현할 때 사용하는 감탄사. '아아, 이제 훨씬 낫네요!'
accentuate
C1To make a particular feature of something more noticeable or prominent. It is frequently used to describe how one thing emphasizes the beauty, importance, or intensity of another.
acknowledgment
B2An acknowledgment is the act of accepting or admitting that something is true, or a formal statement confirming that something has been received. It can also refer to a public expression of thanks for someone's help or contribution.
actually
B1사실은, 실제로. 오해를 바로잡거나 놀라운 사실을 강조할 때 사용됩니다.
address
A2누구에게 말을 걸거나 특정 문제를 다루다.
addressee
B2The person or organization to whom a letter, package, or message is addressed. It refers to the intended recipient of a piece of communication.
adlocment
C1Describes a style of communication or behavior that is formal, directed, and oratorical in nature, specifically pertaining to a public address or a declamatory speech. It is used to characterize language that is intentionally designed to be heard by an audience for the purpose of instruction or inspiration.
adloctude
C1격식 있고 직접적인 대화 방식을 말해. 상대에게 친근하게 다가가면서도 권위 있는 태도를 유지하는 거지.
admonish
C1To firmly warn or reprimand someone for their behavior, or to advise someone earnestly to do or avoid something. It often implies a sense of moral guidance or authoritative concern rather than just anger.
adpassant
C1To mention or address a secondary topic briefly and incidentally while focused on a primary task or discussion. It describes an action that occurs seamlessly 'in passing' without disrupting the main narrative or workflow.
